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Pilot study of the 5-HT 2A R agonist psilocybin in the treatment of tobacco addiction
Open accessAbstract
Despite suggestive early findings on the therapeutic use of hallucinogens in the treatment of substance use disorders, rigorous follow-up has not been conducted. To determine the safety and feasibility of psilocybin as an adjunct to tobacco smoking cessation treatment we conducted an open-label pilot study administering moderate (20 mg/70 kg) and high (30 mg/70 kg) doses of psilocybin within a structured 15-week smoking cessation treatment protocol. Participants were 15 psychiatrically healthy nicotine-dependent smokers (10 males; mean age of 51 years), with a mean of six previous lifetime quit attempts, and smoking a mean of 19 cigarettes per day for a mean of 31 years at intake. Biomarkers assessing smoking status, and self-report measures of smoking behavior demonstrated that 12 of 15 participants (80%) showed seven-day point prevalence abstinence at 6-month follow-up. The observed smoking cessation rate substantially exceeds rates commonly reported for other behavioral and/or pharmacological therapies (typically <35%). Although the open-label design does not allow for definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy of psilocybin, these findings suggest psilocybin may be a potentially efficacious adjunct to current smoking cessation treatment models. The present study illustrates a framework for future research on the efficacy and mechanisms of hallucinogen-facilitated treatment of addiction.
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“Psychedelic-assisted therapies currently offer one of the most robust experimental models for eliciting ST, frequently occasioning ego-dissolution and mystical-type experiences that are associated with sustained reductions in depression, anxiety, and addictive behaviors (97, 106).”
From The therapeutic role of self-transcendence in moral injury recovery: theory, mechanisms, and clinical implications (2026) · cites this paper as [106]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“A single-arm pilot study of PAT to treat tobacco use disorder found 67% and 60% of people remained abstinent at 12 and ≥16 months of follow-up [54].”
From Psilocybin‐assisted psychotherapy for methamphetamine use disorder: A pilot open‐label safety and feasibility study. (2025) · cites this paper as [54]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These findings demonstrate the likely feasibility of conducting such treatment in a substance use disorder [25,54].”
From Psilocybin‐assisted psychotherapy for methamphetamine use disorder: A pilot open‐label safety and feasibility study. (2025) · cites this paper as [54]
In the citing paper
“In an open-label pilot study, 12 out of 15 treatment-seeking smokers were nicotine abstinent 6 months after two to three administrations of psilocybin (26).”
From Modulation of Social Cognition via Hallucinogens and “Entactogens” (2019) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“Facilitating the reconnection with their social environment via increased emotional empathy may therefore contribute to clinical efficacy of hallucinogens shown in preliminary studies with addicted patients (24, 26).”
From Modulation of Social Cognition via Hallucinogens and “Entactogens” (2019) · cites this paper as [26]
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Cites
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Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 914
Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy: A Review of a Novel Treatment for Psychiatric Disorders
Thomas, K., Malcolm, B., & Lastra, D. (2017) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2017.1320734 · Cited by 75
Why MDMA therapy for alcohol use disorder? And why now?
Sessa, B. (2017) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.11.004 · Cited by 63
“Another recent psychedelic-assisted research study for treating other substance use disorders was a small psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy pilot study for nicotine use disorder, which produced abstinence rates from cigarette smoking that far exceeded those of current available nicotine cessation treatments (Johnson e…”
Psilocybin lacks antidepressant-like effect in the Flinders Sensitive Line rat
Jefsen, O. H., Højgaard, K., Christiansen, S. L., Elfving, B., Nutt, D., Wegener, G., & Müller, H. K. (2019) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1017/neu.2019.15 · Cited by 64
“…serotonin receptor agonist found in ‘magic mushrooms’, has shown a promising therapeutic potential for treatment-resistant depression (Carhart-Harris et al., 2016), end-oflife anxiety (Griffiths et al., 2016; Ross et al., 2016), and addiction (Johnson et al., 2014; Bogenschutz et al., 2015).”
