The DOI matches its Crossref record; 64 of the 64 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Pilot study of the 5-HT 2A R agonist psilocybin in the treatment of tobacco addiction
Open accessAbstract
Despite suggestive early findings on the therapeutic use of hallucinogens in the treatment of substance use disorders, rigorous follow-up has not been conducted. To determine the safety and feasibility of psilocybin as an adjunct to tobacco smoking cessation treatment we conducted an open-label pilot study administering moderate (20 mg/70 kg) and high (30 mg/70 kg) doses of psilocybin within a structured 15-week smoking cessation treatment protocol. Participants were 15 psychiatrically healthy nicotine-dependent smokers (10 males; mean age of 51 years), with a mean of six previous lifetime quit attempts, and smoking a mean of 19 cigarettes per day for a mean of 31 years at intake. Biomarkers assessing smoking status, and self-report measures of smoking behavior demonstrated that 12 of 15 participants (80%) showed seven-day point prevalence abstinence at 6-month follow-up. The observed smoking cessation rate substantially exceeds rates commonly reported for other behavioral and/or pharmacological therapies (typically <35%). Although the open-label design does not allow for definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy of psilocybin, these findings suggest psilocybin may be a potentially efficacious adjunct to current smoking cessation treatment models. The present study illustrates a framework for future research on the efficacy and mechanisms of hallucinogen-facilitated treatment of addiction.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Psychedelic-assisted therapies currently offer one of the most robust experimental models for eliciting ST, frequently occasioning ego-dissolution and mystical-type experiences that are associated with sustained reductions in depression, anxiety, and addictive behaviors (97, 106).”
From The therapeutic role of self-transcendence in moral injury recovery: theory, mechanisms, and clinical implications (2026) · cites this paper as [106]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“A single-arm pilot study of PAT to treat tobacco use disorder found 67% and 60% of people remained abstinent at 12 and ≥16 months of follow-up [54].”
From Psilocybin‐assisted psychotherapy for methamphetamine use disorder: A pilot open‐label safety and feasibility study. (2025) · cites this paper as [54]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These findings demonstrate the likely feasibility of conducting such treatment in a substance use disorder [25,54].”
From Psilocybin‐assisted psychotherapy for methamphetamine use disorder: A pilot open‐label safety and feasibility study. (2025) · cites this paper as [54]
In the citing paper
“In an open-label pilot study, 12 out of 15 treatment-seeking smokers were nicotine abstinent 6 months after two to three administrations of psilocybin (26).”
From Modulation of Social Cognition via Hallucinogens and “Entactogens” (2019) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“Facilitating the reconnection with their social environment via increased emotional empathy may therefore contribute to clinical efficacy of hallucinogens shown in preliminary studies with addicted patients (24, 26).”
From Modulation of Social Cognition via Hallucinogens and “Entactogens” (2019) · cites this paper as [26]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire
HEATHERTON, T. F., KOZLOWSKI, L. T., FRECKER, R. C., & FAGERSTROM, K. (1991) · British Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x · Cited by 10,738 · cited 1×
“The Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD; formerly Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence) is a 6-item questionnaire widely used to characterize the level of dependence of cigarette smokers (Fagerström, 2012; Heatherton et al., 1991).”
Method(2008) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,477
The Health consequences of smoking—50 years of progress : a report of the Surgeon General
Lushniak, B. D., Samet, J. M., Pechacek, T. F., Norman, L., & Taylor, P. A. (2014) · Cited by 4,990
Sobell, L. C., & Sobell, M. B. (1992) · Measuring Alcohol Consumption · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-0357-5_3 · Cited by 4,110 · cited 1×
“The TLFB is a self-report calendar completed retrospectively by participants indicating the number of cigarettes smoked each day (Sobell and Sobell, 1992).”
BackgroundThe Health Consequences of Smoking -- 50 Years of progress: A Report of the Surgeon General
General, U. S. S. (2014) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e510072014-001 · Cited by 3,368
Biochemical verification of tobacco use and cessation
Benowitz, N. L., III, P. J., Ahijevych, K., Jarvis, M. J., Hall, S., LeHouezec, J., Hansson, A., Lichtenstein, E., Henningfield, J., Tsoh, J., et al. (2002) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/14622200210123581 · Cited by 1,800 · cited 1×
“Two measures of recent smoking, exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) and urinary cotinine level (Benowitz et al., 2002), were assessed at intake, weekly throughout the intervention, and at 6-month follow-up.”
