Efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy delivered over the Internet for depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Sztein, Dina M; Koransky, Charles E; Fegan, Leah; Himelhoch, Seth

doi:10.1177/1357633x17717402

Cited by 135Digital Mental Health InterventionsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesTelemedicine and Telehealth Implementation

Efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy delivered over the Internet for depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Sztein, Dina M, Koransky, Charles E, Fegan, Leah, Himelhoch, Seth·2018·Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare

DOI 10.1177/1357633x17717402

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Introduction: Cognitive behavioural therapy has been shown to improve depressive symptoms in adults with mild to moderate depression. To overcome many of the barriers associated with delivering this treatment, attempts have been made to deliver cognitive behavioural therapy via the Internet. The objective of this meta-analysis is to assess whether Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy delivered to adults with depressive symptoms leads to a reduction in these symptoms as compared to those who receive no therapy. Methods: In September 2015, the Cochrane, PubMed and PsycInfo databases were searched; studies were also found through bibliography searches. Studies were included if they were randomized controlled trials published in English between 2005–2015 conducted with adults >18 years of age experiencing mild to moderate depression where study subjects received Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy, and the control group was placed on a wait-list. The search yielded 257 articles; 14 of these were included in the meta-analysis. Results: Internet delivered cognitive behavioural therapy had a medium effect on reducing depressive symptoms at the end of the study period (standardized mean difference: 0.74, confidence interval: 0.62–0.86, p < 0.001). Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy also has a large sustained effect in maintaining reduction of depressive symptoms in follow-up measures done 3–6 months after the conclusion of the therapy (standardized mean difference: 0.83, confidence interval: 0.69–0.99, p < 0.001). There was no publication bias and low heterogeneity. Discussion: Cognitive behavioural therapy delivered over the Internet leads to immediate and sustained reduction in depressive symptoms; thus, it may be a good treatment modality for individuals unable or unwilling to access traditional face-to-face therapy.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/1357633x17717402

Cites

51 of 51 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Interventions fully or partially delivered through the Internet, especially those based on Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, are effective in treating different psychological disorders.
“Well-established evidence shows that interventions fully or partially delivered through the Internet (especially those based on Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)) are effective in treating different psychological disorders [8,9,10]”
From Working Alliance Inventory for Online Interventions-Short Form (WAI-TECH-SF): The Role of the Therapeutic Alliance between Patient and Online Program in Therapeutic Outcomes (2020) · cites this paper as [10]

Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions: Cochrane Book Series
(2008) · doi:10.1002/9780470712184 · Cited by 25,048 · see citing works
The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses
Butler, A. C., Chapman, J. E., Forman, E. M., & Beck, A. T. (2006) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.07.003 · Cited by 3,215 · see citing works
Epidemiology of women and depression
Kessler, R. (2003) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00426-3 · Cited by 2,006 · see citing works
Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety: A meta-analysis
SPEK, V., CUIJPERS, P., NYKLÍČEK, I., RIPER, H., KEYZER, J., & POP, V. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706008944 · Cited by 1,586 · see citing works
Computer-based psychological treatments for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Richards, D., & Richardson, T. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.02.004 · Cited by 1,442 · see citing works
Internet-Based and Other Computerized Psychological Treatments for Adult Depression: A Meta-Analysis
Andersson, G., & Cuijpers, P. (2009) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506070903318960 · Cited by 1,368 · see citing works
Computer Therapy for the Anxiety and Depressive Disorders Is Effective, Acceptable and Practical Health Care: A Meta-Analysis
Andrews, G., Cuijpers, P., Craske, M. G., McEvoy, P., & Titov, N. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013196 · Cited by 1,311 · see citing works
A Comprehensive Review and a Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Internet-Based Psychotherapeutic Interventions
Barak, A., Hen, L., Boniel-Nissim, M., & Shapira, N. (2008) · Journal of Technology in Human Services · doi:10.1080/15228830802094429 · Cited by 1,283 · see citing works
Adherence in Internet Interventions for Anxiety and Depression
Christensen, H., Griffiths, K. M., & Farrer, L. (2009) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.1194 · Cited by 1,133 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of the effects of cognitive therapy in depressed patients
Gloaguen, V., Cottraux, J., Cucherat, M., & Blackburn, I.-M. (1998) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(97)00199-7 · Cited by 809 · see citing works
Cognitive behavior therapy via the Internet: a systematic review of applications, clinical efficacy and cost–effectiveness
Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., & Lindefors, N. (2012) · Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research · doi:10.1586/erp.12.67 · Cited by 672 · see citing works
Sample size slippages in randomised trials: exclusions and the lost and wayward.
