A conceptual model integrating trust into planned change activities to enhance technology adoption behavior
Abstract
Trillions of dollars are annually spent on the development and implementation of information technology within the United States and around the world. On average, roughly 50% of such systems are considered failures or fall short of meeting the expectations set forth by management. The lost productivity and high costs associated with these shortcomings necessitate the identification of alternative frameworks for facilitating the successful acceptance and continued internalization of new technologies. Internalization is defined as the effective and continued use of a technology over time. As such, this paper introduces a conceptual model for examining the effect of trust and planned change initiatives on technology adoption behavior. We propose that technology trust and interpersonal trust, when coupled with planned change initiatives, lead to greater technology adoption and internalization. A series of propositions are introduced and examined between trust, planned change, technology adoption, and internalization. Implications and recommendations for future explorations and development are presented.
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The paper shows that readiness is an integral element throughout the entire adoption process instead of a precursor condition.
“We show that readiness is an integral element throughout the entire adoption process instead of a precursor condition (Lippert and Davis 2006).”
From Ready or not, AI comes—an interview study of organizational AI readiness factors (2021) · cites this paper as Lippert and Davis 2006
The readiness concept is often limited to being a sequential precursor to the broader adoption concept.
“Thus, the readiness concept is often limited to being a sequential precursor to the broader adoption concept (Lippert and Davis 2006).”
From Ready or not, AI comes—an interview study of organizational AI readiness factors (2021) · cites this paper as Lippert and Davis 2006
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“Theories on trust [21], the technology acceptance model (TAM) [22], and the social construction of technology (SCOT) [23] provide theoretical backgrounds to address successful disruptive technology-based NPD decision-making processes.”
BackgroundDis/Trust and data-driven technologies
Dueñas-Cid, D., & Calzati, S. (2023) · Internet Policy Review · doi:10.14763/2023.4.1727 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Examining the Influence of Artificial Intelligence Implementation in HRM Practices Using T-O-E Model
Siradhana, N. K., & Arora, R. G. (2024) · Vision The Journal of Business Perspective · doi:10.1177/09722629241231458 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Drones in food delivery: an analysis of consumer values and perspectives
Abbasi, G. A., Rodríguez-López, M. E., Higueras‐Castillo, E., & Liébana-Cabanillas, F. J. (2024) · International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications · doi:10.1080/13675567.2024.2407496 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“In addition, trust is identified as a key factor in the successful adoption of new technology (Lippert and Davis 2006).”
Importance of Trust in IoT based Wearable Device Adoption by Patient: An Empirical Investigation
Bhatt, V., & Chakraborty, S. (2020) · International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC) · doi:10.1109/i-smac49090.2020.9243533 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Trust in Government or in Technology? What Really Drives Internet Voting
Abdala, M. B., Plescia, C., Boyer, M. M., & Brunetti, A. L. (2025) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/10659129251321424 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“…a framework based on a trustor that is willing to give their trust (i.e., citizens), a trustee that provides the service and generates trust (i.e., the government) and an intermediary that contributed to the provision of the service (i.e., the i-voting technology) (Lippert and Davis 2006).”
InfluentialRomanov, B., Dueñas-Cid, D., & Leets, P. (2025) · Government Information Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.giq.2025.102068 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Organizational Change and the Imperatives of Managing Employee Resistance: A Conceptual Review
Tamunomiebi, M. D., & AKPAN, E. P. (2021) · Journal of Strategic Management · doi:10.47672/jsm.683 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“…as a result of employee resistance to change turned out to be referred to as one of the main obstacles to organizational change initiatives (Lippert & Davis, 2006), and cause negative impacts such as reducing employee motivation (Ude & Diala, 2015), less than optimal results of failure…”
BackgroundWagner, T. F. (2017) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-58559-8_22 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Lippert, S. K. (2007) · International Journal of Information Technology and Management · doi:10.1504/ijitm.2008.015888 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“If this assertion is true, then an individual who is resistant to change will not exert the necessary energy to identify the utility of the new technology (Lippert and Davis, 2006), specifically regarding how the system will enhance job performance.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationThe Hidden Costs of Keeping Current: Technology and Libraries
Cunningham, K. (2010) · Journal of Library Administration · doi:10.1080/01930821003634955 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“The introduction of technology is “costly in terms of time, human and capital resources, and organizational energy” (Lippert & Davis, 2006, p. 435).”
