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Pilot study of the 5-HT 2A R agonist psilocybin in the treatment of tobacco addiction
Open accessAbstract
Despite suggestive early findings on the therapeutic use of hallucinogens in the treatment of substance use disorders, rigorous follow-up has not been conducted. To determine the safety and feasibility of psilocybin as an adjunct to tobacco smoking cessation treatment we conducted an open-label pilot study administering moderate (20 mg/70 kg) and high (30 mg/70 kg) doses of psilocybin within a structured 15-week smoking cessation treatment protocol. Participants were 15 psychiatrically healthy nicotine-dependent smokers (10 males; mean age of 51 years), with a mean of six previous lifetime quit attempts, and smoking a mean of 19 cigarettes per day for a mean of 31 years at intake. Biomarkers assessing smoking status, and self-report measures of smoking behavior demonstrated that 12 of 15 participants (80%) showed seven-day point prevalence abstinence at 6-month follow-up. The observed smoking cessation rate substantially exceeds rates commonly reported for other behavioral and/or pharmacological therapies (typically <35%). Although the open-label design does not allow for definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy of psilocybin, these findings suggest psilocybin may be a potentially efficacious adjunct to current smoking cessation treatment models. The present study illustrates a framework for future research on the efficacy and mechanisms of hallucinogen-facilitated treatment of addiction.
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“Psychedelic-assisted therapies currently offer one of the most robust experimental models for eliciting ST, frequently occasioning ego-dissolution and mystical-type experiences that are associated with sustained reductions in depression, anxiety, and addictive behaviors (97, 106).”
From The therapeutic role of self-transcendence in moral injury recovery: theory, mechanisms, and clinical implications (2026) · cites this paper as [106]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“A single-arm pilot study of PAT to treat tobacco use disorder found 67% and 60% of people remained abstinent at 12 and ≥16 months of follow-up [54].”
From Psilocybin‐assisted psychotherapy for methamphetamine use disorder: A pilot open‐label safety and feasibility study. (2025) · cites this paper as [54]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These findings demonstrate the likely feasibility of conducting such treatment in a substance use disorder [25,54].”
From Psilocybin‐assisted psychotherapy for methamphetamine use disorder: A pilot open‐label safety and feasibility study. (2025) · cites this paper as [54]
In the citing paper
“In an open-label pilot study, 12 out of 15 treatment-seeking smokers were nicotine abstinent 6 months after two to three administrations of psilocybin (26).”
From Modulation of Social Cognition via Hallucinogens and “Entactogens” (2019) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“Facilitating the reconnection with their social environment via increased emotional empathy may therefore contribute to clinical efficacy of hallucinogens shown in preliminary studies with addicted patients (24, 26).”
From Modulation of Social Cognition via Hallucinogens and “Entactogens” (2019) · cites this paper as [26]
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Cites
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Cited by
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Items 301–400 of 914
Quality of reporting on psychological interventions in psychedelic treatments: a systematic review
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Psilocybin-Assisted Compassion Focused Therapy for Depression
Pots, W. T. M., & Chakhssi, F. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.812930 · Cited by 35
“The current therapy protocol was constructed based on the basic structure of other psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy protocols (Johnson et al., 2014; Mithoefer, 2015; Guss et al., 2020; Watts, 2021).”
MethodJones, G. M., Lipson, J., & Nock, M. K. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-14809-3 · Cited by 33
The Potential of Psychedelics for End of Life and Palliative Care
Yaden, D. B., Nayak, S. M., Gukasyan, N., Anderson, B. T., & Griffiths, R. R. (2021) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2021_278 · Cited by 37
Self-citationAnalysis of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy in Medicine: A Narrative Review
Ziff, S., Stern, B., Lewis, G., Majeed, M., & Gorantla, V. R. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.21944 · Cited by 48
Presence, Trust, and Empathy: Preferred Characteristics of Psychedelic Carers
Thal, S. B., Engel, L. B., & Bright, S. J. (2022) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/00221678221081380 · Cited by 34
Classic Psychedelics in Addiction Treatment: The Case for Psilocybin in Tobacco Smoking Cessation
Johnson, M. W. (2022) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2022_327 · Cited by 37
Self-citationThe Safety and Efficacy of Psychedelic-Assisted Therapies for Older Adults: Knowns and Unknowns
Johnston, C. B., Mangini, M., Grob, C. S., & Anderson, B. T. (2022) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2022.08.007 · Cited by 36
“Pilot studies of psilocybin and MDMA have shown promise in alcohol and nicotine use disorders.(15,55,56) The studies done to date have been small but have included some patients over the age of 60.”