Schulz, K. F., & Grimes, D. A. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)07882-0 · Cited by 642 · see citing works
Dropout from Internet‐based treatment for psychological disorders
Melville, K. M., Casey, L. M., & Kavanagh, D. J. (2010) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466509x472138 · Cited by 597 · see citing works
Using the Internet to provide cognitive behaviour therapy
Andersson, G. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.010 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Internet-based self-help for depression: randomised controlled trial
Andersson, G., Bergström, J., Holländare, F., Carlbring, P., Kaldo, V., & Ekselius, L. (2005) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.187.5.456 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
Computer-delivered and web-based interventions to improve depression, anxiety, and psychological well-being of university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Davies, E. B., Morriss, R., & Glazebrook, C. (2014) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.3142 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Treatment preferences among depressed primary care patients
Dwight-Johnson, M., Sherbourne, C. D., Liao, D., & Wells, K. B. (2000) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2000.08035.x · Cited by 478 · see citing works
Adherence to Internet-Based and Face-to-Face Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Depression: A Meta-Analysis
van Ballegooijen, W., Cuijpers, P., van Straten, A., Karyotaki, E., Andersson, G., Smit, J. H., & Riper, H. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100674 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Internet Treatment for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Clinician vs. Technician Assistance
Titov, N., Andrews, G., Davies, M., McIntyre, K., Robinson, E., & Solley, K. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010939 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Internet-Based Treatment of Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Guided with Unguided Self-Help
Berger, T., Hämmerli, K., Gubser, N., Andersson, G., & Caspar, F. (2011) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2011.616531 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Effectiveness of a novel integrative online treatment for depression (Deprexis): randomized controlled trial
Meyer, B., Berger, T., Caspar, F., Beevers, C. G., Andersson, G., & Weiss, M. (2009) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.1151 · Cited by 363 · cited 2× · see citing works
“(2012)) and therefore these are the values that were included in the final analysis.(31,33,34,36) The studies did not address length of depression symptoms prior to starting the program as part of their analyses.”
Background
Internet-Delivered Psychological Treatments for Mood and Anxiety Disorders: A Systematic Review of Their Efficacy, Safety, and Cost-Effectiveness
Arnberg, F. K., Linton, S. J., Hultcrantz, M., Heintz, E., & Jonsson, U. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098118 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
The efficacy of internet interventions for depression and anxiety disorders: a review of randomised controlled trials
Griffiths, K. M., Farrer, L., & Christensen, H. (2010) · Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03685.x · Cited by 303 · see citing works
A systematic review of comparative efficacy of treatments and controls for depression
Khan, A., Faucett, J., Lichtenberg, P., Kirsch, I., & Brown, W. A. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041778 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Transdiagnostic internet treatment for anxiety and depression: a randomised controlled trial
Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Schwencke, G., Andrews, G., Johnston, L., Craske, M. G., & McEvoy, P. (2011) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.03.007 · Cited by 285 · cited 5× · see citing works
“used the PHQ-9.(35,36,40) With regards to the follow-up data analysed, all the studies collected follow-up data six-months post-intervention, with the exception of two which collected data at three months post-intervention, and one which collected data fourmonths post intervention.”
MethodResultInfluential
Barriers to psychotherapy among depressed and nondepressed primary care patients
Mohr, D. C., Hart, S. L., Howard, I., Julian, L., Vella, L., Catledge, C., & Feldman, M. D. (2006) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15324796abm3203_12 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Tailored vs. Standardized Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Depression and Comorbid Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Johansson, R., Sjöberg, E., Sjögren, M., Johnsson, E., Carlbring, P., Andersson, T., Rousseau, A., & Andersson, G. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036905 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Internet-Based Treatment for Adults with Depressive Symptoms: Randomized Controlled Trial
Warmerdam, L., van Straten, A., Twisk, J., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2008) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.1094 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Strategies to improve retention in randomised trials: a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis
Brueton, V. C., Tierney, J. F., Stenning, S., Meredith, S., Harding, S., Nazareth, I., & Rait, G. (2014) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003821 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Clinician-Assisted Internet-Based Treatment is Effective for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial
Perini, S., Titov, N., & Andrews, G. (2009) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00048670902873722 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Internet administered guided self-help versus individualized e-mail therapy: A randomized trial of two versions of CBT for major depression
Vernmark, K., Lenndin, J., Bjärehed, J., Carlsson, M., Karlsson, J., Öberg, J., Carlbring, P., Eriksson, T., & Andersson, G. (2010) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.01.005 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Effectiveness of and dropout from outpatient cognitive behavioral therapy for adult unipolar depression: A meta-analysis of nonrandomized effectiveness studies.
Hans, E., & Hiller, W. (2013) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0031080 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Assessing effectiveness of treatment of depression in primary care
Bedi, N., Chilvers, C. E. D., Churchill, D., Dewey, M. E., Duggan, C. F., Fielding, K., Gretton, V., Miller, P., Harrison, G. L., Lee, A., et al. (2000) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.177.4.312 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Standardized web-based cognitive behavioural therapy of mild to moderate depression: A randomized controlled trial with a long-term follow-up
Ruwaard, J., Schrieken, B., Schrijver, M., Broeksteeg, J., Dekker, J., Vermeulen, H., & Lange, A. (2009) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506070802408086 · Cited by 183 · cited 1× · see citing works
“study where the participants had a mean in the mild depression category.(30,38) The Farrer et al.”