BackgroundParty Cues and Trust in Remote Internet Voting: Data from Estonia 2005–2019
Ehin, P., & Solvak, M. (2021) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-86942-7_6 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The Trustworthy and Trusted Web
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Murrar, A., Paz, V. C., Batra, M. M., & Yerger, D. B. (2025) · Journal of Systems and Information Technology · doi:10.1108/jsit-12-2023-0335 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
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Rath, S. P., Tripathy, R., & Jain, N. K. (2023) · IFIP advances in information and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-50188-3_11 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Dueñas-Cid, D. (2024) · Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research · doi:10.1145/3657054.3657262 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Technology Trust: From Antecedents to Perceived Performance Effects
Kivijärvi, H., Leppänen, A., & Hallikainen, P. (2013) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.1109/hicss.2013.510 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
A Novel and Customizable Framework for IoT Based Smart Home Nursing for Elderly Care
Boobalan, J., & Malleswaran, M. (2019) · Lecture notes on data engineering and communications technologies · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32150-5_3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Organising Self-Referential Taxi Work with mICT: The Case of the London Black Cab Drivers
Elaluf-Calderwood, S. (2010) · London School of Economics and Political Science Theses Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
"Organizational Readiness for Artificial Intelligence Adoption"
Palade, M., & Căruțașu, G. (2023) · Scientific Bulletin of the Politehnica University of Timişoara Transactions on Engineering and Management · doi:10.59168/fdms6321 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“They demonstrate that readiness is a natural aspect of the adoption process, rather than a pre-requisite condition [16].”
BackgroundThe Adoption of Artificial Intelligence in the E-Commerce Trade of Healthcare Industry
Kong, Y., Hou, Y., & Sun, S. (2021) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-3631-8_8 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Mazey, N. C. H. L., & Wingreen, S. C. (2017) · International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks · doi:10.1177/1550147717717388 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Institutionalization and adoption of digital technology in Thai maritime industry
Janmethakulwat, A., & Thanasopon, B. (2025) · Maritime Business Review · doi:10.1108/mabr-07-2024-0056 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Assessment of Factors Influencing Intent-to-Use Big Data Analytics in an Organization: Pilot Study
Madhlangobe, W., & Wang, L. (2018) · IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications; IEEE International Conference on Smart City; IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Systems (HPCC/SmartCity/DSS) · doi:10.1109/hpcc/smartcity/dss.2018.00277 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Technology trust relates to an individual’s willingness to be vulnerable to an information technology based on expectations of technology predictability, reliability, and utility [10].”
BackgroundGashami, J. P. G., Chang, Y., Rho, J. J., & Park, M.-C. (2014) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Fintech Adoption Factors: A Study on an Educated Romanian Population
Belaşcu, L., Neguț, C. A., Dinca, Z., Boţoroga, C.-A., & Dumitrescu, D. G. (2023) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc13120262 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Interestingly, innovators, who typically exhibit characteristics such as high wealth, education, active social participation, and leadership, are often the first to adopt new services or goods, such as internet banking [14].”
BackgroundChartered Accountants’ perception of the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Brands, C., Mayer, C., & Oosthuizen, R. M. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1419766 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“It affects how people perceive and interpret the world, as well as their willingness to accept new ideas or change their behaviours (Lippert and Davis, 2006; Tu and Hu, 2018).”
BackgroundIncorporating Social Trust into Design Practices for Secure Systems
Cofta, P., Lacohée, H., & Hodgson, P. (2010) · International Journal of Dependable and Trustworthy Information Systems · doi:10.4018/jdtis.2010100101 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Phương, N. N. D., & Trường, H. V. (2021) · TẠP CHÍ KHOA HỌC ĐẠI HỌC MỞ THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH - KINH TẾ VÀ QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH · doi:10.46223/hcmcoujs.econ.vi.17.2.1966.2022 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Mức độ chấp nhận của người dùng là một yếu tố quan trọng cần xem xét vì nó quyết định việc áp dụng, triển khai và sử dụng công nghệ thông tin trong tổ chức (Agarwal & Karahanna, 2000; Lippert & Davis, 2006).”
Implementing Smart Contracts in the Syndicated Loan Market: An Issue of Adoption
Malan, M., & Steyn, R. (2019) · IT Professional · doi:10.1109/mitp.2019.2929750 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Understanding Innovation Deployment and Evaluation in Healthcare: The Triality Framework
Sharma, U., Barnett, J. C., & Clarke, M. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/35671 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Smith, R. E. (2013) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Abdala, M. B. (2024) · Electoral Studies · doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2024.102851 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Patel, P. C., Parida, V., & Tran, P. (2022) · Journal of Innovation & Knowledge · doi:10.1016/j.jik.2022.100269 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Determinants of Trust in Smart Technologies
Papenkordt, J., & Thommes, K. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-99235-4_13 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Managing the trust relationship in Financial Services Information Systems
Chan, W. T., & Fengwei, Y. (2010) · IEEE International Conference on Information and Financial Engineering · doi:10.1109/icife.2010.5609285 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Research shows that the type of trust varies - trust may develop between individuals [9]; between individuals and organizations [10]; and between individuals and Information Systems [11,12,13].”
BackgroundNgugi, B. K., Tarasewich, P., & Recce, M. L. (2012) · Journal of Organizational and End User Computing · doi:10.4018/joeuc.2012010103 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“For example, about fifty percent of information technologies do not get accepted by users and are considered failures; that is, they fall short of meeting the expectations set forth by technology managers (Lippert & Davis, 2006).”