BackgroundEthical Issues Regarding Nonsubjective Psychedelics as Standard of Care
Yaden, D. B., Earp, B. D., & Griffiths, R. R. (2022) · Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics · doi:10.1017/s096318012200007x · Cited by 36
Self-citationLake, S., & Lucas, P. (2023) · Psychedelic Medicine · doi:10.1089/psymed.2023.0002 · Cited by 34
A Public-Health-Based Vision for the Management and Regulation of Psychedelics
Haden, M., Emerson, B., & Tupper, K. W. (2016) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2016.1202459 · Cited by 39
“An open-label pilot study of psilocybin-assisted treatment for tobacco dependence showed abstinence rates which were more than double typical tobacco cessation interventions (Johnson et al. 2014).”
BackgroundPrevalence and therapeutic impact of adverse life event reexperiencing under ceremonial ayahuasca
Weiss, B., Wingert, A., Erritzoe, D., & Campbell, W. K. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-36184-3 · Cited by 33
Dean, J. G. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00232 · Cited by 37
“…that human administration of psychedelics structurally related to and including DMT can ameliorate the symptoms of addiction (Grob et al., 1996; Johnson et al., 2014; Mithoefer et al., 2016), as well as comorbid disease states such as depression (Osório et al., 2015; Carhart-Harris et al.,…”
BackgroundArgento, E., Socias, M. E., Hayashi, K., Choi, J., Mackay, L., Christie, D., Milloy, M., & DeBeck, K. (2021) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103518 · Cited by 35
“…responses such as awe and ego-dissolution, hich appear to mediate therapeutic impacts ( Bogenschutz et al., 2018 ; arcia-Romeu, Griffiths & Johnson, 2014 ; Griffiths, Richards, McCann, Jesse, 2006 ; Hartogsohn, 2018 ; Hendricks, 2018a ; MacLean, Johnson, Griffiths, 2011 ; Nour, Evans,…”
Davis, A. K., Xin, Y., Sepeda, N. D., & Averill, L. A. (2023) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1080/00952990.2023.2220874 · Cited by 36
Weiss, B., Roseman, L., Giribaldi, B., Nutt, D., Carhart-Harris, R. L., & Erritzøe, D. (2024) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-024-01253-9 · Cited by 41
“…(Studerus et al., 2010), have demonstrated moderate to large associations with multiple clinical outcomes including smoking craving ( r = − 0.61, Johnson et al., 2014), smoking abstinence, and depression ( r = − 0.41, Davis et al., 2021a, 2021b; r = − 0.50, Roseman et al., 2018a, 2018b).”
InfluentialMcIntyre, R. S., Kwan, A. T. H., Mansur, R. B., Oliveira-Maia, A. J., Teopiz, K. M., Maletic, V., Suppes, T. M., Stahl, S. M., & Rosenblat, J. D. (2025) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.20230902 · Cited by 33
Sexton, J. D., Crawford, M. S., Sweat, N. W., Varley, A. L., Green, E. E., & Hendricks, P. S. (2019) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881119827796 · Cited by 32
Oppong‐Damoah, A., Curry, K. E., Blough, B. E., Rice, K. C., & Murnane, K. S. (2019) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-019-05328-7 · Cited by 33
“Similar to AUD, psilocybin treatment in heavily tobacco-dependent smokers resulted in approximately 60– 80% abstinence rates at 6 (Johnson et al. 2014) and 12 (Johnson et al. 2017) months.”