Background
Datapoints: Psychotropic Drug Prescriptions by Medical Specialty
Mark, T. L., Levit, K. R., & Buck, J. A. (2009) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.2009.60.9.1167 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for mixed anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial and evidence of effectiveness in primary care
Newby, J. M., Mackenzie, A., Williams, A. D., McIntyre, K., Watts, S., Wong, N., & Andrews, G. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713000111 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Patients' perspectives on the management of emotional distress in primary care settings
Brody, D. S., Khaliq, A. A., & Thompson, T. L. (1997) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.1997.00070.x · Cited by 156 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of psychotherapy and medication in unipolar depression and dysthymia
Imel, Z. E., Malterer, M. B., McKay, K. M., & Wampold, B. E. (2008) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.03.018 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
The Clinical Effectiveness of Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy With Face-to-Face Therapist Support for Depressed Primary Care Patients: Randomized Controlled Trial
Høifødt, R. S., Lillevoll, K. R., Griffiths, K. M., Wilsgaard, T., Eisemann, M., Waterloo, K., & Kolstrup, N. (2013) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2714 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Internet-Based CBT for Depression with and without Telephone Tracking in a National Helpline: Randomised Controlled Trial
Farrer, L., Christensen, H., Griffiths, K. M., & Mackinnon, A. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028099 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Psychological interventions for major depression in primary care: a meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials
Bortolotti, B., Menchetti, M., Bellini, F., Montaguti, M. B., & Berardi, D. (2008) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2008.04.001 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Predictors of outcome of group and internet-based cognitive behavior therapy
Spek, V., Nyklíček, I., Cuijpers, P., & Pop, V. (2008) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.05.001 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Is computerised CBT really helpful for adult depression?-A meta-analytic re-evaluation of CCBT for adult depression in terms of clinical implementation and methodological validity
So, M., Yamaguchi, S., Hashimoto, S., Sado, M., Furukawa, T. A., & McCrone, P. (2013) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-13-113 · Cited by 129 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Of note, there was one meta-analysis investigation in which follow-up rates of depressive symptoms were found to be not significantly different from the control group.(25) The present meta-analysis also examined whether clinician assistance was a necessary prerequisite for the success of an iCBT program.”
Result
Effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: a meta-analysis
Twomey, C., O’Reilly, G., & Byrne, M. (2015) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmu060 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Web-Based Intervention Programs for Depression: A Scoping Review and Evaluation
Renton, T., Tang, H., Ennis, N., Cusimano, M. D., Bhalerao, S., Schweizer, T. A., & Topolovec-Vranic, J. (2014) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.3147 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
The promise and pitfalls of the internet for cognitive behavioral therapy
Andersson, G. (2010) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-8-82 · Cited by 114 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Baseline user requirements include the ability to use the computer and comprehend material delivered via text, video, audio, etc.(15) Challenges in developing iCBT programs include: ensuring confidentiality and secure access, developing cost-effective, engaging programs and recruiting practitioners who have the traini…”
Background
Negative attitudes toward help seeking for mental illness in 2 population-based surveys from the United States and Canada
Jagdeo, A., Cox, B. J., Stein, M. B., & Sareen, J. (2009) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370905401106 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Computerized cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety and depression in rural areas:a systematic review
Vallury, K. D., Jones, M., & Oosterbroek, C. (2015) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.4145 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Computer-assisted cognitive–behavior therapy for depression.
Eells, T. D., Barrett, M. S., Wright, J. H., & Thase, M. (2014) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/a0032406 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The UniWellbeing course: A randomised controlled trial of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) programme for university students with symptoms of anxiety and depression
Mullin, A., Dear, B. F., Karin, E., Wootton, B. M., Staples, L., Johnston, L., Gandy, M., Fogliati, V. J., & Titov, N. (2015) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2015.02.002 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Internetbasierte Ansätze in der Prävention und Behandlung von depressiven Beschwerden bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen
Wiencke, C., Lehr, D., Berking, M., Ebert, D. D., Sieland, B., Riper, H. M., & Berking, M. (2014) · Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie · doi:10.13109/prkk.2014.63.5.395 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

The Handbook of Behavior Change
Hagger, M. S., Cameron, L. D., Hamilton, K., Hankonen, N. E., & Lintunen, T. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Changing Behavior Using the Theory of Planned Behavior
Ajzen, I., & Schmidt, P. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.002 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Providing Human Support for the Use of Digital Mental Health Interventions: Systematic Meta-review
Werntz, A., Amado, S., Jasman, M., Ervin, A., & Rhodes, J. E. (2023) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/42864 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
“…way involved in the dissemination of information to the study participants, whether through discussion forums, email, telephone, etc Sztein et al [6], 2018 Not guided (although may have included automated text messages or emails) Therapist-guided (included phone calls, personalized written…”
Changing Behavior Using the Model of Action Phases
Keller, L., Gollwitzer, P. M., & Sheeran, P. (2020) · The Handbook of Behavior Change · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.006 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Web-Based Bereavement Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Wagner, B., Rosenberg, N., Hofmann, L., & Maaß, U. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00525 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
“, (72) for larger effects] and the effects of general PGD interventions for secondary depression outcomes (8).”
