Negative attitudes toward help seeking for mental illness in 2 population-based surveys from the United States and Canada
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of negative attitudes toward help seeking for mental illness among the general population in the United States and Ontario. METHODS: Two contemporaneous population-based surveys (aged 15 to 54 years) were analyzed: the US National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) (n = 5877) and the Ontario Health Survey (OHS) (n = 6902). Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine the correlates of a derived negative attitudes composite variable obtained from questions assessing probability, comfort, and embarrassment related to help seeking for mental illness. RESULTS: Negative attitudes toward help seeking for mental illness were prevalent in both countries. Fifteen percent of OHS and 20% of NCS respondents stated they probably or definitely would not seek treatment if they had serious emotional problems. Almost one-half of recipients in both surveys stated they would be embarrassed if their friends knew about their use of mental health services. Negative attitudes toward help seeking were highest among socioeconomically challenged young, single, lesser-educated men in Ontario and the United States. In both countries, substance abuse or dependence and antisocial personality disorder were associated with greater negative attitudes, as was not having sought treatment in the past. CONCLUSIONS: Negative attitudes toward mental health service use are prevalent in Ontario and the United States. They are most common in young adults, especially those with lower education and socioeconomic resources, and those with substance abuse or dependence problems. This information can be used to target educational efforts aimed at improving willingness to seek care for mental health problems.
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Recent studies suggest that mental health awareness and attitudes toward mental illness are slowly improving in the population.
“Recent studies suggest that mental health awareness and attitudes toward mental illness are slowly improving in the population (26).”
From An Ecological Study of a Universal Employee Depression Awareness and Stigma Reduction Intervention: “Right Direction” (2021) · cites this paper as [26]
The Discussion reports a modest improvement over the previous decade in Americans’ attitudes toward seeking mental health treatment. It does not establish that mental health awareness or attitudes toward mental illness more broadly are improving across the population; it also says recent Canadian trend data are unavailable. The indexed passages provide no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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- Authors
- Jagdeo, A., Cox, B. J., Stein, M. B., & Sareen, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Manitoba (CA)
- Canada Research Chair in Mood and Anxiety Disorders and Professor, Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology and Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Manitoba
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Health Sciences Centre (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Sareen, Jitender
- Venue
- The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 757-766
- ISSN
- 0706-7437 (ISSN-L)
- 1497-0015
- OpenAlex
- W177164319
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 6.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (152348)
- National Institute of Mental Health (K24MH064122)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Keywords
- help-seeking, mental illness, negative attitudes, stigma, embarrassment, help-seeking barriers, substance abuse, antisocial personality disorder, socioeconomic status, young adults, mental health service utilization, sociodemographic correlates, United States, Ontario
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Attitude to Health, Mental Disorders, Canada, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health Services, Middle Aged, Ontario, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Health Care Surveys, Young Adult
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