Dynamic Brain Connectivity in Resting State Functional MR Imaging
Jalilianhasanpour, R., Ryan, D. H., Agarwal, S., Beheshtian, E., Gujar, S. K., Pillai, J. J., & Sair, H. I. (2020) · Neuroimaging Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.nic.2020.09.004 · Cited by 32
Within-treatment changes in a novel addiction treatment program using traditional Amazonian medicine
O’Shaughnessy, D. M., Berlowitz, I., Rodd, R., Sarnyai, Z., & Quirk, F. H. (2021) · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/2045125320986634 · Cited by 32
Psychedelics as Novel Therapeutics in Alzheimer’s Disease: Rationale and Potential Mechanisms
Garcia‐Romeu, A., Darcy, S., Jackson, H., White, T., & Rosenberg, P. B. (2021) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2021_267 · Cited by 33
“Clinical research to date has found benefits related largely to higher dose administration of classic psychedelics (Anderson et al. 2020; Bogenschutz et al. 2015; Carhart-Harris et al. 2021; Davis et al. 2021; Griffiths et al. 2016; Johnson et al. 2014).”
BackgroundSelf-citationCavanna, F., Pallavicini, C., Milano, V., Cuiule, J. I., Tella, R. D., González, P., & Tagliazucchi, E. (2021) · Journal of Psychedelic Studies · doi:10.1556/2054.2021.00172 · Cited by 34
Barnett, B. S., Arakelian, M. H., Beebe, D. S., Ontko, J., Riegal, C., Siu, W. O., Weleff, J., & Pope, H. G. (2023) · Psychedelic Medicine · doi:10.1089/psymed.2023.0036 · Cited by 31
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Giving Consent to the Ineffable
Villiger, D. (2024) · Neuroethics · doi:10.1007/s12152-024-09545-6 · Cited by 32
“However, psyche-delics are not only used clinically to treat severe depression and anxiety but, for example, also for smoking cessation [e.g., 20].”
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Murnane, K. S. (2018) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.08.003 · Cited by 35
Jones, G. M., & Nock, M. K. (2022) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811211058933 · Cited by 36
“…the alleviation of mood disorders (Davis et al., 2021; Griffiths et al., 2016), alcohol and substance use disorders (Bogenschutz and Johnson, 2016; Johnson et al., 2014; Pisano et al., 2017), anxiety disorders (Danforth et al., 2018; Dos Santos et al., 2016; Gasser et al., 2014; Griffiths et al.,…”
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Daldegan‐Bueno, D., Maia, L. O., Massarentti, C. M., & Tófoli, L. F. (2022) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-022-06063-2 · Cited by 34
“However, the authors did not test specific associations between the MEQ30 subscales and tobacco use outcomes (Johnson et al. 2014).”
BackgroundPsychedelic-Assisted Therapy for People with Eating Disorders
Gukasyan, N., Schreyer, C. C., Griffiths, R. R., & Guarda, Á. S. (2022) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-022-01394-5 · Cited by 33
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Psychedelics and hypnosis: Commonalities and therapeutic implications
Lemercier, C. E., & Terhune, D. B. (2018) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881118780714 · Cited by 32
“…therapeutic outcome and measurable mystical-type experiences sometimes induced by the drug, suggesting that the nature and quality of one’s response plays a significant role in therapeutic outcome (Johnson et al., 2014; Garcia-Romeu et al., 2015; Bogenschutz et al. 2015; Roseman et al., 2018).”
Hupli, A., Berning, M., Zhuparris, A., & Fadiman, J. (2019) · Performance Enhancement & Health · doi:10.1016/j.peh.2019.01.001 · Cited by 31
Efficacité des psychédéliques en psychiatrie, une revue systématique
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The Mystical Experience Questionnaire 4-Item and Challenging Experience Questionnaire 7-Item
Strickland, J. C., Garcia‐Romeu, A., & Johnson, M. W. (2024) · Psychedelic Medicine · doi:10.1089/psymed.2023.0046 · Cited by 28
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“, 2015; Dakwar, 2016) for the treatment of substance use disorders (Garcia-Romeu et al., 2019; Nielson et al., 2018; Bogenshutz and Johnson, 2016:; Dakwar 2015; Bogenshutz et al., 2015; Ross, 2012; Bogenschutz and Pommy, 2012; Hendricks, 2014; Krebs and Johansen, 2012; Johnson et al., 2014) and other mental health cha…”
BackgroundOña, G., Berrada, A., & Bouso, J. C. (2021) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/13634615211038416 · Cited by 32
“…has been extensively researched (dos Santos et al., 2018), showing therapeutic potential for conditions like depression (Carhart-Harris et al., 2017; Palhano-Fontes et al., 2018), anxiety (Griffiths et al., 2016; Ross et al., 2016), and addiction (Bogenschutz et al., 2015; Johnson et al., 2014).”