Background
Changing Behavior Using the Health Action Process Approach
Schwarzer, R., & Hamilton, K. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.007 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Association Between Anxiety, Depression, and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke
Stein, L. A., Goldmann, E., Zamzam, A., Luciano, J. M., Messe, S. R., Cucchiara, B. L., Kasner, S. E., & Mullen, M. T. (2018) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00890 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“There are numerous potential barriers to mental health treatments, including social stigma, concerns about polypharmacy, cost, and therapeutic inertia (51, 52).”
Background
Working Alliance Inventory for Online Interventions-Short Form (WAI-TECH-SF): The Role of the Therapeutic Alliance between Patient and Online Program in Therapeutic Outcomes
Herrero, R., Vara, M. D., Miragall, M., Botella, C., García-Palacios, A., Riper, H., Kleiboer, A., & Baños, R. M. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17176169 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Examining the role of AI technology in online mental healthcare: opportunities, challenges, and implications, a mixed-methods review
Gutierrez, G., Stephenson, C., Eadie, J., Asadpour, K., & Alavi, N. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1356773 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Habit Interventions
Gardner, B., Rebar, A. L., & Lally, P. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.041 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Changing Behavior Using Social Cognitive Theory
Łuszczyńska, A., & Schwarzer, R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.003 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Guided LGBTQ-affirmative internet cognitive-behavioral therapy for sexual minority youth's mental health: A randomized controlled trial of a minority stress treatment approach
Pachankis, J. E., Soulliard, Z. A., Layland, E. K., Behari, K., Seager van Dyk, I., Eisenstadt, B. E., Chiaramonte, D., Ljótsson, B., Särnholm, J., & Bjureberg, J. (2023) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2023.104403 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Psychological Distress Associated With the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Aminoff, V., Sellén, M., Sörliden, E., Ludvigsson, M., Berg, M., & Andersson, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.684540 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-Efficacy Interventions
Warner, L. M., & French, D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.032 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Digital mental health interventions for the treatment of depression: A multiverse meta-analysis
Plessen, C. Y., Panagiotopoulou, O. M., Tong, L., Cuijpers, P., & Karyotaki, E. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.10.018 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Effectiveness of telemonitoring on self-care behaviors among community-dwelling adults with heart failure: a quantitative systematic review
Nick, J. M., Roberts, L. R., & Petersen, A. B. (2021) · JBI Evidence Synthesis · doi:10.11124/jbies-20-00329 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Changing Behavior Using Ecological Models
Salmon, J., Hesketh, K. D., Arundell, L., Downing, K. L., & Biddle, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.017 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Praxis der Teledermatologie
Augustin, M., Wimmer, J., Biedermann, T., Blaga, R., Dierks, C., Djamei, V., Elmer, A., Elsner, P. U., Enk, A., Gass, S., et al. (2018) · JDDG Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft · doi:10.1111/ddg.13512 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Addition of MoodGYM to physical treatments for chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial
Petrozzi, M. J., Leaver, A. M., Ferreira, P. H., Rubinstein, S. M., Jones, M. K., & Mackey, M. (2019) · Chiropractic & Manual Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12998-019-0277-4 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Internet-delivered CBT has provided immediate and sustained improvements in primary depressive symptoms at three and six months follow-ups [15].”
Background
Long-Term Efficacy of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Self-Help Programs for Adults With Depression: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Mamukashvili-Delau, M., Koburger, N., Dietrich, S., & Rummel‐Kluge, C. (2023) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/46925 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“A growing number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) [9-13] and meta-analyses [4,14-17] are reporting about the effectiveness of computer-based or iCBT self-help treatments for people with depression.”