Griffiths, R. R., Richards, W. A., McCann, U., & Jesse, R. (2006) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0457-5 · Cited by 1,684 · cited 7×
“This 100- item questionnaire has previously been used to characterize the subjective effects of psilocybin (Griffiths et al., 2006, 2011).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationJorenby, D. E. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.296.1.56 · Cited by 1,635 · cited 3×
“For example, when paired with 12 brief weekly counseling meetings, pharmacotherapies have shown seven-day point prevalence abstinence rates of 24.9% to 26.3% (bupropion) and 33.5% to 35.2% (varenicline) at approximately 6 months post-TQD (Gonzales et al., 2006; Jorenby et al., 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialGonzales, D. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.296.1.47 · Cited by 1,361 · cited 3×
“For example, when paired with 12 brief weekly counseling meetings, pharmacotherapies have shown seven-day point prevalence abstinence rates of 24.9% to 26.3% (bupropion) and 33.5% to 35.2% (varenicline) at approximately 6 months post-TQD (Gonzales et al., 2006; Jorenby et al., 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialCarhart-Harris, R. L., Leech, R., Hellyer, P. J., Shanahan, M., Feilding, A., Tagliazucchi, E., Chialvo, D. R., & Nutt, D. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00020 · Cited by 1,252 · cited 1×
“Several plausible mechanisms of hallucinogen-facilitated treatments have been proposed (Bogenschutz and Pommy, 2012; Carhart-Harris et al., 2012, 2014; Ross, 2012; Vollenweider and Kometer, 2010).”
Background
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Griffiths RR, 1980, Adv Subst Abuse, 1, 1
- Marks DF, 1993, The QUIT FOR LIFE Programme: An easier way to stop smoking and not start again
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2005, LSD NIDA Infofacts
- World Health Organization, 2011, WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2011: Warning about the dangers of tobacco
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Nichols, D. E. (2016) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.115.011478 · Cited by 1,762
“In a follow-up to the report by Johnson et al. (2014), Garcia-Romeu et al. (2014) reported that abstainers scored significantly higher on a measure of psilocybinoccasioned mystical experience.”
BackgroundRoss, S., Bossis, A., Guss, J., Agin-Liebes, G., Malone, T., Cohen, B., Mennenga, S. E., Belser, A., Kalliontzi, K., Babb, J., et al. (2016) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881116675512 · Cited by 1,698
“It is further corroborated by recent open-label trials using psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy to treat tobacco addiction (Garcia-Romeu et al., 2014; Johnson et al., 2014) and alcoholism (Bogenschutz et al.”
BackgroundCarhart-Harris, R. L., Bolstridge, M., Rucker, J., Day, C. M. J., Erritzoe, D., Kaelen, M., Bloomfield, M., Rickard, J. A., Forbes, B., Feilding, A., et al. (2016) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30065-7 · Cited by 1,540
Psilocybin-assisted treatment for alcohol dependence: A proof-of-concept study
Bogenschutz, M. P., Forcehimes, A. A., Pommy, J. A., Wilcox, C. E., Barbosa, P., & Strassman, R. J. (2015) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881114565144 · Cited by 1,151
“A recent pilot study of psilocybin as an adjunct in smoking cessation treatment resulted in remarkable rates of abstinence (80% point abstinence at 6-month follow-up) (Johnson et al., 2014).”
Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: six-month follow-up
Carhart-Harris, R. L., Bolstridge, M., Day, C. M. J., Rucker, J., Watts, R., Erritzoe, D. E., Kaelen, M., Giribaldi, B., Bloomfield, M., Pilling, S., et al. (2018) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4771-x · Cited by 970
“Psilocybin has shown promise in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder (Moreno et al. 2006), alcohol (Bogenschutz et al. 2015) and tobacco addiction (Johnson et al. 2014) and anxiety related to terminal diagnoses (Griffiths et al. 2016; Ross et al. 2016; Grob et al. 2011).”
BackgroundNeural correlates of the LSD experience revealed by multimodal neuroimaging
Carhart-Harris, R. L., Muthukumaraswamy, S., Roseman, L., Kaelen, M., Droog, W., Murphy, K., Tagliazucchi, E., Schenberg, E. E., Nest, T., Orban, C., et al. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1518377113 · Cited by 859
Bogenschutz, M. P., Ross, S., Bhatt, S., Baron, T., Forcehimes, A. A., Laska, E., Mennenga, S. E., O’Donnell, K., Owens, L. T., Podrebarac, S., et al. (2022) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.2096 · Cited by 711
The Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelic Drugs: Past, Present, and Future
Carhart-Harris, R. L., & Goodwin, G. M. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.84 · Cited by 706
“…clinical development of psychedelics, RLC-H sees it as a potentially exploitable component—especially as it has been shown to be predictive of long-term clinical outcomes (eg, in Johnson et al, 2014; Bogenschutz et al, 2015; Griffiths et al, 2016; Ross et al, 2016; Carhart-Harris et al, 2016a,b).”
BackgroundLong-term follow-up of psilocybin-facilitated smoking cessation
Johnson, M. W., Garcia-Romeu, A., & Griffiths, R. R. (2017) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.3109/00952990.2016.1170135 · Cited by 696
“Consistent with previously published data (4), no participants reported an increase in bothersome visual”
InfluentialSelf-citationValidation of the revised Mystical Experience Questionnaire in experimental sessions with psilocybin
Barrett, F. S., Johnson, M. W., & Griffiths, R. R. (2015) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881115609019 · Cited by 637
“While the bulk of MEQ data reported to date (Griffiths et al., 2006, 2011; Johnson et al., 2014; MacLean et al., 2012) were collected using the MEQ43 embedded within the full 100-item SOCQ, the second study in the original development of the MEQ30 (MacLean et al., 2012) validated the factor…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationPsychedelics and Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy
Reiff, C. M., Richman, E. E., Nemeroff, C. B., Carpenter, L. L., Widge, A. S., Rodriguez, C. I., Kalin, N. H., McDonald, W. M., & and the Work Group on Biomarkers and Novel Treatments, A. D. O. T. A. P. A. C. O. R. (2020) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19010035 · Cited by 649
“Some scales, however, such as the MEQ-30, have been validated in experimental studies with controlled doses of psilocybin (32), although even the MEQ-30 was validated using a narrow range of drug doses and was restricted to one hallucinogenic compound.”