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Odland, A. U., Kristensen, J. L., & Andreasen, J. T. (2022) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pharmrev.122.000590 · Cited by 30
Jones, G. M. (2022) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811221127304 · Cited by 30
“Email: gmj005@g.harvard.edu use disorders and anxiety associated with life-threatening illnesses as well (Bogenschutz et al., 2015; Griffiths et al., 2016; Johnson et al., 2014).”
BackgroundBoehnke, K. F., Cox, K., Weston, C. L., Herberholz, M., Glynos, N. G., Kolbman, N., Fields, C. W., Barron, J., & Kruger, D. J. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1224551 · Cited by 30
Rucker, J. (2015) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.h2902 · Cited by 28
Mason, N. L., & Kuypers, K. P. C. (2018) · Journal of Psychedelic Studies · doi:10.1556/2054.2018.006 · Cited by 28
Nielson, E. M. (2021) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/00221678211021204 · Cited by 29
“In the United States, psilocybin-assisted therapy has been investigated for existential distress related to a cancer diagnosis (Griffiths et al., 2016; Grob et al., 2013; Ross et al., 2016), for smoking cessation (Johnson et al., 2014), and for alcohol dependence (Bogenschutz et al., 2015).”
BackgroundThal, S. B., Baker, P., Marinis, J., Wieberneit, M., Sharbanee, J. M., Bruno, R., Skeffington, P., & Bright, S. J. (2023) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2945 · Cited by 32
Enzymatische Synthese von Psilocybin
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A Gratuitous Grace: The Influence of Religious Set and Intent on the Psychedelic Experience
Neitzke‐Spruill, L., & Glasser, C. L. (2018) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2018.1494869 · Cited by 27
“These are consistent with findings from a study of Westerners seeking out ayahuasca experiences in the Amazon (Kavenská and Simonová 2015), which found that one-third of participants were seeking self-knowledge, while one-fourth did so for the purpose of spiritual growth.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialTripping over the other: Could psychedelics increase empathy?
Blatchford, E., Bright, S. J., & Engel, L. B. (2020) · Journal of Evolutionary Psychology · doi:10.1556/2054.2020.00136 · Cited by 30
Cox, D. J., Garcia‐Romeu, A., & Johnson, M. W. (2021) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1080/00952990.2021.1910830 · Cited by 27
“Open-label studies administering the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) agonist psychedelic psilocybin have shown improvements in tobacco (1,2) and alcohol use disorders (e.”
BackgroundSelf-citationVirtual Reality as a Moderator of Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy
Sekula, A. D., Downey, L. A., & Puspanathan, P. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.813746 · Cited by 30
“Within individual trials, preparation and integration phases may be based on diverse psycho-therapeutic frameworks, including the change of the role of the therapist from that of supporting facilitator to that of psychotherapy provider (Johnson et al., 2014) or the involvement of different therapists (Fuentes et al.”
BackgroundCan psychedelics enhance group psychotherapy? A discussion on the therapeutic factors
Ponomarenko, P., Seragnoli, F., Calder, A. E., Oehen, P., & Hasler, G. (2023) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811231155117 · Cited by 31
“…disorders (Dos Santos et al., 2021; Holze et al., 2022b), illness-related psychological distress (Gasser et al., 2015; Griffiths et al., 2016), substance use disorders (Berlowitz et al., 2019; Bogenschutz et al., 2022; Johnson et al., 2014) and PTSD (Jerome et al., 2020; Mitchell et al., 2021).”
BackgroundMedical student attitudes and perceptions of psychedelic-assisted therapies
Li, I., Fong, R., Hagen, M. M., & Tabaac, B. J. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1190507 · Cited by 27
Kiraga, M. K., Kuypers, K. P. C., Uthaug, M. V., Ramaekers, J. G., & Mason, N. L. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.883869 · Cited by 26
“12 The questionnaire also included four questions rated on a eight-point scale (1= no more than routine, and 8= the single most meaningful experience of my life): 1) “How personally meaningful was the experience?”; 2) “Indicate the degree to which the experience was spiritually significant to you?”; 3) “How psychologi…”
BackgroundA rapid narrative review of the clinical evolution of psychedelic treatment in clinical trials
Kishon, R., Modlin, N. L., Cycowicz, Y. M., Mourtada, H., Wilson, T., Williamson, V., Cleare, A. J., & Rucker, J. (2024) · npj Mental Health Research · doi:10.1038/s44184-024-00068-9 · Cited by 29
Wang, E. Y., Mathai, D. S., Gukasyan, N., Nayak, S. M., & Garcia‐Romeu, A. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-78736-1 · Cited by 29
Self-citationAddressing blinding in classic psychedelic studies with innovative active placebos
Aday, J. S., Simonsson, O., Schindler, E. A. D., & D’Souza, D. C. (2025) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyaf023 · Cited by 28
“9,10 However, open-label design studies cannot definitively prove the efficacy or safety of the novel intervention because of factors such as regression to the mean and the placebo effect.”
Psilocybin as a Treatment for Psychiatric Illness: A Meta-Analysis
Irizarry, R., Winczura, A., Dimassi, O., Dhillon, N., Minhas, A., & Larice, J. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.31796 · Cited by 26
Bernal, A. M. O., Raison, C. L., Lancelotta, R., & Davis, A. K. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1049643 · Cited by 32
The mechanistic divide in psychedelic neuroscience: An unbridgeable gap?
Barksdale, B. R., Doss, M. K., Fonzo, G. A., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2024) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00322 · Cited by 27
“In several trials, measures of the mystical experience correlate well with the therapeutic outcome, even after controlling for the intensity of the subjective psychedelic experience [16,17,73 – 77].”
BackgroundTófoli, L. F., & de Araújo, D. B. (2016) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2016.06.005 · Cited by 35
Comparison of the behavioral effects of mescaline analogs using the head twitch response in mice
Halberstadt, A. L., Chatha, M., Chapman, S. J., & Brandt, S. D. (2019) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881119826610 · Cited by 25
“This interest has been driven, in part, by evidence hallucinogens may possess therapeutic efficacy in a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression, and substance abuse (Griffiths et al., 2016; Ross et al., 2016; Carhart-Harris et al., 2016; Johnson et al., 2014; Grob et al., 2011).”
A multi-institutional investigation of psilocybin’s effects on mouse behavior
Lu, O., White, K., Raymond, K. B., Liu, C. J., Klein, A. S., Green, N., Vaillancourt, S., Gallagher, A. J., Shindy, L., Li, A., et al. (2026) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1101/2025.04.08.647810 · Cited by 28
(2024) · doi:10.1177/02698811231215420 · Cited by 25
“…et al., 2021; Gasser et al., 2014; Goodwin et al., 2022; Griffiths et al., 2016; Grob et al., 2011; Grof et al., 1973, 1972; Holze et al., 2022; Johnson et al., 2014; Kast, 1967; Kurland et al., 1971; Mccabe et al., 1972; Mitchell et al., 2021; Mithoefer et al., 2011, 2018; Monson et al.,…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMortaheb, S., Fort, L. D., Mason, N. L., Mallaroni, P., Ramaekers, J. G., & Athena Demertzi, A. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.04.001 · Cited by 31
Pharmacological and behavioural effects of tryptamines present in psilocybin‐containing mushrooms
Rakoczy, R. J., Runge, G. N., Sen, A. K., Sandoval, O., Wells, H. G., Nguyen, Q., Roberts, B., Sciortino, J. H., Gibbons, W. J., Friedberg, L. M., et al. (2024) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.16466 · Cited by 26
“Psilocybin, the primary psychoactive tryptamine alkaloid in these mushrooms, has been demonstrated to ameliorate symptoms of several mental health disorders in humans (Carhart-Harris, Roseman et al., 2017; Carhart-Harris, Giribaldi et al., 2021; Johnson et al., 2014).”
Rucker, J., Jafari, H., Mantingh, T., Bird, C., Modlin, N. L., Knight, G., Reinholdt, F., Day, C., Carter, B., & Young, A. H. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056091 · Cited by 29
Wang, J., Liang, M., Shang, Q., Qian, H., An, R., Liu, H., Shao, G., Li, T., & Liu, X. (2023) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.14054 · Cited by 24
“We observed significant differences in intervention effects in the acute METH administration model (F(5,30) = 90.”
BackgroundDo the therapeutic effects of psilocybin involve actions in the gut?
Reed, F. M., & Foldi, C. J. (2024) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2023.12.007 · Cited by 26
Berquist, M. D., & Fantegrossi, W. E. (2021) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0000000000000628 · Cited by 24
“Although clinical data with phenethylamine psychedelics lack for the treatment of AUDs and other substance use disorders, individuals seeking treatment for substance use disorders typically receive <2–3 total administrations of a tryptamine psychedelic, such as LSD, for alcohol dependency problems (reviewed in Krebs a…”
BackgroundMusic programming for psilocybin-assisted therapy: Guided Imagery and Music-informed perspectives
Messell, C., Summer, L., Bonde, L. O., Beck, B. D., & Stenbæk, D. S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.873455 · Cited by 30
“, 2021), addiction (Johnson et al., 2014; Bogenschutz et al., 2018, 2022), end-of-life anxiety (Grob et al.”
Kaminski, D., & Reinert, J. P. (2023) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1177/10600280231205645 · Cited by 27
“29 One study explicitly reported a mean peak systolic blood pressure reading in the psilocybin session, defined at the time point with the highest mean blood pressure reading, which was 138.6 mm Hg. 28 Another study reported a mean peak blood pressure reading as the mean of each participant’s highest blood pressure re…”
InfluentialO'Donnell, K. C., Mennenga, S. E., Owens, L. T., Podrebarac, S. K., Baron, T., Rotrosen, J., Ross, S., Forcehimes, A. A., & Bogenschutz, M. P. (2022) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2022.106976 · Cited by 23
Perceptions of the medicinal value of hallucinogenic drugs among college students
Wildberger, J., John, C. N., & Hallock, R. M. (2017) · Journal of Psychedelic Studies · doi:10.1556/2054.01.2017.008 · Cited by 23
Co-design of Guidance for Patient and Public Involvement in Psychedelic Research
Close, J. B., Bornemann, J., Piggin, M., Jayacodi, S., Luan, L., Carhart-Harris, R. L., & Spriggs, M. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.727496 · Cited by 25
Psychedelic drugs for psychiatric disorders
da Costa, S. C., Oesterle, T., Rummans, T. A., Richelson, E., & Gold, M. S. (2022) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2022.120332 · Cited by 32
Gattuso, J. J., Wilson, C., Hannan, A. J., & Renoir, T. (2023) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.16017 · Cited by 24
Psychedelic-assisted therapies: The past, and the need to move forward responsibly
Gardner, J., Carter, A., O’Brien, K., & Seear, K. (2019) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.05.019 · Cited by 23
Davis, A. K., Levin, A. W., Nagib, P. B., Armstrong, S. B., & Lancelotta, R. L. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068884 · Cited by 21
Goldpaugh, D. D. (2021) · Sexual & Relationship Therapy · doi:10.1080/14681994.2021.1994138 · Cited by 24
“, 2016), substance use disorders (Bogenschutz et al., 2015; Johnson et al., 2014), and post-traumatic stress disorder (Yazar-Klosinski & Mitchell, 2021).”
BackgroundThe safety of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy: A systematic review
de Freitas, R. R., Gotsis, E. S., Gallo, A. T., Fitzgibbon, B. M., Bailey, N. W., & Fitzgerald, P. B. (2024) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00048674241289024 · Cited by 29
“Johnson et al. (2014) used a Likert-type scale to measure the severity of headaches both during and after a psilocybin session.”
Vargas-Pérez, H., Grieder, T. E., Ting‐A‐Kee, R. A., Maal‐Bared, G., Chwalek, M., & van der Kooy, D. (2017) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.13572 · Cited by 22
“Our results are in agreement with pre-clinical studies suggesting that the use of 5-HT2A agonists may be useful as therapeutic agents in the treatment of addiction (de Rios et al., 2002; Thomas et al., 2013; Johnson et al., 2014; Loizaga-Velder & Verres, 2014).”
BackgroundResultMicrodosing as a Response to the Meaning Crisis: A Qualitative Analysis
Petranker, R., Kim, J. J., & Anderson, T. (2022) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/00221678221075076 · Cited by 32
Psychedelic Mystical Experience: A New Agenda for Theology
Cole‐Turner, R. (2022) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel13050385 · Cited by 25
“A pilot study involving 15 volunteers reported that 12 of them, or 80%, were able to quit smoking, a success rate far higher than any other smoking cessation therapy (Johnson et al. 2014).”
BackgroundDworkin, R. H., Anderson, B. T., Andrews, N., Edwards, R. R., Grob, C. S., Ross, S., Satterthwaite, T. D., & Strain, E. C. (2022) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2022.05.003 · Cited by 22
The illusion of knowledge in the emerging field of psychedelic research
Oña, G., Kohek, M., & Bouso, J. C. (2022) · New Ideas in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2022.100967 · Cited by 24
The use of classic psychedelics among adults: a Danish online survey study
Juul, T. S., Jensen, M. E., & Fink‐Jensen, A. (2022) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2022.2125069 · Cited by 25
Rostral Anterior Cingulate Thickness Predicts the Emotional Psilocybin Experience
Lewis, C. R., Preller, K. H., Braden, B. B., Riecken, C., & Vollenweider, F. X. (2020) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines8020034 · Cited by 23
“A recent open-label trial using psilocybin for treatment resistant depression found the composite variable of Unity, Spiritual Experience, and Blissful State along with Insightfulness predicted therapeutic outcomes [62].”
BackgroundHübner, S., Haijen, E. C. H. M., Kaelen, M., Carhart-Harris, R. L., & Kettner, H. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/25973 · Cited by 20
Tagliazucchi, E., Zamberlán, F., Cavanna, F., de la Fuente, L., Romero, C., Perl, Y. S., & Pallavicini, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.720066 · Cited by 27
Aday, J. S., McAfee, J., Conroy, D. A., Hosanagar, A., Tarnal, V., Weston, C. L., Scott, K., Horowitz, D., Geller, J. A., Harte, S. E., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2025.1527783 · Cited by 22
The science of psychedelic medicine
Siegel, J. S., Liston, C. M., Nicol, G. E., Carhart-Harris, R. L., & Bogenschutz, M. P. (2026) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-025-04194-5 · Cited by 27
“Psilocybin has shown promising results in a pilot study for smoking cessation 120 , prompting an ongoing multisite trial (NCT05452772).”
The psychedelic renaissance: the next trip for psychiatry?
Kelly, J. R., Baker, A., Babiker, M., Burke, L., Brennan, C., & O’Keane, V. (2019) · Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/ipm.2019.39 · Cited by 21
“Other research groups have utilized the altered perspective induced by psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy to help people overcome tobacco (Johnson et al. 2014; Johnson et al. 2017) and alcohol addiction (Krebs and Johansen, 2012; Bogenschutz et al.”
Psychedelics and Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy
Reiff, C. M., Richman, E. E., Nemeroff, C. B., Carpenter, L. L., Widge, A. S., Rodríguez, C. I., Kalin, N. H., & McDonald, W. M. (2021) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.19104 · Cited by 28
Metadata
- Authors
- Johnson, M. W., Garcia-Romeu, A., Cosimano, M. P., & Griffiths, R. R.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Venue
- Journal of Psychopharmacology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-09-11
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 983-992
- ISSN
- 0269-8811 (ISSN-L)
- 1461-7285
- PMC
- PMC4286320
- OpenAlex
- W2122459973
- Cited by
- 914
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 71 · 2025: 130 · 2024: 126 · 2023: 112 · 2022: 121 · 2021: 94 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 41.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- World Health Organization
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA003889, T32DA007209)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- psilocybin, tobacco dependence, smoking cessation, nicotine dependence, hallucinogens, 5-HT2A receptor agonists, adjunctive therapy, abstinence, treatment safety and feasibility
- MeSH terms
- Attitude, Carbon Monoxide, Combined Modality Therapy, Cotinine, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Psilocybin, Tobacco Use Disorder, Biomarkers, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Smoking Cessation, Behavior, Addictive, Treatment Outcome, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Nicotinic Agonists
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