Background
Changing Behavior Using Self-Determination Theory
Hagger, M. S., Hankonen, N. E., Chatzisarantis, N. L. D., & Ryan, R. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.008 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Winning The Game Against Depression: A Systematic Review of Video Games for the Treatment of Depressive Disorders
Ruiz, M., Moreno, M., Serrano, B. G., Díaz-Oliván, I., Muñoz, L. J., González‐Garrido, C., & Porras‐Segovia, A. (2022) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-022-01314-7 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Planning and Implementation Intention Interventions
Rhodes, R. E., Grant, S. J., & de Bruijn, G. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.039 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Attitudes and Persuasive Communication Interventions
Hamilton, K., & Johnson, B. T. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.031 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Changing Behavior Using Habit Theory
Orbell, S., & Verplanken, B. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.013 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Changing Behavior: A Theory- and Evidence-Based Approach
Hagger, M. S., Cameron, L. D., Hamilton, K., Hankonen, N. E., & Lintunen, T. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.001 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Effect of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavior Therapy vs Usual Care on Depression Among Adults in Primary Care
Wright, J. H., Owen, J. J., Eells, T. D., Antle, B. F., Bishop, L. B., Girdler, R. V., Harris, L. M., Wright, R. B., Wells, M. J., Gopalraj, R. K., et al. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46716 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Social Identity Interventions
Tarrant, M., Haslam, C., Carter, M., Calitri, R., & Haslam, S. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.044 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Examining an internet-delivered intervention for anxiety and depression when delivered as a part of routine care for university students: A phase IV trial
Dear, B. F., Johnson, B., Singh, A., Wilkes, B., Brkic, T., Gupta, R., Jones, M. P., Bailey, S., Dudeney, J., Gandy, M., et al. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.044 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Changing Behavior Using Integrated Theories
Hagger, M. S., & Hamilton, K. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.015 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Efficacy of computer- and/or internet-based cognitive-behavioral guided self-management for depression in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Mamukashvili-Delau, M., Koburger, N., Dietrich, S., & Rummel-Kluge, C. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04325-z · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The Efficacy of PowerPoint-based CBT Delivered Through Email: Breaking the Barriers to Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder
ALAVI, N., & HIRJI, A. (2020) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/pra.0000000000000455 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Changing Behavior Using the Transtheoretical Model
DiClemente, C. C., & Graydon, M. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.010 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Changing Behavior Using the Health Belief Model and Protection Motivation Theory
Orbell, S., Zahid, H., & Henderson, C. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.004 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Do the effects of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy (i-CBT) last after a year and beyond? A meta-analysis of 154 randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
Zainal, N. H., Soh, C. P., Doren, N. V., & Benjet, C. L. (2024) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102518 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Building Emotional Awareness and Mental Health (BEAM): A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of an App-Based Program for Mothers of Toddlers
MacKinnon, A., Simpson, K. M., Salisbury, M. R., Bobula, J., Penner-Goeke, L., Berard, L., Rioux, C., Giesbrecht, G., Giuliano, R. J., Lebel, C., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.880972 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Efficacy of an Electronic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program Delivered via the Online Psychotherapy Tool for Depression and Anxiety Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Pre-Post Pilot Study
Moghimi, E., Stephenson, C., Agarwal, A., Nikjoo, N., Malakouti, N., Layzell, G., O'Riordan, A., Jagayat, J., Shirazi, A., Gutierrez, G., et al. (2023) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/51102 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Changing Behavior by Changing Environments
Marteau, T. M., Fletcher, P. C., Hollands, G. J., & Munafo, M. R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.014 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Telepsychiatry in an Era of Digital Mental Health Startups
Achtyes, E. D., Glenn, T., Monteith, S., Geddes, J. R., Whybrow, P. C., Martini, J., & Bauer, M. (2023) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-023-01425-9 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Using the Online Psychotherapy Tool to Address Mental Health Problems in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Protocol for an Electronically Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program
Alavi, N., Yang, M., Stephenson, C., Nikjoo, N., Malakouti, N., Layzell, G., Jagayat, J., Shirazi, A., Groll, D., Omrani, M., et al. (2020) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/24913 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“E-CBT has proven to be efficacious in treating both anxiety and depressive disorders, with comparable results to in-person therapy [8-11].”
Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of Behavior Change Interventions: A Ten-Task Guide
Abraham, C., & Denford, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.019 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Changing Behavior Using the Reflective-Impulsive Model
Deutsch, R., & Strack, F. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.012 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Providing therapeutic services to women and children who have experienced intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges and learnings
Fogarty, A., Savopoulos, P., Seymour, M., Cox, A., Williams, K. L., Petrie, S., Herman, S., Toone, E., Schroeder, K., & Giallo, R. (2021) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105365 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“They also have a strong evidence base in many therapies including cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) (Sztein et al., 2018) acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) (Herbert et al., 2017),and parenting interventions (Comer et al., 2015).”
Update on the UC San Diego Healer Education Assessment and Referral (HEAR) Program
Norcross, W. A., Moutier, C. Y., Tiamson‐Kassab, M., Jong, P., Davidson, J. E., Lee, K. C., Newton, I. G., Downs, N. S., & Zisook, S. (2018) · Journal of Medical Regulation · doi:10.30770/2572-1852-104.2.17 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Dyadic Behavior Change Interventions
Scholz, U., Berli, C., Lüscher, J., & Knoll, N. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.043 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Developing Behavior Change Interventions
Hankonen, N. E., & Hardeman, W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.021 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Benefits of Digital Mental Health Care Interventions for Correctional Workers and Other Public Safety Personnel: A Narrative Review
Moghimi, E., Knyahnytska, Y., Omrani, M., Nikjoo, N., Stephenson, C., Layzell, G., Simpson, A. I. F., & Alavi, N. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.921527 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Most available evidence-based programs for PSP and CWs utilize CBT since it can be easily adapted for different mental disorders and populations (25, 62).”