BackgroundSelf-transcendent experience: a grounded theory study
Garcia‐Romeu, A., Himelstein, S., & Kaminker, J. (2014) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/1468794114550679 · Cited by 74
“…method of inducing profound, transcendent altered states of consciousness that may hold considerable therapeutic potential (Gasser et al., 2014; Griffiths et al., 2006, 2008, 2011; Grob et al., 2011; Johnson et al., 2014; Krebs and Johansen, 2012, 2013; MacLean et al., 2011; Moreno et al., 2006).”
MethodSelf-citationJones, G. M., & Nock, M. K. (2022) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811211058923 · Cited by 65
“In addition to treating anxiety and depression, classic psychedelics also have demonstrated efficacy at treating substance use disorders, another key antecedent of STBs (Bogenschutz et al., 2015; Bohnert et al., 2017; Harris and Barraclough, 1997; Johnson et al., 2014; Wilcox et al., 2004).”
BackgroundBarrett, F. S., Robbins, H., Smooke, D., Brown, J. L., & Griffiths, R. R. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01238 · Cited by 75
“There has been a recent resurgence of this line of therapeutic research, with reports demonstrating potential therapeutic benefits of psychedelics for mood disorders and addiction (Grob et al., 2011; Johnson et al., 2014; Bogenschutz et al., 2015; Carhart-Harris et al., 2016; Griffiths et al., 2016; Ross et al., 2016).”
BackgroundSelf-citationNeitzke‐Spruill, L. (2019) · Journal of Psychedelic Studies · doi:10.1556/2054.2019.022 · Cited by 61
Argento, E., Strathdee, S. A., Tupper, K. W., Braschel, M. C., Wood, E., & Shannon, K. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016025 · Cited by 63
“elevated ratings of personal meaningfulness, well-being and life satisfaction.(58) Randomised control trials in the”
BackgroundPsychedelics and Consciousness: Distinctions, Demarcations, and Opportunities
Yaden, D. B., Johnson, M. W., Griffiths, R. R., Doss, M. K., Garcia‐Romeu, A., Nayak, S. M., Gukasyan, N., Mathur, B. N., & Barrett, F. S. (2021) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyab026 · Cited by 69
Self-citationSmausz, R., Neill, J. C., & Gigg, J. (2022) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811221092508 · Cited by 65
“, 2006), can treat both smoking (Johnson et al., 2014) and alcohol dependence (Bogenschutz et al.”
BackgroundCardiovascular safety of psychedelic medicine: current status and future directions
Wsół, A. (2023) · Pharmacological Reports · doi:10.1007/s43440-023-00539-4 · Cited by 71
SANTOS, R. G. D., Bouso, J. C., Rocha, J. M., Rossi, G. N., & Hallak, J. E. C. (2021) · Risk Management and Healthcare Policy · doi:10.2147/rmhp.s300656 · Cited by 73
“Psilocybin produced positive effects in open-label trials for the treatment of alcohol and tobacco dependence.(20,21) Although there is less recent research with LSD, a recent meta-analysis of early studies in the 1960–70s provided evidence that it can be useful to treat of alcohol use disorder,(22) and other studies…”
ResultWolff, M., Mertens, L. J., Walter, M., Enge, S., & Evens, R. (2022) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811211073758 · Cited by 58
“…chronic or terminal illness (Agin-Liebes et al., 2020; Anderson et al., 2020; Gasser et al., 2014; Griffiths et al., 2016; Grob et al., 2011; Ross et al., 2016), obsessive-compulsive disorder (Moreno et al., 2006), and substance use disorders (Bogenschutz et al., 2015; Johnson et al., 2014, 2017).”