BackgroundInfluentialPsychedelic drugs: neurobiology and potential for treatment of psychiatric disorders
Vollenweider, F. X., & Preller, K. H. (2020) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-020-0367-2 · Cited by 570
Psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression: fMRI-measured brain mechanisms
Carhart-Harris, R. L., Roseman, L., Bolstridge, M., Demetriou, L., Pannekoek, J. N., Wall, M. B., Tanner, M., Kaelen, M., McGonigle, J., Murphy, K., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-13282-7 · Cited by 587
The subjective effects of psychedelics are necessary for their enduring therapeutic effects
Yaden, D. B., & Griffiths, R. R. (2021) · ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science · doi:10.1021/acsptsci.0c00194 · Cited by 541
Self-citationCarbonaro, T. M., Bradstreet, M. P., Barrett, F. S., MacLean, K. A., Jesse, R., Johnson, M. W., & Griffiths, R. R. (2016) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881116662634 · Cited by 596
“The rates and severity of both acute and enduring problems shown in the survey are notably higher than those we and others have observed in laboratory research studies involving administration of high doses of psilocybin to carefully screened, wellprepared, and closely monitored volunteers (e.g. Griffiths et al., 2006…”
InfluentialSelf-citationMadsen, M. K., Fisher, P. M., Burmester, D., Dyssegaard, A., Stenbæk, D. S., Kristiansen, S., Johansen, S. S., Lehel, S., Linnet, K., Svarer, C., et al. (2019) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-019-0324-9 · Cited by 517
Johnson, M. W., Hendricks, P. S., Barrett, F. S., & Griffiths, R. R. (2019) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.11.010 · Cited by 506
Self-citationPsilocybin-Occasioned mystical experiences in the treatment of tobacco addiction.
Garcia-Romeu, A., Griffiths, R., & Johnson, M. (2015) · Current Drug Abuse Reviews · doi:10.2174/1874473708666150107121331 · Cited by 476
“Furthermore, a growing body of evidence suggests that when administered to wellprepared clinical populations in controlled settings, psilocybin and similar drugs may hold considerable therapeutic potential in the treatment of a variety of conditions including end-of-life anxiety, and smoking addiction [20-22].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationEgo-dissolution and psychedelics: validation of the ego-dissolution inventory (EDI).
Nour, M. M., Evans, L., Nutt, D., & Carhart-Harris, R. L. (2016) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00269 · Cited by 470
“The EDI correlated strongly with the MEQ-derived measure of unitive experience (rho = 0.735), demonstrating convergent validity.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHendricks, P. S., Thorne, C. B., Clark, C. B., Coombs, D. W., & Johnson, M. W. (2015) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881114565653 · Cited by 410
“Furthermore, a single-arm trial of smoking cessation involving up to three administrations of psilocybin yielded abstinence rates of 80% at long-term follow-up, more than doubling abstinence rates typical of approved contemporary tobacco dependence interventions (Johnson et al., 2014).”
BackgroundSelf-citationDavis, A. K., Barrett, F. S., & Griffiths, R. R. (2020) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.11.004 · Cited by 375
“For example, consistent with the core processes of ACT, qualitative analysis of first-hand accounts of tobacco smokers in a clinical trial examining the effect of psilocybin-assisted therapy (Noorani et al., 2018; Johnson et al., 2014), suggested that their psychedelic experiences helped them see themselves in the con…”
ResultSelf-citationEmotions and brain function are altered up to one month after a single high dose of psilocybin.
Barrett, F. S., Doss, M. K., Sepeda, N. D., Pekar, J. J., & Griffiths, R. R. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-59282-y · Cited by 375
Self-citationPsychedelics as Medicines: An Emerging New Paradigm
Nichols, D. E., Johnson, M., & Nichols, C. (2016) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt.557 · Cited by 397
“The first modern laboratory study examining a serotonergic psychedelic for addiction was an open-label pilot study that employed psilocybin with manualized cognitive behavioral therapy in 15 treatment-resistant tobacco/nicotine-dependent smokers, conducted by one of the present authors and colleagues.(19) After four p…”
BackgroundSelf-citationBarrett, F. S., Bradstreet, M. P., Leoutsakos, J.-M. S., Johnson, M. W., & Griffiths, R. R. (2016) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881116678781 · Cited by 366
“Approximately 30% of participants in each of three highly controlled experimental studies (total sample: 69 participants and 204 sessions – Griffiths et al., 2006, 2011; Johnson et al., 2014) involving a high dose of psilocybin (0.”
InfluentialSelf-citationDoss, M. K., Považan, M., Rosenberg, M. D., Sepeda, N. D., Davis, A. K., Finan, P. H., Smith, G. S., Pekar, J. J., Barker, P. B., Griffiths, R. R., et al. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01706-y · Cited by 356
“Impairments in cognitive flexibility have been found in depression [9, 10], as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder [11] and substance use disorders [12], which are disorders that may also be amenable to psychedelic therapy [1, 5, 6].”
BackgroundSelf-citationJohnson, M. W., Griffiths, R. R., Hendricks, P. S., & Henningfield, J. E. (2018) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.05.012 · Cited by 354
“Several of the key clinical studies have been primarily supported by private foundations rather than federal institutions such as NIH (Bogenschutz et al., 2015; Griffiths et al., 2016; Johnson et al., 2014; Ross et al., 2016).”
InfluentialSelf-citationAndersen, K. A. A., Carhart‐Harris, R., Nutt, D. J., & Erritzoe, D. (2021) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13249 · Cited by 347
Psychiatry & the psychedelic drugs. Past, present & future
Rucker, J. J. H., Iliff, J., & Nutt, D. J. (2018) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.12.040 · Cited by 343
“…United States, published an open-label pilot trial in 2014 using moderate (20mg/70 kg) and high (30mg/70 kg) doses of psilocybin given to 15 otherwise psychiatrically healthy subjects with tobacco addiction undergoing a structured 15-week smoking cessation treatment (Johnson et al., 2014).”
BackgroundAdverse effects of psychedelics: From anecdotes and misinformation to systematic science
Schlag, A. K., Aday, J. S., Salam, I., Neill, J. C., & Nutt, D. (2022) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811211069100 · Cited by 359
“…psychotherapy) for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) (Moreno et al., 2006), treatment-resistant depression (TRD) (Carhart-Harris et al., 2016), smoking cessation (Johnson et al., 2014) and alcoholism (Bogenschutz et al., 2015), leading to an increasing body of positive evidence being developed.”
BackgroundBlinding and expectancy confounds in psychedelic randomized controlled trials
Muthukumaraswamy, S. D., Forsyth, A., & Lumley, T. (2021) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1080/17512433.2021.1933434 · Cited by 324
LSD‐induced entropic brain activity predicts subsequent personality change
Lebedev, A. V., Kaelen, M., Lövdén, M., Nilsson, J., Feilding, A., Nutt, D. J., & Carhart‐Harris, R. L. (2016) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23234 · Cited by 303
Psychedelics, mystical experience, and therapeutic efficacy: a systematic review
Ko, K., Knight, G., Rucker, J. J., & Cleare, A. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.917199 · Cited by 306
“Of these studies, five investigated substance use disorder, of which two studies explored Alcohol Use Disorder [AUD] (23, 49), two examined tobacco smokers and were based on the same population dataset (51) but with different follow-up periods (34, 50) and, one inspected cocaine dependency (24).”
BackgroundInfluentialdos Santos, R. G., Osório, F. L., Crippa, J. A. S., Riba, J., Zuardi, A. W., & Hallak, J. E. C. (2016) · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/2045125316638008 · Cited by 306
The paradoxical psychological effects of lysergic acid diethylamide LSD
Carhart-Harris, R. L., Kaelen, M., Bolstridge, M., Williams, T. M., Williams, L. T., Underwood, R., Feilding, A., & Nutt, D. J. (2016) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291715002901 · Cited by 293
“Clinical improvements have been observed with psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for the treatment of tobacco (Johnson et al. 2014) and alcohol addiction (Bogenschutz et al.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPsychedelics not linked to mental health problems or suicidal behavior: A population study
Johansen, P.-Ø., & Krebs, T. S. (2015) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881114568039 · Cited by 330
“There is increasing interest in the therapeutic use of psychedelics, especially for alcoholism (Krebs and Johansen, 2012), smoking cessation (Johnson et al., 2014), depression and other mental health problems (Baumeister et al.”
BackgroundPotential Therapeutic Effects of Psilocybin
Johnson, M. W., & Griffiths, R. R. (2017) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-017-0542-y · Cited by 328
“tive behavioral therapy for smoking cessation [58].”
Self-citationPsychedelic therapy for smoking cessation: qualitative analysis of participant accounts
Noorani, T., Garcia-Romeu, A., Swift, T. C., Griffiths, R. R., & Johnson, M. W. (2018) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881118780612 · Cited by 285
Self-citationDynamic coupling of whole-brain neuronal and neurotransmitter systems
Kringelbach, M. L., Cruzat, J., Cabral, J., Knudsen, G. M., Carhart-Harris, R. L., Whybrow, P. C., Logothetis, N. K., & Deco, G. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1921475117 · Cited by 284
Cessation and reduction in alcohol consumption and misuse after psychedelic use
Garcia-Romeu, A., Davis, A. K., Erowid, F., Erowid, E., Griffiths, R. R., & Johnson, M. W. (2019) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881119845793 · Cited by 225
“…2008; Spitzer et al., 1996; Vollenweider et al., 1997), including a reemergence of clinical research examining psychedelics as potential treatments for addiction (Bogenschutz et al., 2015; Garcia-Romeu et al., 2015, 2016; Johnson et al., 2014, 2017a; Sessa and Johnson, 2015; Tupper et al., 2015).”
BackgroundSelf-citationClassic Hallucinogens and Mystical Experiences: Phenomenology and Neural Correlates
Barrett, F. S., & Griffiths, R. R. (2017) · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2017_474 · Cited by 273
“…first moderate to high-dose session (20 mg/70 kg or greater) for 184 volunteers from a total of 5 psilocybin studies (Griffiths et al. 2006, 2011; Johnson et al. 2014; Griffiths et al. 2016 and an unpublished study in beginning meditators) were pooled and submitted to confirmatory factor…”
InfluentialSelf-citationHalberstadt, A. L., Chatha, M., Klein, A. K., Wallach, J., & Brandt, S. D. (2020) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107933 · Cited by 278
“…potential therapeutic effects of serotonergic hallucinogens, with trials focusing on anxiety and depression (Grob et al., 2011; Griffiths et al., 2016; Ross et al., 2016), substance abuse (Johnson et al. 2014, 2016; Bogenschutz et al., 2015), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (Moreno et al., 2006).”
The hidden therapist: evidence for a central role of music in psychedelic therapy
Kaelen, M., Giribaldi, B., Raine, J., Evans, L., Timmermann, C., Rodriguez, N., Roseman, L., Feilding, A., Nutt, D., & Carhart-Harris, R. L. (2018) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4820-5 · Cited by 303
Reviewing the Potential of Psychedelics for the Treatment of PTSD
Krediet, E., Bostoen, T., Breeksema, J., van Schagen, A., Passie, T., & Vermetten, E. (2020) · International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyaa018 · Cited by 260
Effects of psilocybin therapy on personality structure
Erritzoe, D., Roseman, L., Nour, M. M., MacLean, K., Kaelen, M., Nutt, D. J., & Carhart‐Harris, R. L. (2018) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12904 · Cited by 267
“Recent pilot studies point to the potential of psychedelicassisted therapy to treat conditions including tobacco (15) and alcohol (16) addiction, obsessivecompulsive disorder (17), end of life anxiety/depression (18–20), major depression (21), and TRD (22, 23) – (see Carhart-Harris & Goodwin, 2017 for a review (24)).”
BackgroundInclusion of people of color in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: a review of the literature.
Michaels, T. I., Purdon, J., Collins, A., & Williams, M. T. (2018) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1824-6 · Cited by 265
Classical psychedelics for the treatment of depression and anxiety: A systematic review
Muttoni, S., Ardissino, M., & John, C. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.076 · Cited by 256
Long-term effects of psychedelic drugs: A systematic review
Aday, J. S., Mitzkovitz, C. M., Bloesch, E. K., Davoli, C. C., & Davis, A. K. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.03.017 · Cited by 279
LSD Acutely Impairs Fear Recognition and Enhances Emotional Empathy and Sociality
Dolder, P. C., Schmid, Y., Müller, F., Borgwardt, S., & Liechti, M. E. (2016) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.82 · Cited by 247
“Additionally, psilocybin was recently studied as a treatment for tobacco (Johnson et al, 2014) and alcohol (Bogenschutz et al, 2015) dependence.”
Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy: A Paradigm Shift in Psychiatric Research and Development
Schenberg, E. E. (2018) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00733 · Cited by 270
Therapeutic alliance and rapport modulate responses to psilocybin assisted therapy for depression
Murphy, R., Kettner, H., Zeifman, R., Giribaldi, B., Kartner, L., Martell, J., Read, T., Murphy-Beiner, A., Baker-Jones, M., Nutt, D., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.788155 · Cited by 250
The Therapeutic Potential of Psilocybin
Lowe, H. I. C., Toyang, N. J., Steele, B., Valentine, H., Grant, J., Ali, A., Ngwa, W. F., & Gordon, L. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26102948 · Cited by 282
Novel psychopharmacological therapies for psychiatric disorders: psilocybin and MDMA
Mithoefer, M. C., Grob, C. S., & Brewerton, T. D. (2016) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00576-3 · Cited by 253
Modern clinical research on LSD
Liechti, M. E. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.86 · Cited by 236
“Recent trials investigated psilocybin in patients with alcohol and nicotine use disorder Neuropsychopharmacology (Bogenschutz et al, 2015; Johnson et al, 2014), major depression, and anxiety (Carhart-Harris et al, 2016a; Griffiths et al, 2016; Grob et al, 2011; Ross et al, 2016).”
BackgroundMethodPsychedelics in Psychiatry: Neuroplastic, Immunomodulatory, and Neurotransmitter Mechanisms
Inserra, A., De Gregorio, D., & Gobbi, G. (2021) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pharmrev.120.000056 · Cited by 232
Classic hallucinogens in the treatment of addictions
Bogenschutz, M. P., & Johnson, M. W. (2016) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.03.002 · Cited by 226
“Early-stage clinical trials of psilocybin for nicotine dependence (Johnson et al., 2014) and alcohol dependence (Bogenschutz et al., 2015) have recently been completed, and further trials are currently under way.”
InfluentialSelf-citationAday, J. S., Heifets, B. D., Pratscher, S. D., Bradley, E., Rosen, R., & Woolley, J. D. (2022) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-022-06123-7 · Cited by 237
Psychedelics, personality and political perspectives.
Nour, M. M., Evans, L., & Carhart-Harris, R. L. (2017) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2017.1312643 · Cited by 226
SANTOS, R. G. D., Bouso, J. C., Alcázar‐Córcoles, M. Á., & Hallak, J. E. C. (2018) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1080/17512433.2018.1511424 · Cited by 244
“Evidence from two open-label studies showed improvements in symptoms of tobacco (n = 15 [72], extracted from [55]) and alcohol (n = 10 [73], extracted from [55]) dependence with administration of two psilocybin doses.”
BackgroundDeveloping Guidelines and Competencies for the Training of Psychedelic Therapists
Phelps, J. (2017) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022167817711304 · Cited by 225
“A pilot study looking at psilocybin for the treatment of tobacco addiction found a significant correlation between mystical experience measures and smoking cessation outcomes (Bogenschutz & Johnson, 2016; Johnson et al., 2014).”
BackgroundBreeksema, J. J., Niemeijer, A. R., Krediet, E., Vermetten, E., & Schoevers, R. A. (2020) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-020-00748-y · Cited by 224
Dynamical exploration of the repertoire of brain networks at rest is modulated by psilocybin
Lord, L.-D., Expert, P., Atasoy, S., Roseman, L., Rapuano, K. M., Lambiotte, R., Nutt, D., Deco, G., Carhart-Harris, R. L., Kringelbach, M. L., et al. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.060 · Cited by 221
“Indications of efficacy have been reported for conditions including treatment-resistant depression, anxiety related to end-of-life care and addictive disorders (Griffiths et al., 2006; Grob et al., 2011; Johnson et al., 2014; Carhart-Harris et al., 2016).”
BackgroundAday, J. S., Davis, A. K., Mitzkovitz, C. M., Bloesch, E. K., & Davoli, C. C. (2021) · ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science · doi:10.1021/acsptsci.1c00014 · Cited by 224
DMT Models the Near-Death Experience
Timmermann, C., Roseman, L., Williams, L., Erritzøe, D., Martial, C., Cassol, H., Laureys, S., Nutt, D., & Carhart-Harris, R. L. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01424 · Cited by 243
“, 2018) and recovering addicts (Johnson et al., 2014; Bogenschutz et al., 2015; Bogenschutz and Johnson, 2016) and lasting improvements in psychological well-being in healthy populations (Griffiths et al.”
BackgroundKuypers, K. P. C., Ng, L., Erritzøe, D., Knudsen, G. M., Nichols, C. D., Nichols, D. E., Pani, L., Soula, A., & Nutt, D. (2019) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881119857204 · Cited by 227
Enzymatic Synthesis of Psilocybin
Fricke, J., Blei, F., & Hoffmeister, D. (2017) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201705489 · Cited by 203
Clinical applications of hallucinogens: a review
Garcia-Romeu, A., Kersgaard, B., & Addy, P. H. (2016) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000084 · Cited by 201
“…found that two to three doses of psilocybin (20 mg/70 kg and 30 mg/70 kg) in combination with cognitive–behavioral therapy for smoking cessation resulted in an 80% success rate at 6 months, with 12 of 15 participants demonstrating biologically verified smoking abstinence (Johnson et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialModels of psychedelic drug action: modulation of cortical-subcortical circuits
Doss, M. K., Madden, M. B., Gaddis, A., Nebel, M. B., Griffiths, R. R., Mathur, B. N., & Barrett, F. S. (2021) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awab406 · Cited by 217
Self-citationAlterations of consciousness and mystical-type experiences after acute LSD in humans
Liechti, M. E., Dolder, P. C., & Schmid, Y. (2017) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4453-0 · Cited by 198
Learning to Let Go: A Cognitive-Behavioral Model of How Psychedelic Therapy Promotes Acceptance
Wolff, M., Evens, R., Mertens, L. J., Koslowski, M., Betzler, F., Gründer, G., & Jungaberle, H. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00005 · Cited by 205
“In recent years, several early-phase clinical trials have provided evidence that classic serotonergic psychedelics—in most cases psilocybin, but also lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and the dimethyltryptamine (DMT)-containing brew ayahuasca—may occasion substantial and often sustained symptom reductions in patients t…”
BackgroundGarcia‐Romeu, A., & Richards, W. A. (2018) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2018.1486289 · Cited by 210
“…provides the opportunity to directly experience altered cognitive and emotional states, which can then be leveraged in ongoing counselling to ultimately challenge and replace maladaptive thought and behaviour patterns such as tobacco craving and cigarette smoking (Johnson et al., 2014).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationBarrett, F. S., Krimmel, S. R., Griffiths, R. R., Seminowicz, D. A., & Mathur, B. N. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116980 · Cited by 199
“…et al., 2019), and may have long-term therapeutic value in treating a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders without the adverse reactions associated with current medication (Bogenschutz et al., 2015; Carhart-Harris et al., 2016a; Griffiths et al., 2016; Johnson et al., 2014; Ross et al., 2016).”
Self-citationPsilocybin: from ancient magic to modern medicine
Nichols, D. E. (2020) · The Journal of Antibiotics · doi:10.1038/s41429-020-0311-8 · Cited by 221
Psychedelics in the treatment of unipolar mood disorders: a systematic review
Rucker, J., Jelen, L. A., Flynn, S. K., Frowde, K., & Young, A. H. (2016) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881116679368 · Cited by 197
“…anxiety associated with advanced cancer(Gasser et al., 2015; Grob et al., 2011), obsessive compulsive disorder(FA Moreno et al., 2006), tobacco(MW Johnson et al., 2014) and alcohol(Bogenschutz et al., 2015) addiction and cluster headaches(Sewell et al., 2006) have been completed over the last 10…”
BackgroundPsilocybin Induces Time-Dependent Changes in Global Functional Connectivity
Preller, K. H., Duerler, P., Burt, J. B., Ji, J. L., Adkinson, B. D., Stämpfli, P., Seifritz, E., Repovš, G., Krystal, J. H., Murray, J. D., et al. (2020) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.12.027 · Cited by 188
Kettner, H., Rosas, F. E., Timmermann, C., Kärtner, L., Carhart-Harris, R. L., & Roseman, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.623985 · Cited by 221
“Large observed decreases in depression severity, despite a potential floor-effect,(2) constitute a meaningful parallel to recent controlled trials using ayahuasca or psilocybin in clinical settings, including the treatment of drug dependence (Bogenschutz et al., 2015; Johnson et al., 2014; Thomas et al., 2013), depres…”
ResultUnifying Theories of Psychedelic Drug Effects
Swanson, L. R. (2018) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00172 · Cited by 194
“…Gasser et al., 2014; Carhart-Harris et al., 2016a, 2017a; Dos Santos et al., 2016; Griffiths et al., 2016; Ross et al., 2016), obsessive-compulsive disorder (Moreno et al., 2006), and addiction (Bogenschutz and Johnson, 2016) to alcohol (Bogenschutz et al., 2015) and tobacco (Johnson et al., 2014).”
BackgroundBreeksema, J. J., Kuin, B. W., Kamphuis, J., van den Brink, W., Vermetten, E., & Schoevers, R. A. (2022) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811221116926 · Cited by 178
“Qualitative studies described treatment experiences among patients with EOLA (Belser et al., 2017; Malone et al., 2018; Swift et al., 2017), TRD (Kaelen et al., 2018; Watts et al., 2017), and substance use disorder (SUD; Bogenschutz et al., 2018; Nielson et al., 2018; Noorani et al., 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialLyons, T., & Carhart-Harris, R. L. (2018) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881117748902 · Cited by 201
“Psilocybin has also been shown to improve symptoms of addiction (Bogenschutz et al., 2015; Johnson et al., 2014), anxiety (Griffiths et al., 2016; Grob et al., 2011; Moreno et al., 2006; Ross et al., 2016) and depression (Carhart-Harris et al., 2016a; Griffiths et al., 2016; Ross et al., 2016) when…”
BackgroundAwe: a putative mechanism underlying the effects of classic psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy
Hendricks, P. S. (2018) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2018.1474185 · Cited by 188
Therapeutic Use of LSD in Psychiatry: A Systematic Review of Randomized-Controlled Clinical Trials
Fuentes, J. J., Fonseca, F., Elices, M., Farré, M., & Torrens, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00943 · Cited by 177
Microdosing psychedelics: personality, mental health, and creativity differences in microdosers
Anderson, T., Petranker, R., Rosenbaum, D., Weissman, C. R., Dinh-Williams, L.-A., Hui, K., Hapke, E., & Farb, N. A. S. (2019) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-018-5106-2 · Cited by 174
Gashi, L., Sandberg, S., & Pedersen, W. (2020) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102997 · Cited by 189
Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy—A Systematic Review of Associated Psychological Interventions
Cavarra, M., Falzone, A., Ramaekers, J. G., Kuypers, K. P. C., & Mento, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.887255 · Cited by 171
“The first is the non-directive one (Grof and Halifax, 1978; Johnson et al., 2014; Bogenschutz et al., 2015; Carhart-Harris et al., 2016), in which therapists only aim at keeping the participants’ attention inward and provide verbal and non-verbal support during challenging moments.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKetamine for the treatment of addiction: evidence and potential mechanisms
Ivan Ezquerra-Romano, I., Lawn, W., Krupitsky, E., & Morgan, C. J. A. (2018) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.01.017 · Cited by 163
D’Souza, D. C., Syed, S. A., Flynn, L. T., Safi-Aghdam, H., Cozzi, N. V., & Ranganathan, M. (2022) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-022-01344-y · Cited by 162
Timmermann, C., Bauer, P. R., Gosseries, O., Vanhaudenhuyse, A., Vollenweider, F., Laureys, S., Singer, T., Antonova, E., & Lutz, A. (2023) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2022.11.006 · Cited by 150
Preparing for the bursting of the psychedelic hype bubble.
Yaden, D. B., Potash, J. B., & Griffiths, R. R. (2022) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.2546 · Cited by 162
Self-citationGarcia‐Romeu, A., Davis, A. K., Erowid, E., Erowid, F., Griffiths, R. R., & Johnson, M. W. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00955 · Cited by 171
“However, taken in combination with preliminary clinical findings (46, 49, 54, 80) andpreviousanonymous survey studies (40, 55), these results further bolster the potential utility of serotonergic psychedelics as aids in the treatment of addiction.”
ResultSelf-citationPowerful substances in tiny amounts: An interview study of psychedelic microdosing
Johnstad, P. G. (2018) · Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.1177/1455072517753339 · Cited by 155
“…for conditions such as substance dependence, OCD, and PTSD also have parallels in research on therapeutic effects from psychedelics in full doses (Abramson, 1967; Bogenschutz et al., 2015; Johnson et al., 2014; Krebs & Johansen, 2012; Nichols, 2004; Schenberg et al., 2014; Thomas et al., 2013).”
BackgroundLSD enhances the emotional response to music
Kaelen, M., Barrett, F. S., Roseman, L., Lorenz, R., Family, N., Bolstridge, M., Curran, H. V., Feilding, A., Nutt, D., & Carhart-Harris, R. L. (2015) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-015-4014-y · Cited by 179
Psychedelic Drugs in Biomedicine
Kyzar, E. J., Nichols, C. D., Gainetdinov, R. R., Nichols, D. E., & Kalueff, A. V. (2017) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2017.08.003 · Cited by 155
Psychedelic medicine: a re-emerging therapeutic paradigm
Tupper, K. W., Wood, E., Yensen, R., & Johnson, M. W. (2015) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.141124 · Cited by 187
Self-citationMadsen, M. K., Stenbæk, D. S., Arvidsson, A., Armand, S., Marstrand-Joergensen, M. R., Johansen, S. S., Línnet, K., Ozenne, B., Knudsen, G. M., & Fisher, P. M. (2021) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.06.001 · Cited by 155
Brouwer, A., & Carhart-Harris, R. L. (2020) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881120959637 · Cited by 174
“…et al., 2015; Carhart-Harris et al., 2017, 2018b; Gasser et al., 2015; Griffiths et al., 2006, 2008; Haijen et al., 2018; Hendricks et al., 2015; Johnson et al., 2014; Osório et al., 2015; Moreno et al., 2006; Ross et al., 2016); (c) political perspective (Lyons and Carhart-Harris, 2018a; Nour…”
BackgroundPsychedelic harm reduction and integration: A transtheoretical model for clinical practice
Gorman, I., Nielson, E. M., Molinar, A., Cassidy, K., & Sabbagh, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.645246 · Cited by 147
“These compounds may in fact have anti-addictive properties (Johnson et al., 2014; Bogenschutz et al., 2015; Pisano et al., 2017).”
BackgroundExploring the effect of microdosing psychedelics on creativity in an open-label natural setting
Prochazkova, L., Lippelt, D. P., Colzato, L. S., Kuchar, M., Sjoerds, Z., & Hommel, B. (2018) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-018-5049-7 · Cited by 177
Viol, A., Palhano-Fontes, F., Onias, H., de Araújo, D. B., & Viswanathan, G. M. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-06854-0 · Cited by 141
Yao, Y., Guo, D., Lu, T., Liu, F.-L., Huang, S., Diao, M.-Q., Li, S., Zhang, X.-J., Kosten, T. R., Shi, J., et al. (2024) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115886 · Cited by 162
“…Christie et al., 2022; D ’ Souza et al., 2022; Dominguez-Clave et al., 2019; Doss et al., 2021; Gouzou-lis-Mayfrank et al., 2005; Grof et al., 1973; Johnson et al., 2014; Kast, 1967; Kast and Collins, 1964; Moreno et al., 2006; Nicholas et al., 2022; Pahnke et al., 1969; Roseman et al., 2018;…”
DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Psilocybin
Geiger, H. A., Wurst, M. G., & Daniels, R. N. (2018) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00186 · Cited by 159
A review of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy
Sessa, B., Higbed, L., & Nutt, D. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00138 · Cited by 141
“And contemporary pilot studies with psilocybin therapy for alcohol addiction (67) and psilocybin therapy for nicotine addiction (68) have demonstrated positive results.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Johnson, M. W., Garcia-Romeu, A., Cosimano, M. P., & Griffiths, R. R.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Venue
- Journal of Psychopharmacology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-09-11
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 983-992
- ISSN
- 0269-8811 (ISSN-L)
- 1461-7285
- PMC
- PMC4286320
- OpenAlex
- W2122459973
- Cited by
- 914
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 71 · 2025: 130 · 2024: 126 · 2023: 112 · 2022: 121 · 2021: 94 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 41.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- World Health Organization
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA003889, T32DA007209)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- psilocybin, tobacco dependence, smoking cessation, nicotine dependence, hallucinogens, 5-HT2A receptor agonists, adjunctive therapy, abstinence, treatment safety and feasibility
- MeSH terms
- Attitude, Carbon Monoxide, Combined Modality Therapy, Cotinine, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Psilocybin, Tobacco Use Disorder, Biomarkers, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Smoking Cessation, Behavior, Addictive, Treatment Outcome, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Nicotinic Agonists
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