Background
Moving from Theoretical Principles to Intervention Strategies: Applying the Experimental Medicine Approach
Rothman, A. J., Klein, W. M. P., & Sheeran, P. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.020 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Imagery, Visualization, and Mental Simulation Interventions
Hagger, M. S., & Conroy, D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.033 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Changing Behavior Using the Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation
Cameron, L. D., Fleszar‐Pavlović, S. E., & Khachikian, T. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.005 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Engagement of Stakeholders in the Design, Evaluation, and Implementation of Complex Interventions
Hudson, J. L., Moon, Z., Hughes, L. D., & Moss-Morris, R. E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.024 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Incentive-Based Interventions
Uri Gneezy, B., Kajackaite, A., & Meier, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.036 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Effectiveness of Digital Behavioral Activation Interventions for Depression and Anxiety: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Jia, E., Macon, J., Doering, M. M., & Abraham, J. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/68054 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Changing Behavior Using Theories at the Interpersonal, Organizational, Community, and Societal Levels
Ruiter, R. A. C., Crutzen, R., de Leeuw, E., & Kok, G. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.018 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Delivering an Online Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program to Address Mental Health Challenges Faced by Correctional Workers and Other Public Safety Personnel: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study
Alavi, N., Stephenson, C., Omrani, M., Gerritsen, C. J., Martin, M. S., Knyahnytskyi, A., Zhu, Y., Kumar, A., Jagayat, J., Shirazi, A., et al. (2021) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/30845 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“e-CBT has been shown to effectively treat a variety of mental health disorders, supported by several meta-analyses [34-37].”
Incorporating a Stepped Care Approach Into Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial
Jagayat, J., Kumar, A., Shao, Y., Pannu, A., Patel, C. B., Shirazi, A., Omrani, M., & Alavi, N. (2023) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/51704 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Many studies have shown the efficacy of i-CBT for depression and anxiety, with results comparable with those of traditional in-person CBT [11,16-20].”
Changing Behavior Using Social Identity Processes
Reynolds, K. J., Branscombe, N. R., Subašić, E., & Willis, L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.016 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Accessibility and Applicability of Currently Available e-Mental Health Programs for Depression for People With Poststroke Aphasia: Scoping Review
Clunne, S. J., Ryan, B., Hill, A. J., Brandenburg, C., & Kneebone, I. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.9864 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Implementation of a Technology-Enhanced Peer Mentor Referral System for First-Year University Students
Werntz, A. J., Jasman, M., Simeon, K. M., Gunasekaran, H., Yowell, C. M., & Rhodes, J. E. (2023) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-023-00303-8 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“…the potential of technology-delivered interventions in improving the depression (i.e. Domhardt et al., 2019; Grist et al., 2019; Heber et al., 2017; Sztein et al., 2018), anxiety (i.e. Grist et al., 2019; Heber et al., 2017; Sherifali et al., 2018), and stress (i.e. Heber et al., 2017; Sherifali…”
Background
Remote cognitive behavioral therapy for older adults with anxiety symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Ando, M., Kao, Y.-C., Lee, Y.-C., Tai, S.-A., Mendez, S. R., Sasaki, K., Wenze Tang, & Papatheodorou, S. (2023) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x231151788 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Monitoring Interventions
Webb, T. L., & de Bruin, M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.037 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Family Foundations To promote parent mental health and family functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia: A mixed methods evaluation
Giallo, R., Fogarty, A., Seymour, M., Skinner, L., Savopoulos, P., Bereznicki, A., Talevski, T., Ruthven, C., Bladon, S., Goldfeld, S. R., et al. (2021) · Journal of Family Studies · doi:10.1080/13229400.2021.2019606 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Although evidence for telehealth interventions for some conditions, including depression, existed prior to the pandemic (e.g. Backhaus et al., 2012; Sztein et al., 2018), the rapid transition to telehealth for most services and interventions (including FF) in recent times has been based on the…”
Background
Critical and Qualitative Approaches to Behavior Change
Chamberlain, K., & Lyons, A. C. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.030 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Maximizing User Engagement with Behavior Change Interventions
Yardley, L., Morrison, L. G., Müller, I., & Bradbury, K. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.025 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Computerized Psychological Interventions in Veterans and Service Members: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Pearson, R., Carl, E., & Creech, S. K. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/30065 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Meta-analyses have supported the efficacy of computerized psychological interventions in the treatment of depression [4-6], anxiety [4,7], posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; [8]), substance use disorders (SUDs; [9,10]), and insomnia [11], with effect sizes ranging from small [5,7,9] to…”
Background
Telehealth Increases Access to Brief Behavioral Interventions in an Orofacial Pain Clinic During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Study
Sangalli, L., Fernandez-Vial, D., Moreno‐Hay, I., & Boggero, I. A. (2021) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnab295 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The parenting skill development and education service: Telehealth support for families at risk of child maltreatment during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Fogarty, A., Jones, A., Seymour, M., Savopoulos, P., Evans, K., O’Brien, J., O'Dea, L., Clout, P., Auletta, S., & Giallo, R. (2021) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/cfs.12890 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Psychosomatic Rehabilitation Patients and the General Population During COVID-19: Online Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Study of Digital Trainings and Rehabilitation Effects
Keller, F. M., Dahmen, A., Derksen, C., Kötting, L., & Lippke, S. (2021) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/30610 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Several studies have examined the usefulness of electronically delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (eCBT), which has proven to be effective with regard to the treatment of anxiety and depression compared to regular in-person therapy [30,31].”