BackgroundEffects of psilocybin versus escitalopram on rumination and thought suppression in depression
Barba, T., Buehler, S., Kettner, H., Radu, C., Cunha, B. G., Nutt, D. J., Erritzøe, D., Roseman, L., & Carhart-Harris, R. L. (2022) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2022.565 · Cited by 62
The Emerging Field of Psychedelic Psychotherapy
Barber, G., & Aaronson, S. T. (2022) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-022-01363-y · Cited by 68
Kopra, E. I., Ferris, J., WINSTOCK, A. R., Kuypers, K. P. C., Young, A. H., & Rucker, J. (2023) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811231158245 · Cited by 67
“In both the present study and previous clinical trials, favourable outcomes have also been observed with moderate doses or less intense experiences (Gasser et al., 2015; Grob et al., 2011; Johnson et al., 2014; Moreno et al., 2006; Nielson et al., 2018; Roseman et al., 2018), which may provide a suitable alternative f…”
BackgroundResultDay trip to hell: A mixed methods study of challenging psychedelic experiences
Johnstad, P. G. (2021) · Journal of Psychedelic Studies · doi:10.1556/2054.2021.00155 · Cited by 61
“This dynamic may be relevant for the positive therapeutic effect from psyche-delic experiences on issues of substance dependence (e.g., Bogenschutz et al., 2015; Johnson et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMendes, F. R., Costa, C. D. S., Wiltenburg, V. D., Morales-Lima, G., Fernandes, J. A. B., & Filev, R. (2022) · Addiction Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100025 · Cited by 67
Petranker, R., Anderson, T., Maier, L. J., Barratt, M. J., Ferris, J., & WINSTOCK, A. R. (2020) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881120953994 · Cited by 66
“Evidence is mounting that large doses of substances such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin-containing ‘magic’ mushrooms can help treat depression (Ross et al., 2016), anxiety (Grob et al., 2011) and substance use (Johnson et al., 2014).”
BackgroundReckweg, J., Mason, N. L., van Leeuwen, C., Toennes, S. W., Terwey, T. H., & Ramaekers, J. G. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.760671 · Cited by 58
Psychedelic-induced mystical experiences: An interdisciplinary discussion and critique
Mosurinjohn, S. C., Roseman, L., & Girn, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1077311 · Cited by 64
Microdosing psilocybin for chronic pain: a case series
Lyes, M., Yang, K. H., Castellanos, J. P., & Furnish, T. J. (2022) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002778 · Cited by 56
Risk of bias in randomized clinical trials on psychedelic medicine: A systematic review
Hovmand, O. R., Poulsen, E. D., Arnfred, S., & Storebø, O. J. (2023) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811231180276 · Cited by 63
“…on 10 unique trials (Bogenschutz et al., 2022; Carhart-Harris et al., 2021; Gasser et al., 2014; Goodwin et al., 2022; Grob et al., 2011; Holze et al., 2022; Johnson et al., 2014; Moreno et al., 2006; Palhano-Fontes et al., 2019; Ross et al., 2016) (see Figure 1 for the PRISMA flow diagram).”
BackgroundInfluentialHolze, F., Singh, N., Liechti, M. E., & D’Souza, D. C. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.01.007 · Cited by 62
Evens, R., Schmidt, M. E., Majić, T., & Schmidt, T. T. (2023) · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/20451253231172254 · Cited by 56
“Study selection The process for selecting studies included the following steps: (1) combination of search results from the two databases, (2) removal of duplicates, (3) screening of titles and abstracts, and (4) assessment of full-text articles to check for study eligibility.”
BackgroundMethodLeger, R. F., & Unterwald, E. M. (2021) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811211044688 · Cited by 61
“…health conditions from anxiety and depression (Barrett et al., 2020; Griffiths et al., 2016; Grob et al., 2011; Luoma et al., 2020) to substance use (Bogenschutz et al., 2015; DiVito and Leger, 2020; Garcia-Romeu et al., 2019; Johnson et al., 2014; Krebs and Johansen, 2012; Noorani et al., 2018).”