BackgroundEnablers and impediments of RFID implementation in health service operations
Aboelmaged, M. G. S. (2017) · IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science (ICSESS) · doi:10.1109/icsess.2017.8342899 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Therefore, the potential advantages of new innovation may not be foreseen and retained unless resistance to that innovation is minimized [32] [33].”
BackgroundApproach and Process for Effective Planning, Monitoring, and Evaluation
Kadel, L. M., Ahmad, F., & Bhattarai, G. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-73569-2_18 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Ferreira, S. A., & Andrade, A. (2011) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Pistilli, L., & Pennarola, F. (2016) · Lecture notes in information systems and organisation · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-38974-5_8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ndombi, C. L., Kyalo, D. N., & Mulwa, A. S. (2020) · International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478) · doi:10.20525/ijrbs.v9i4.771 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…(needs assessment) and capacities and motivation (feasibility studies) are carried out which then followed by choice of relevant initiatives what Geraci (1997), Lippert & Davis (2006) and Lippitt et al (1958) refer to as goal setting and progressive change objects, action plans and strategies.”
BackgroundFirm-Specific Determinants of Mechanisation: The Case of Coir Industry in Kerala
Raseena, K. K. (2022) · SEDME (Small Enterprises Development Management & Extension Journal) A worldwide window on MSME Studies · doi:10.1177/09708464221130204 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“From the studies of Atanu et al. 1994), Gale (1998), Burton et al. (1999), Daberkow et al. (2003), Adewuyi et al. (2006), Lippert and Davis (2006), Varukolu (2007), Katungi (2007), Lin and Zhang (2009), Gosh (2010), Kuriakose et al. (2011), Okello et al. (2014), Narayanamoorthy et al. (2014) and…”
(2021) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-86942-7 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
O’Connor, Y. (2013) · Cork Open Research Archive (University College Cork, Ireland) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Technology trust antecedents: Building the platform for technology-enabled performance
Leppänen, A. (2010) · Aaltodoc (Aalto University) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Motwani, J., & Kataria, A. (2022) · Advances in logistics, operations, and management science book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-5864-8.ch013 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mattisson, M., Lundahl, R., Liljeroos, M., Lang, H. F., Johansson, P., Strömberg, A., Pak, N.-Y., Jaarsma, T., & Kato, N. (2026) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1093/eurjcn/zvag075 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Arora, R. G., & Siradhana, N. K. (2026) · South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management · doi:10.1177/23220937261470890 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Jogos e Simuladores no Ensino Superior de Economia e Gestão em Portugal
Lopes, C. P., & Andrade, A. (2008) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Survey Of Mobile Health System Infusion Among Healthcare Practitioners.
O’Connor, Y., O’Reilly, P., & O’Donoghue, J. (2013) · European Conference on Information Systems · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chan, W. T., & Fengwei, Y. (2010) · IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON) · doi:10.1109/tencon.2010.5686428 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Research shows that the type of trust varies - trust may develop between individuals [4]; between individuals and organizations [5]; and between individuals and Information Systems [6, 7, 8].”
BackgroundImplementation and Acceptance of a Discovery Tool
Dahl, D., & MacDonald, P. (2012) · Advances in library and information science (ALIS) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-1821-3.ch021 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Effectiveness of Online Teaching Learning Process
Jhawar, N., & Nandedkar, T. (2022) · IIMS Journal of Management Science · doi:10.1177/0976030x221083033 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Grammarly adoption among higher-education students in Yogyakarta
Amali, M. T. (2024) · Bricolage Jurnal Magister Ilmu Komunikasi · doi:10.30813/bricolage.v10i1.4997 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Does Trust Matter to Use Hotel Service Robot in COVID-19 Pandemic?
Chung, H. C., & Chung, N. (2023) · Journal of Smart Tourism · doi:10.52255/smarttourism.2023.3.2.2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“They adopt such technology because they trust that technology (Lee & Wan, 2010; Lippert & Davis, 2006).”
University Task Force Deepens Academic Involvement in ERP System
Crow, M. (2009) · Advances in IT personnel and project management · doi:10.4018/978-1-60566-400-2.ch025 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wilson‐Evered, E., & Zeleznikow, J. (2021) · Law, governance and technology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-64645-5_4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Spencer, A. J. (2011) · Bournemouth University Research Online (Bournemouth University) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lippert, S. K., & Davis, M.
- Affiliations
- Drexel University (US)
- Shenandoah University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Information Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2006-10
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 434-448
- ISSN
- 0165-5515 (ISSN-L)
- 1741-6485
- OpenAlex
- W2167860992
- Cited by
- 119
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 7.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Information Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Technology Adoption and User Behaviour
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Information Systems Theories and Implementation
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management Information Systems › ERP Systems Implementation and Impact
- Keywords
- trust in technology, interpersonal trust, planned change, technology adoption, organizational change, information technology implementation, conceptual model
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