Background
Guided Internet-Delivered Treatment for Depression: Scoping Review
Børtveit, L., Dechsling, A., Sütterlin, S., Nordgreen, T., & Nordahl‐Hansen, A. (2022) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/37342 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“We implemented no limitations regarding participant age, which typically has been the case in previous reviews [10,11,16,20,51].”
Method
The Science of Behavior Change: The Road Ahead
Hagger, M. S., Cameron, L. D., Hamilton, K., Hankonen, N. E., & Lintunen, T. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.046 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Autonomy-Supportive Interventions
Reeve, J., & Cheon, S. H. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.035 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Implementation Science and Translation in Behavior Change
Łuszczyńska, A., Łobczowska, K., & Horodyska, K. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.023 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-Control Interventions
de Ridder, D. T. D., Gillebaart, M., & Friese, M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.040 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Goal Setting Interventions
Epton, T., & Armitage, C. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.038 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Cultural adaptation of the Smiling is Fun program for the treatment of depression in the Ecuadorian public health care system: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Quiñonez-Freire, C., Vara, M. D., Herrero, R., Mira, A., García‐Palacios, A., Botella, C., & Baños, R. (2020) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2020.100352 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Developing and Implementing a Web-Based Psychotherapy Program to Address Mental Health Challenges Among Patients Receiving Oncologic and Palliative Care: Protocol for an Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial
Alavi, N., Stephenson, C., Miller, S., Khalafi, P., Sinan, I., Kain, D., McDougall, M., Davies, J., Stark, D., Tompkins, E., et al. (2021) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/30735 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“More specifically, web-based delivery of cognitive behavioral therapy (e-CBT) has been shown to decrease depressive symptoms and sustain beneficial effects [9-12].”
Background
Telepsychology revolution in the mental health care delivery: a global overview of emerging clinical and legal issues
Sablone, S., Bellino, M., Lagona, V., Franco, T. P., Groicher, M., Risola, R., Violante, M. G., & Grattagliano, I. (2024) · Forensic Sciences Research · doi:10.1093/fsr/owae008 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“…efficacious in treating common mental health conditions experienced by veterans [48, 49], such as post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSDs) or other trauma and stressor-related imbalances [50], anxiety [51, 52], depression [53], intermittent explosive disorder [54], and substance use disorders [55].”
Background
The Building Emotional Awareness and Mental health (BEAM) program developed with a community partner for mothers of infants: protocol for a feasibility randomized controlled trial
Joyce, K., Rioux, C., MacKinnon, A., Katz, L. Y., Reynolds, K., Kelly, L. E., Klassen, T., Afifi, T., Mushquash, A. R., Clement, F. M., et al. (2023) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-023-01260-y · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Evaluation of Behavior Change Interventions
Matthews, L., & Simpson, S. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.022 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Motivational Interviewing Interventions
Berman, A. H., Beckman, M., & Lindqvist, H. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.045 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
State of the Mind: Growing up with HIV
Bartlett, A. W., Williams, P. C. M., Jantarabenjakul, W., & Kerr, S. J. (2020) · Pediatric Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40272-020-00415-1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Economic and Behavioral Economic Approaches to Behavior Change
Brown, P. M., Cameron, L. D., Wilkinson, M., & Taylor, D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.042 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
„iFightDepression“ im stationären Setting
Schwarz, J., Mauche, N., Oehler, C., Rummel-Kluge, C., Hegerl, U., & Strauss, M. (2021) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-021-01214-w · Cited by 4 · see citing works
We Cannot Put This Genie Back in the Bottle: Qualitative Interview Study Among Family Medicine Providers About Their Experiences With Virtual Visits During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Spiess, S., Gardner, E., Turner, C., Galt, A., Fortenberry, K. T., Ho, T. F., Knox, J., & Ose, D. J. (2023) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/43877 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Before the pandemic, virtual care visits were effective conduits for treating patients with anxiety and depression, increasing patient access to specialists, and providing personalized chronic disease management [5-8].”
Changing Behavior Using Integrative Self-Control Theory
Hofmann, W., Dohle, S., & Diel, K. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.011 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Affect-Based Interventions
Conner, M. T., Williams, D. M., & Rhodes, R. E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.034 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Addressing Underserved Populations and Disparities in Behavior Change
Schüz, B., & Hooper, M. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.027 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Comparing clinical decision-making of AI technology to a multi-professional care team in an electronic cognitive behavioural therapy program for depression: protocol
Stephenson, C., Jagayat, J., Kumar, A., Khamooshi, P., Eadie, J., Pannu, A., Meartsi, D., Danaee, E., Gutiérrez, G., Khan, F., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1220607 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“…e-CBT content can make mental health care more scalable and affordable and address the general concerns of most individuals with mild to moderate symptoms (8, 9, 21, 22), individuals with severe symptoms may require further intensive clinical interventions and clinician involvement (22, 23).”