BackgroundPsychedelic pleasures: An affective understanding of the joys of tripping
Bøhling, F. (2017) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.07.017 · Cited by 62
Perkins, D., Opaleye, E. S., Šimonová, H., Bouso, J. C., Tófoli, L. F., Coelho, N. L. G., Schubert, V., & Sarris, J. J. (2021) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/dar.13348 · Cited by 54
Jones, G. M., Ricard, J., Lipson, J., & Nock, M. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-08085-4 · Cited by 52
Opioid use disorder: current trends and potential treatments
Lee, Y. K., Gold, M. S., Blum, K., Thanos, P. K., Hanna, C., & Fuehrlein, B. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1274719 · Cited by 59
Close, J. B., Hajien, E. C., Watts, R., Roseman, L., & Carhart-Harris, R. L. (2020) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.01.005 · Cited by 54
Biocatalytic Production of Psilocybin and Derivatives in Tryptophan Synthase‐Enhanced Reactions
Blei, F., Baldeweg, F., Fricke, J., & Hoffmeister, D. (2018) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.201801047 · Cited by 53
Agin-Liebes, G., Nielson, E. M., Zingman, M., Kim, K., Haas, A., Owens, L. T., Rogers, U. A., & Bogenschutz, M. P. (2023) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000935 · Cited by 60
Doss, M. K., May, D. G., Johnson, M. W., Clifton, J. M., Hedrick, S. L., Prisinzano, T. E., Griffiths, R. R., & Barrett, F. S. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-73216-8 · Cited by 50
Self-citationPsychedelics and creativity: a review of the quantitative literaturePreprint
Baggott, M. J. (2015) · doi:10.7287/peerj.preprints.1202v1 · Cited by 57
“For example, recent trials of psychedelics in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder, drug dependence, and anxiety have occurred or are underway (New York University, 2010; Grob et al., 2011; Bogenschutz et al., 2015; Johnson et al., 2014) and articles have called for research into psychedelics’ effects on creati…”
BackgroundCarhart-Harris, R. L., Wagner, A. C., Agrawal, M., Kettner, H., Rosenbaum, J. F., Gazzaley, A., Nutt, D. J., & Erritzoe, D. (2022) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811211008567 · Cited by 51
“…has shown promise for a range of different mental health conditions, including: (1) depression (CarhartHarris et al., 2016; Davis et al., 2020), (2) end-of-life anxiety (Griffiths et al., 2016), (3) addiction (Johnson et al., 2014) and (4) obsessive compulsive disorder (Moreno et al., 2006).”
BackgroundIsness: Using Multi-Person VR to Design Peak Mystical Type Experiences Comparable to Psychedelics
Glowacki, D. R., Wonnacott, M. D., Freire, R., Glowacki, B. R., Gale, E. M., Pike, J. E., de Haan, T., Chatziapostolou, M., & Metatla, O. (2020) · Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3313831.3376649 · Cited by 54
The Effects of Hallucinogens on Gene Expression
Martin, D. A., & Nichols, C. D. (2017) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2017_479 · Cited by 59
“Renewed clinical interest in these drugs has followed along this path in recent years, and a small group of studies has been performed using psilocybin as an anxiolytic/antidepressant in terminal cancer patients, as a treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder, and as a treatment for nicotine addiction (Moreno et al.…”
BackgroundWhelan, A., & Johnson, M. I. (2018) · Pain Management · doi:10.2217/pmt-2017-0068 · Cited by 51
Self-citationYaden, D. B., Berghella, A. P., Regier, P. S., Garcia‐Romeu, A., Johnson, M. W., & Hendricks, P. S. (2021) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103380 · Cited by 55
Self-citationLysergic acid diethylamide: a drug of ‘use’?
Das, S., Barnwal, P., Ramasamy, A., Sen, S., & Mondal, S. (2016) · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/2045125316640440 · Cited by 53
Hodge, A. T., Sukpraprut‐Braaten, S., Narlesky, M. R., & Strayhan, R. C. (2022) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2022.2044096 · Cited by 49
Psychedelic therapies reconsidered: compounds, clinical indications, and cautious optimism
Mitchell, J., & Anderson, B. T. (2023) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-023-01656-7 · Cited by 55
“Not only has psilocybin been successfully administered for smoking cessation [51, 54], but, intriguingly, it has also been shown that change in tobacco consumption following psilocybin administration is correlated with the degree of “ mystical-type experience ” reported by study participants, such…”
BackgroundEthnoracial inclusion in clinical trials of psychedelics: a systematic review
Hughes, M. E., & Garcia‐Romeu, A. (2024) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102711 · Cited by 49
Self-citationSweat, N. W., Bates, L. W., & Hendricks, P. S. (2016) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2016.1234090 · Cited by 48
“…end-of-life distress (Gasser et al. 2014; Grob et al. 2011), decrease alcohol misuse (Bogenschutz et al. 2015), promote tobacco smoking cessation (Johnson et al. 2014), relieve treatment-resistant major depression (Carhart-Harris et al. 2016), and trigger durable positive changes to personality…”
BackgroundJones, G. M., & Nock, M. K. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18645-3 · Cited by 48
Toxicology and Analysis of Psychoactive Tryptamines
Malaca, S., Faro, A. F. L., Tamborra, A., Pichini, S., Busardò, F. P., & Huestis, M. A. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21239279 · Cited by 47
Effect of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on reinforcement learning in humans
Kanen, J. W., Luo, Q., Kandroodi, M. R., Cardinal, R. N., Robbins, T. W., Nutt, D. J., Carhart-Harris, R. L., & den Ouden, H. E. M. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291722002963 · Cited by 47
Acute and long-term effects of psilocybin on energy balance and feeding behavior in mice
Fadahunsi, N., Lund, J. T., Breum, A. W., Mathiesen, C. V., Larsen, I. B., Knudsen, G. M., Klein, A. B., & Clemmensen, C. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-02103-9 · Cited by 47
Brennan, B., Kelman, A. R., & Belser, A. (2023) · Psychedelic Medicine · doi:10.1089/psymed.2023.0007 · Cited by 50
Roméo, B., Kervadec, E., Fauvel, B., Strika-Bruneau, L., Amirouche, A., Bezo, A., Piolino, P., & Benyamina, A. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106086 · Cited by 53
Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: Where is the psychotherapy research
Aday, J. S., Horton, D., Fernandes-Osterhold, G., O’Donovan, A., Bradley, E. R., Rosen, R. C., & Woolley, J. D. (2024) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-024-06620-x · Cited by 54
“Yet, the same researchers expressing skepticism of the necessity of psychotherapy in PAP recently published a phase 2 clinical trial (Goodwin et al. 2022) that included (a) trained “therapists” present at each stage of the study intervention, (b) an unpub-lished “therapist manual” guiding therapist interactions with p…”
InfluentialSexton, J. D., Nichols, C. D., & Hendricks, P. S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00896 · Cited by 46
Selby, P. L., & Zawertailo, L. A. (2022) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcp2032393 · Cited by 47
The role of the psychedelic experience in psilocybin treatment for treatment-resistant depression
Goodwin, G. M., Aaronson, S. T., Alvarez, O., Carhart-Harris, R. L., Chai-Rees, J., Croal, M., DeBattista, C., Dunlop, B. W., Feifel, D., Hellerstein, D. J., et al. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.12.061 · Cited by 52
Rodrigues, L. S., Rossi, G. N., Rocha, J. M., Osório, F. D. L., Bouso, J. C., Hallak, J. E. C., & SANTOS, R. G. D. (2021) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-021-01267-7 · Cited by 47
“were evaluated in two open-label studies: one for tobacco [12, 13] and the other for alcohol [10, 14, 15] use disorders.”
MethodPotential benefits and harms: a review of poisonous mushrooms in the world
He, M.-Q., Wang, M., Chen, Z., Deng, W.-Q., Li, T., Vizzini, A., Jeewon, R., Hyde, K. D., & Zhao, R.-L. (2022) · Fungal Biology Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.fbr.2022.06.002 · Cited by 45
Kałużna, A., Schlosser, M., Craste, E. G., Stroud, J., & Cooke, J. E. (2022) · Journal of Psychedelic Studies · doi:10.1556/2054.2022.00199 · Cited by 53
“…has been indicated as an effective tool for reducing depression, anxiety, and anhedonia (Carhart-Harris et al., 2016, 2017) in addition to nicotine (Johnson et al., 2014, 2017), alcohol (Bogenschutz et al., 2015, 2018) and opioid dependence (Brown & Alper, 2018), as well as distress related to…”
Borkel, L. F., Rojas‐Hernández, J., Henríquez‐Hernández, L. A., Santana, Á., & Hernández, D. J. Q. (2023) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1080/17512433.2023.2295997 · Cited by 50
“…LSD, DMT and ketamine [4], obsessive-compulsive disorder with psilocybin [5], eating disorders with ketamine [6], tobacco addiction with psilocybin [7,8], alcohol addiction with psilocybin, mescaline, DMT, ibogaine, ketamine and LSD [9–11], social anxiety with MDMA, anxiety associated with…”
BackgroundJaster, A. M., Elder, H., Marsh, S. A., Revenga, M. D. L. F., Negus, S. S., & González‐Maeso, J. (2022) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-022-06092-x · Cited by 45
Bouso, J. C., Pedrero-Pérez, E. J., Gandy, S., & Alcázar-Córcoles, M. Á. (2016) · Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.2545 · Cited by 48
“, 2012); and the psychotherapeutic potential of psilocybin (Johnson et al., 2014; Bogenschutz et al., 2016) and LSD (Gasser et al.”
BackgroundJones, G. M., & Nock, M. K. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-06580-2 · Cited by 47
The need for establishing best practices and gold standards in psychedelic medicine
Feduccia, A. A., Agin-Liebes, G., Price, C. M., Grinsell, N., Paradise, S., & Rabin, D. M. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.083 · Cited by 44
Sakloth, F., Leggett, E., Moerke, M. J., Townsend, E. A., Banks, M. L., & Negus, S. S. (2019) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000253 · Cited by 47
Direct Phosphorylation of Psilocin Enables Optimized cGMP Kilogram-Scale Manufacture of Psilocybin
Kargbo, R. B., Sherwood, A. M., Walker, A., Cozzi, N. V., Dagger, R. E., Sable, J., O’Hern, K., Kaylo, K. W., Patterson, T., Tarpley, G., et al. (2020) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.0c02387 · Cited by 45
Studies with psychedelic drugs in human volunteers
Sellers, E. M., Romach, M. K., & Leiderman, D. B. (2018) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.11.029 · Cited by 42
Schipper, S., Nigam, K. B., Schmid, Y., Piechotta, V., Ljuslin, M., Beaussant, Y., Schwarzer, G., & Boehlke, C. S. (2024) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd015383.pub2 · Cited by 44
CE: Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy
Penn, A., Dorsen, C. G., Hope, S., & Rosa, W. E. (2021) · AJN American Journal of Nursing · doi:10.1097/01.naj.0000753464.35523.29 · Cited by 42
Psychotherapy with Psilocybin for Depression: Systematic Review
Dawood-Hristova, J. J., & Pérez‐Jover, V. (2023) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs13040297 · Cited by 49
Personality change in a trial of psilocybin therapy v. escitalopram treatment for depression
Weiss, B., Ginige, I., Shannon, L., Giribaldi, B., Murphy-Beiner, A., Murphy, R., Baker-Jones, M., Martell, J., Nutt, D. J., Carhart-Harris, R. L., et al. (2023) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291723001514 · Cited by 48
Morgan, C. J. A., McAndrew, A., Stevens, T., Nutt, D., & Lawn, W. (2016) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.10.009 · Cited by 42
“Psilocybin has been investigated as a tool to treat nicotine addiction (11) and alcohol dependence (12).”
Kuc, J., Kettner, H., Rosas, F. E., Erritzøe, D., Haijen, E. C. H. M., Kaelen, M., Nutt, D., & Carhart-Harris, R. L. (2021) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-021-05999-1 · Cited by 41
Koslowski, M., Johnson, M. W., Gründer, G., & Betzler, F. (2021) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-021-00401-8 · Cited by 42
“However, as discussed below, the studies addressing alcohol and tobacco dependence included a variety of classical psychotherapeutic elements, which took place not in the dosing session itself but rather in the preparation and integration sessions [14, 15].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationToward Mapping Neurobehavioral Heterogeneity of Psychedelic Neurobiology in Humans
Moujaes, F., Preller, K. H., Ji, J. L., Murray, J. D., Berkovitch, L., Vollenweider, F. X., & Anticevic, A. (2022) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.10.021 · Cited by 38
The fibrinolytic system: A new target for treatment of depression with psychedelics
Idell, R. D., Florova, G., Komissarov, A. A., Shetty, S., Girard, R., & Idell, S. (2017) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2017.01.013 · Cited by 40
“Small pilot studies in humans have shown efficacy of psilocybin in the treatment of anxiety in advanced stage cancer [86], as well as tobacco [87] and alcohol addiction [88].”
BackgroundTaking Different Roads: l ‐Tryptophan as the Origin of Psilocybe Natural Products
Lenz, C., Sherwood, A. M., Kargbo, R. B., & Hoffmeister, D. (2020) · ChemPlusChem · doi:10.1002/cplu.202000581 · Cited by 43
Increased low-frequency brain responses to music after psilocybin therapy for depression
Wall, M. B., Lam, C., Ertl, N., Kaelen, M., Roseman, L., Nutt, D. J., & Carhart-Harris, R. L. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.081 · Cited by 44
Current Perspective on the Therapeutic Preset for Substance-Assisted Psychotherapy
Thal, S. B., Bright, S. J., Sharbanee, J. M., Wenge, T., & Skeffington, P. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.617224 · Cited by 38
“Recent research has used the psychedelic approach (Bogenschutz et al., 2018; Nielson and Guss, 2018) as treatment for conditions such as addiction disorders and depression (Johnson et al., 2014; Bogenschutz et al., 2015; Carhart-Harris et al., 2016; Griffiths et al., 2016).”
BackgroundMethodEnzymatic Route toward 6‐Methylated Baeocystin and Psilocybin
Fricke, J., Sherwood, A. M., Kargbo, R. B., Orry, A. J. W., Blei, F., Naschberger, A., Rupp, B., & Hoffmeister, D. (2019) · ChemBioChem · doi:10.1002/cbic.201900358 · Cited by 39
Psychedelic treatment of functional neurological disorder: a systematic review
Butler, M., Seynaeve, M., Nicholson, T. R., Pick, S., Kanaan, R., Lees, A. J., Young, A. H., & Rucker, J. (2020) · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/2045125320912125 · Cited by 39
Castro Santos, H., & Gama Marques, J. (2021) · Porto Biomedical Journal · doi:10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000128 · Cited by 37
“An open-label pilot study researched the safety and preliminary efficacy of psilocybin on treating tobacco addiction.(48) This study included 15 subjects that smoked a minimum of 10 cigarettes a day, that had multiple unsuccessful quit attempts and that still showed desire to stop smoking.”
BackgroundKnowledge, Perceptions, and Use of Psychedelics among Individuals with Fibromyalgia
Glynos, N. G., Pierce, J. M., Davis, A. K., McAfee, J., & Boehnke, K. F. (2022) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2021.2022817 · Cited by 42
Response Flexibility: The Role of the Lateral Habenula
Hones, V. I., & Mizumori, S. J. Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.852235 · Cited by 41
“In support of this, psilocybin administration has proven effective in drug-resistant depression (Carhart-Harris et al., 2018), and addiction (Johnson et al., 2014).”
BackgroundCatalysts for change: the cellular neurobiology of psychedelics
Banks, M. I., Zahid, Z., Jones, N., Sultan, Z. W., & Wenthur, C. J. (2021) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e20-05-0340 · Cited by 45
“, 2020), substance use (Johnson et al., 2014; Bogenschutz et al., 2015), and obsessive-compulsive disorders (Moreno et al.”
BackgroundSakurai, H., Yonezawa, K., Tani, H., Mimura, M., Bauer, M., & Uchida, H. (2022) · Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1055/a-1714-9097 · Cited by 40
“Some clinical trials have demonstrated the safety, efficacy, and tolerability of (1) 3,4-methyl enedioxy methamphetamine and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) for treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder [46–48]; (2) psilocybin for the obsessivecompulsive disorder [49], (3) alcohol abuse [50], (4) smoking cess…”
BackgroundPsilocybin history, action and reaction: A narrative clinical review
Sharma, P., Nguyen, Q. A., Matthews, S. J., Carpenter, E., Matthews, D. B., Patten, C. A., & Hammond, C. J. (2023) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811231190858 · Cited by 44
Argento, E., Braschel, M. C., Walsh, Z., Socias, M. E., & Shannon, K. (2018) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881118798610 · Cited by 38
“…mystical-type experience was significantly correlated with high success in tobacco smoking cessation in a preliminary study of psilocybinassisted therapy: 80% abstinence rates were observed at sixmonth follow-up and 67% at 12-month follow-up (Garcia-Romeu et al., 2014; Johnson et al., 2014, 2017).”
InfluentialPsilocybin: From Serendipity to Credibility?
Rucker, J., & Young, A. H. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.659044 · Cited by 37
Pepe, M., Hesami, M., de la Cerda, K. A., Perreault, M. L., Hsiang, T., & Jones, A. M. P. (2023) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108247 · Cited by 36
The Treatment of Substance Use Disorders: Recent Developments and New Perspectives
Rosenthal, A., Ebrahimi, C., Wedemeyer, F., Romanczuk‐Seiferth, N., & Beck, A. (2022) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000525268 · Cited by 44
Seeking the Psilocybiome: Psychedelics meet the microbiota-gut-brain axis
Kelly, J. R., Clarke, G. A., Harkin, A., Corr, S. C., Galvin, S. D., Pradeep, V., Cryan, J. F., O’Keane, V., & Dinan, T. G. (2022) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100349 · Cited by 40
The History of Psychedelics in Medicine
Sessa, B. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-55214-4_96-1 · Cited by 44
“In the field of addictions psychedelic therapies progress with the publication of psilocybin studies for nicotine (Johnson et al. 2014) and alcoholism (Bogenschutz et al. 2015).”
BackgroundTorrens-Spence, M. P., Liu, C., Pluskal, T., Chung, Y. K., & Weng, J. (2018) · ACS Chemical Biology · doi:10.1021/acschembio.8b00821 · Cited by 36
Dourron, H. M., Strauss, C. K., & Hendricks, P. S. (2022) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pharmrev.121.000514 · Cited by 35
“Higher mystical experience scores have been correlated with better treatment outcomes of psilocybin-assisted therapy for substance use (Bogenschutz et al., 2015; Johnson et al., 2014) and anxiety and depression in cancer patients (Griffiths et al.”
BackgroundChadeayne, A. R., Pham, D. N. K., Reid, B. G., Golen, J. A., & Manke, D. R. (2020) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.0c02208 · Cited by 35
Jahn, Z. W., Lopez, J., de la Salle, S., Faber, S. C., & Williams, M. T. (2021) · Journal of Psychedelic Studies · doi:10.1556/2054.2021.00166 · Cited by 35
“…are particularly effective in treating disorders when paired with psychotherapy in a clinical setting, such as PTSD (Mithoefer et al., 2019), depression (Davis et al., 2020), end-of-life anxiety (Griffiths et al., 2016), and substance use disorders (Johnson et al., 2014; Sessa et al., 2021).”
BackgroundCastelhano, J., Lima, G., Teixeira, M., Soares, C., Pais, M. L., & Castelo-Branco, M. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.739053 · Cited by 41
“…disorder (Mitchell et al., 2021), treatmentresistant depression (Carhart-Harris et al., 2016a; Palhano-Fontes et al., 2019), substance addictions (Johnson et al., 2014; Bogenschutz et al., 2015); obsessive-compulsive disorder (Moreno et al., 2006); anxiety associated with life-threatening…”
BackgroundLiechti, M. E., & Holze, F. (2021) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2021_270 · Cited by 37
Søndergaard, A., Madsen, M. K., Ozenne, B., Armand, S., Knudsen, G. M., Fisher, P. M., & Stenbæk, D. S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.948729 · Cited by 37
Pagni, B. A., Petridis, P. D., Podrebarac, S. K., Grinband, J., Claus, E. D., & Bogenschutz, M. P. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-52967-8 · Cited by 37
Metadata
- Authors
- Johnson, M. W., Garcia-Romeu, A., Cosimano, M. P., & Griffiths, R. R.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Venue
- Journal of Psychopharmacology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-09-11
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 983-992
- ISSN
- 0269-8811 (ISSN-L)
- 1461-7285
- PMC
- PMC4286320
- OpenAlex
- W2122459973
- Cited by
- 914
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 71 · 2025: 130 · 2024: 126 · 2023: 112 · 2022: 121 · 2021: 94 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 41.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- World Health Organization
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA003889, T32DA007209)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- psilocybin, tobacco dependence, smoking cessation, nicotine dependence, hallucinogens, 5-HT2A receptor agonists, adjunctive therapy, abstinence, treatment safety and feasibility
- MeSH terms
- Attitude, Carbon Monoxide, Combined Modality Therapy, Cotinine, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Psilocybin, Tobacco Use Disorder, Biomarkers, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Smoking Cessation, Behavior, Addictive, Treatment Outcome, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Nicotinic Agonists
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