Background
Changing Behavior in the Digital Age
Kavanagh, D. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.029 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Comparison of clinical indicators between face-to-face and videoconferencing psychotherapy: Success, adherence to treatment and efficiency
Fernández-Regueras, D., Elvira, A. C., & Guerrero-Escagedo, M. C. (2023) · Behavioral Psychology/Psicología Conductual · doi:10.51668/bp.8323306n · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“There is substantial research evidence supporting the effectiveness of telepsychological interventions using cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBT) for various conditions, as evidenced by systematic reviews and meta-analyses (e.g., Grist & Cavanagh, 2013; Sztein et al., 2018).”
Background
Who benefits from indirect prevention and treatment of depression using an online intervention for insomnia? Results from an individual-participant data meta-analysis
Thielecke, J., Kuper, P. R., Lehr, D., Schuurmans, L., Harrer, M., Ebert, D. D., Cuijpers, P. J., Behrendt, D., Brückner, H., Horvath, H., et al. (2024) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291724000527 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Internet‐based cognitive behavioural therapy programme with and without videoconference guidance sessions: A randomized controlled trial to treat work‐related symptoms of anxiety and depression
Elvira, A. C., Santacreu, M., Giráldez, C. A. M., & Shih, P. (2021) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2571 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Using a Patient Safety/Quality Improvement Model to Assess Telehealth for Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Services Among Special Populations During COVID-19 and Beyond
Li, L., & Childs, A. W. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/pra.0000000000000555 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The technological revolution in mental health: opportunities, challenges, and practical recommendations
Ophir, Y., & Rosenberg, H. (2026) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-025-06441-z · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Utilization of healthcare and prescription medicines after non-pharmacological interventions for depression - A 3-year register follow-up of an RCT in primary care
Bondesson, E., Jöud, A., Stigmar, K. G. E., Ringqvist, Å., Kraepelien, M., Kaldo, V., Wettermark, B., Forsell, Y., Petersson, I. F., & Schelin, M. E. C. (2021) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101658 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…such option, since it has been shown to have treatment effects comparable to face-to-face CBT (Andersson et al., 2019; P ˘ as ˘ arelu et al., 2017; Sztein et al., 2018), while allowing the therapist to treat four times as many patients in the same amount of time (Andersson et al., 2014), and is…”
Nur auf Einladung? Wie die Rekrutierungsstrategie beeinflusst, wer online behandelt wird
Zagorscak, P., Bohn, J., Heinrich, M., Kampisiou, C., & Knaevelsrud, C. (2019) · Verhaltenstherapie · doi:10.1159/000502018 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Virtual versus Face-to-Face Cognitive Behavioral Treatment of Depression: Meta-Analytic Test of a Noninferiority Hypothesis and Men’s Mental Health Inequities
Charron, C., & Gorey, K. M. (2022) · Depression Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2022/2972219 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Terapia cognitiva con entrega virtual en trastorno depresivo persistente: estudio de caso
García, N. B. (2019) · Clínica Contemporánea · doi:10.5093/cc2019a21 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Changing Behavior Using Control Theory
Mansell, W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.009 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
INTERVENÇÕES COGNITIVO-COMPORTAMENTAIS BASEADAS NA INTERNET AUTOGUIADAS PARA ADOLESCENTES: UMA REVISÃO
Tavares, I., Pieta, M. A. M., Pedroso, M. E., & Dias, A. C. G. (2021) · Revista Brasileira de Terapias Cognitivas · doi:10.5935/1808-5687.20210018 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

The efficacy, acceptability and satisfaction of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with the absence of professional guidance for depression in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysisPreprint
Li, S., Gao, S., Shi, X., Guo, Y., & Xu, T. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3479766/v1
Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Individuals With Depression and Chronic Health Conditions: A Systematic Review
Adhikary, D., Barman, S., & Ranjan, R. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.37822 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for subthreshold depression in people over 50 years old
Spek, V. (2007) · Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)
Internettherapie bij depressieve klachten: een gerandomiseerde studie
Warmerdam, L., van Straten, A., & Cuijpers, P. J. (2009) · Psychologie & gezondheid · doi:10.1007/bf03080401 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Managing depression via the Internet : self-report measures, treatment & relapse prevention
Holländare, F. (2011) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)

Authors: Sztein, D. M., Koransky, C. E., Fegan, L., & Himelhoch, S.
Affiliations: University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
Corresponding author: Sztein, Dina M
ORCID: Himelhoch, Seth
Venue: Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2017-07-11
Volume: 24
Issue: 8
Pages: 527-539
ISSN: 1357-633X (ISSN-L)
1758-1109
DOI: 10.1177/1357633x17717402
OpenAlex: W2776959657
Semantic Scholar: 7e2fbea7bc194e627a1c6fce6a9a8acc65d3e710
Cited by: 135
References: 51
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5
FWCI: 2.10
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
Keywords: internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy, depressive symptoms, mild to moderate depression, online therapy, treatment efficacy, sustained treatment effects, access to mental health care
MeSH terms: Adult, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Waiting Lists, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Internet, PubMed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy delivered over the Internet for depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks