Sexting coercion as a component of intimate partner polyvictimization
Abstract
We examined the role of sexting coercion as a component of the intimate partner abuse (IPA) construct among young adults to determine whether sexting coercion would emerge alongside other forms of partner aggression as a cumulative risk factor for psychological, sexual, and attachment problems. In a sample of 885 undergraduates (301 men and 584 women), 40% had experienced some type of coercion. Although there was some overlap between sexual coercion and sexting coercion (21% of participants had experienced both), some individuals had experienced only sexting coercion (8%) and some only sexual coercion (11%). Women were more likely than men to be coerced into sexting. Both sexting coercion and sexual coercion were significantly and independently related to negative mental health symptoms, sexual problems, and attachment dysfunction, and, notably, sexting coercion was found to be a cumulative risk factor for nearly all of these negative effects. These data support the idea that digital sexual victimization is a new component of IPA polyvictimization, potentially increasing the negative effects experienced by victims of multiple forms of partner aggression.
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Two studies found no association between avoidance and sexual IPV victimization or no differences on avoidance scores between individuals with and without sexual IPV victimization.
“However, two studies did not go in the same direction, finding no association between avoidance and sexual IPV victimization (Karakurt et al., 2013) or no differences on avoidance scores between individuals with and without sexual IPV victimization (Ross et al., 2016).”
From Exploring Relationships: A Systematic Review on Intimate Partner Violence and Attachment (2018) · cites this paper as Ross et al., 2016
Ross et al. (2016) indicated that individuals with a history of sexual IPV scored higher on the anxious dimension of the ECR-S compared to participants without experiences of sexual IPV.
“Also, results of Ross et al. (2016) indicated that individuals with history of sexual IPV scored higher on the anxious dimension of the Experiences in Close Relationships-Short form (ECR-S, Wei et al., 2007) compared to participants without experiences of sexual IPV.”
From Exploring Relationships: A Systematic Review on Intimate Partner Violence and Attachment (2018) · cites this paper as Ross et al., 2016
Prior intimate partner violence predicts subsequent sextortion, particularly during crisis periods such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
“Prior intimate partner violence predicts subsequent sextortion particularly during crisis periods such as the COVID 19 pandemic when shared images are weaponized to maintain control (Ross et al., 2019; Bates, 2017; Eaton et al., 2023).”
From Constructing Offender Typologies From Judicial Data: A Clustering Analysis of Sextortion Cases (2026) · cites this paper as Ross et al., 2019
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“A similar conclusion is drawn from a survey of undergraduate students (n=885, constituted by 584 women and 301 men) of sexting and in-person sexual coercion, which showed that sexting independently contributed to psychological, emotional and sexual problems in women (Ross et al., 2019).”
BackgroundA Bad Romance: Sexting Motivations and Teen Dating Violence
Bianchi, D., Morelli, M., Nappa, M. R., Baiocco, R., & Chirumbolo, A. (2018) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260518817037 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“Sexting in general was found to be linked to dating victimization (Ross et al., 2016).”
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“Moreover, some women find the act coercive and feel that they are being manipulated into sending a similar picture in response (Ross et al., 2016).”
BackgroundNonconsensual Sharing of Private Sexually Explicit Media Among University Students
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“Third, cyber DA perpetration was operationalized with the PATS, which is not a comprehensive measure of cyber DA as it does not include sexual cyber DA (e.g., coercive sexting, revenge porn, sending unwanted sexually explicit images; Ross et al., 2019) or distinguish between subtypes of cyber DA (e.”
MethodA sex-positive mixed methods approach to sexting experiences among college students
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“Prior work has found that sexting is considered a risky behavior, and when sexting coercion is involved, it has been found to have a negative impact on mental health (Mitchell et al., 2012; Ross, Drouin, & Coupe, 2016).”
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“This finding aligns with recent research that found poly-victimization was wide-spread on college campuses (DeKeseredy et al., 2019; Kaasa et al., 2016; Ross et al., 2016; Snyder et al., 2021).”
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“, attachment dysfunction, sexual problems, and negative mental health symptoms) than experiencing a single type of abuse in adolescents and adults (Katz et al., 2008; Ross et al., 2019; Sabrina & Straus, 2008; Turner et al., 2010).”
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A first investigation into gender minority adolescents’ sexting experiences
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“However, other studies have found women to be 1.3 times (Ross et al., 2019) to twice (Englander, 2012; Lippman & Campbell, 2014) as likely than men to be pressured into sending a sext.”
InfluentialCornelius, T. L., Bell, K. M., Kistler, T., & Drouin, M. A. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17197141 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Drouin, Coupe, and Temple [14] examined how relationship context (casual versus committed) may affect the perceived consequences of sexting.”
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“6% of young women who reported sexual violence had also experienced at least one form of cyber aggression (Ross et al., 2019).”
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“…studies have solely focused on IBSA, with some exploring a single form of IBSA, such as the nonconsensual distribution of intimate images [12, 13, 83, 106, 120] or sexting coercion [29, 82, 105], and others a range of different IBSA behaviors within a single survey [27, 59, 60, 74, 81, 102, 110].”
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“According to Madigan et al. (2018), mean prevalence of online solicitation in young people was 11.5%, while figures reported by Finkelhor et al. (2002) in the USA are comparatively lower than those reported for adult women in the present study, with the only exception of IBSA.”
InfluentialAn Evidence Synthesis of Covert Online Strategies Regarding Intimate Partner Violence
Grimani, A., Gavine, A. J., & Moncur, W. (2020) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838020957985 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“They also extended preexisting coercive behavior online via sexting coercion (Ross et al., 2016).”
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“Ross et al. (2016) found that an even larger proportion reported all three types of victimization, about 15% of males and 22.5% of females.”
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“a clear association between sexting coercion, anxiety and depression (Drouin et al., 2015; Klettke et al., 2019; Ross et al., 2016), but they differ from Klettke et al.”
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“college students’ intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization (e.g., DeKeseredy et al., 2019a; Ross et al., 2019; Sabina & Straus, 2008).”
BackgroundTechnology-facilitated sexual violence: a review of virtual violence against women
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“The extent or effect of polyvictimization on college students has only rarely been studied (Ross et al. 2019), although some work has been performed on mental health (Sabina and Straus 2008).”
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“Discussing these topics is vital as sexting coercion is related to other forms of intimate partner aggression (Cornelius et al., 2020; Drouin et al., 2015; Ross et al., 2019) and sometimes perceived as even more traumatic than sexual coercion (Drouin et al.”
BackgroundBenítez‐Hidalgo, V., Montiel, J. H., Ruíz-Pérez, I., & Pastor‐Moreno, G. (2023) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdad182 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
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“Studies have shown that women send willing unwanted sexts more frequently than men [4] as an extension of flirting or foreplay [9], out of felt responsibility for relationship maintenance and sexual compliance [8].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialInvestigating the relationship between sexting and sexual coercion
Noorishad, P.-G., & Trottier, D. (2022) · Sexologies · doi:10.1016/j.sexol.2021.11.004 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The Role of Consent and Motivations in Sext Dissemination
Clancy, E. M., Hallford, D. J., March, E., Howard, D., Toumbourou, J. W., & Klettke, B. (2023) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605231163886 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Dolev-Cohen, M., & Shaul, H. (2025) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2025.108777 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Llano-Suárez, A., Fernández‐Feito, A., García-Díaz, V., & Lana, A. (2023) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1007/s13178-023-00854-8 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“In this regard, there are huge differences in terms of the residential environment of university students in Europe, including Spain, and countries from North America, especially the USA.”
InfluentialKokkinos, C. M., Krommida, C., Markos, A., & Voulgaridou, I. (2023) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-023-02762-9 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Consistent with previous research (e.g., Klettke et al., 2019; Ross et al., 2019), males reported a more frequent involvement in both consensual and non-consensual sexting than females.”
T(w)een sexting and sexual behaviour: (d)evaluating the feminine other
Gómez, A. G. (2019) · Psychology and Sexuality · doi:10.1080/19419899.2019.1699154 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“This goes in line with Schippers’ (2007) claim that showing sexual assertiveness is ‘stigmatised and sanctioned when embodied by women.”
BackgroundIs This WhatsApp Conversation Aggressive? Adolescents’ Perception of Cyber Dating Aggression
Sánchez, V., Rodríguez‐deArriba, M., & Muñoz‐Fernández, N. (2021) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605211028011 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Studies on cyber dating sexual aggression indicate that the exchange of sexual content generates conflict within the relationship, which could lead to other aggressive behaviors, such as face-to-face sexual coercion (Drouin et al., 2015; Ross et al., 2019).”
BackgroundA Critical Analysis of the Prevalence of Technology-Facilitated Abuse in US College Students
Gupta, N., Das, S., Walsh, K., & Chatterjee, R. (2024) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3613905.3652036 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“College students may overuse and abuse technology [72, 75], face harassment on social media [41, 80], rely on technology for dating [31], and share intimate images for “sexting” [50, 65, 106, 107, 109, 114].”
Huntington, C., & RHOADES, G. K. (2021) · Sexual & Relationship Therapy · doi:10.1080/14681994.2021.1931096 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“To the extent that their participation in sexting is coerced, adolescents’ acquiescence to participating may reflect unhealthy attachment patterns (Drouin & Landgraff, 2012; Ross et al., 2019).”
BackgroundHarvey, C. A., Harvey, T. A., & Thompson, A. E. (2019) · Sexuality & Culture · doi:10.1007/s12119-019-09658-8 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Garner, A. R., Brem, M. J., Shorey, R. C., Hamlin, J. S., & Stuart, G. L. (2022) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2022.107385 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Træen, B., & Kvalem, I. L. (2023) · Sexuality & Culture · doi:10.1007/s12119-022-10028-0 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Research has shown that girls/women are more often coerced into sending nudes than men (Laird et al., 2021; Ross et al., 2019).”
BackgroundYoung Women’s Experiences With Technology-Facilitated Sexual Violence From Male Strangers
Salerno‐Ferraro, A. C., Erentzen, C. A., & Schuller, R. A. (2022) · doi:10.32920/21418098 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Benítez‐Hidalgo, V., Pastor‐Moreno, G., Ruiz-Pérez, I., & Amaya-Santos, S. (2026) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-026-26260-4 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“For instance, Benítez-Hidalgo et al. [21] and Ross et al. [33] included partner and non-partner violence or non-sexual intimate partner aggression, respectively, as separate control variables in their models.”
InfluentialGarrido‐Macías, M., Herrera, A., Alonso-Ferres, M., & Herrera, M. C. (2023) · Anales de Psicología · doi:10.6018/analesps.514431 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Specifically, several studies have found relationships between sexting and aggressive online and offline behaviors, including online sexual victimization and sexual coercion (e.g., Choi et al., 2016; Gámez-Guadix et al., 2015; Ross et al., 2019).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAnalysis of the Relationship Between Sexual Violence and Assertive Behavior in Young Spanish Adults
López-Barranco, P. J., Jiménez‐Ruiz, I., Leal‐Costa, C., & Jiménez‐Barbero, J. A. (2023) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1007/s13178-023-00928-7 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“However, there is evidence that women experience significantly more sexual violence than men (Daff et al., 2018; Ross et al., 2019).”
Sexting coercion within romantic context: a test of Akers’ social learning theory
Dodaj, A., & Sesar, K. (2023) · Journal of Sexual Aggression · doi:10.1080/13552600.2023.2182377 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Sexting coercion is considered a form of intimate partner relationship (Drouin et al., 2015; Ross et al., 2019).”
BackgroundPsychopathological profile of sexting coercion perpetrators
Gassó, A. M., & Durán, E. L. G. (2021) · Revista Española de Medicina Legal · doi:10.1016/j.reml.2021.02.004 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Radebe, F. M., & Njenga, K. (2024) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci14010012 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Weiss, B. R. (2020) · Social Problems · doi:10.1093/socpro/spaa007 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
21. Yüzyılda Çocukları ve Gençleri Bekleyen Siber Riskler
Bacıoğlu, S. D. (2022) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.896800 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Do individuals interpret sexting as an indicator of sexual intent and sexual consent?
Yager, R., Drouin, M. A., & Cornelius, T. L. (2024) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2024.108530 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sexting for the Right Reasons: A Longitudinal Mediation Study
Meier, S. M., Marin-Dragu, S., McArthur, J. L., Cormier, M., Kelso, A., Dölek, S., Blais, J., Chorney, J. M. L., Rosen, N. O., & Stewart, S. H. (2025) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-025-03153-y · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“For example, Ross et al. (2019) examined sexting coercion as a form of intimate partner abuse and found that women were more likely than men to be coerced into sexting, which in turn was associated with multiple adverse outcomes (Ross et al., 2019).”
Violence Against Women on Social Networks: A Descriptive Analysis
López-Barranco, P. J., López-Yepes, S., Ferrer, M. B. C., Fuentes, P., Beladiez-Pérez, M. D. M., & Jiménez‐Ruiz, I. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13202574 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“International studies have found similar results, indicating a high prevalence of victimization for women in intimate relationships, with social networks being the medium through which this form of violence is experienced [25,26].”
Prevention of sexting among high school students: preventive programme proposal
Dodaj, A., & Sesar, K. (2023) · Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna · doi:10.15557/pipk.2022.0034 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Aggression Through Mobile Communication
Walrave, M., Ouytsel, J. V., & Ponnet, K. S. (2020) · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190864385.013.38 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Violencia digital contra las mujeres como forma de violencia de género
Estiarte, C. V., & Méndez-Hernández, J. (2025) · Oñati Socio-legal Series · doi:10.35295/osls.iisl.2492 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
DIGITAL VIOLENCE AND WOMEN: SYSTEMATIZATION OF RESEARCHS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
DUMAN, M. Ç. (2023) · Anadolu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.53443/anadoluibfd.1187094 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Greek sexting landscape: Uncovering consequences beyond the selfie
Ntountoumi, L., Ιωάννου, Μ., Synnott, J., Tzani, C., Morelli, M., Chirumbolo, A., & Drouin, M. (2024) · Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling · doi:10.1002/jip.1642 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Reed, L. A., Brown, M. L., Mazzio, A. K., Messing, J. T., Grimm, K. J., Wachter, K., Jiwatram-Negrón, T., & Gonzalez‐Pons, K. M. (2024) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605241268782 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“In a study of college students who experienced online and offline forms of IPV, sexting coercion was independently and significantly related to mental health problems, sexual problems, and attachment dysfunction (Ross et al., 2019).”
Young People’s Reasons for and Emotional Reactions to Sexting in Intimate Relationships
Isotalo, A., & Antfolk, J. (2024) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2024.2410335 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Studies have also found that young women are more often pressured or coerced into sexting in relationships than young men (Kernsmith et al., 2018; Ross et al., 2019; Titchen et al., 2019).”
McCollam, R., Mullaney, A., & Lee, A. J. (2021) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2021.110999 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Jeanfreau, M. M., Holden, C. L., Wright, L., & Thompson, R. A. (2021) · The Family Journal · doi:10.1177/10664807211000721 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Potential Benefits of Sexting among Long-term Monogamous Romantic Partners
Tin, J. J., Williams, V. S., & Montano, S. A. (2022) · Journal of Counseling Sexology and Sexual Wellness · doi:10.34296/03021053 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Adolescentes e redes sociais: violência de gênero, sexting e cyberbullying no filme Ferrugem
Lordello, S. R., Souza, L., & Coelho, L. D. A. M. (2019) · Nova Perspectiva Sistêmica · doi:10.38034/nps.v28i65.538 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Assessing Polyvictimization in a Family Justice Center: Lessons Learned From a Demonstration Project
Dagenhardt, D. M. R., Mersky, J. P., Topitzes, J., Schubert, E., & Krushas, A. E. (2021) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605211027998 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Toxic Relationships: A Multidisciplinary Exploration of Mental Health Implications
Mukhopadhyay, J., Singh, R., & Bhattacharjee, A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-0986-4_8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sexting Motivation Scale (EMS) in Peruvian Youth
Palomino-Ccasa, J., Shupingahua, A. T., Chuqui, L. P. T., Sánchez, J. K. S., Diaz, M. Y. T., Malca-Peralta, S. S., & Millones-Liza, D. Y. (2025) · Sexes · doi:10.3390/sexes6020020 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Likewise, it can be used for revenge by an ex-partner to coerce the victim into resuming the relationship or to extort victims for money by threatening to distribute the images if demands are not met [18,24] (Bianchi et al., 2021; Ross et al., 2019).”
Association Between Sexting and Different Types of Sexual Violence: A Meta-Analysis
Favilli, M., López-Palanca, I., Fernández‐Felipe, I., & Esparza-Reig, J. (2026) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-026-03526-x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“In contrast, sextortion involves coercive tactics such as pressure, threats, or persistent solicitation to obtain sexual content against someone’s will (Bar-roso et al., 2021; Morelli et al., 2021; Ross et al., 2019).”
O SEXTING NO BRASIL: A PERCEPÇÃO SOBRE MENSAGENS SEXUAIS
Souza, L., & Lordello, S. R. (2023) · Psicologia em Estudo · doi:10.4025/psicolestud.v28i0.54662 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Outra preconcepção revelada foi a percepção de que os riscos atrelados ao sexting são inerentes à prática, porém, a literatura indica que os riscos não são do sexting em si, mas sim violências possivelmente atreladas ao ato (Ross et al., 2019; Temple & Choi, 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialJensen, M. C., Garner, A. R., Basting, E. J., Medenblik, A. M., Sullivan, J., Son, S., & Stuart, G. L. (2024) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/vv-2024-0065 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Challenges in International Human Rights Law
Sjöholm, M. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15866-7_3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sexual Coercion: Sexual Offending Comparison
Higgs, T., & Lapierre, A. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85493-5_2101-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Constructing Offender Typologies From Judicial Data: A Clustering Analysis of Sextortion Cases
Wang, F., & Pei, W. (2026) · Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1177/10790632261434143
“Prior intimate partner violence predicts subsequent sextortion particularly during crisis periods such as the COVID 19 pandemic when shared images are weaponized to maintain control (Ross et al., 2019; Bates, 2017; Eaton et al., 2023).”
Young Women’s Experiences With Technology-Facilitated Sexual Violence From Male Strangers
Salerno‐Ferraro, A. C., Erentzen, C. A., & Schuller, R. A. (2022) · doi:10.32920/21418098.v1
Online Gender-Based Offences and International Human Rights Law
Sjöholm, M. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15866-7_4
Polyvictimization and Academic Performance: Findings From a National-Level Study of College Students
Hancock, K. P., & Daigle, L. E. (2023) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/vv-2021-0053
Does Anxiety Attachment Determine Sexting? A Meta-Analysis
Rahardjo, W., & Andayani, T. R. (2024) · Buletin Psikologi · doi:10.22146/buletinpsikologi.91772
“The internal factors found to trigger sexting are sexual sensation seeking (Rahardjo et al., 2015), low self-control (Reyns et al., 2014), and subjective norms (Walrave et al., 2014), or clinical reasons such as sexual coercion or sexual abuse (Rollero et al., 2023; Ross et al., 2019).”
BackgroundHancock, K. P., Daigle, L. E., Nelloms, S., & Chen, F. R. (2024) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2024.2423231
“6.”
Parpottas, P., & Spyrou, I. (2025) · Advances in social networking and online communities book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-4191-9.ch010
Ahn, C. K., Nagata, J. M., Rodgers, R. F., Testa, A. M., & Ganson, K. T. (2025) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101976
Factores Asociados al Sexting en Niñas, Niños y Adolescentes: Una revisión narrativa
Vega-Arce, M., Núñez-Ulloa, G., la Mora, D. A. L.-D., & Salas, G. (2025) · Acta Colombiana de Psicología · doi:10.14718/acp.2025.28.17
Gomes, A., & Condeças, A. (2026) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2026.2647215
“…verbal coercion is often perceived as a more “subtle” form of pressure, research has demonstrated its significant negative consequences, including decreased relationship satisfaction (Katz & Tirone, 2009), mental health symptoms, sexual dysfunction, and insecure attachment (Ross et al., 2019).”
Technology-Facilitated Sexual Victimization: Correlates and Outcomes Among Emerging Adults
Rogowski, B., Harsey, S. J., McEntarffer, H., Wickham, R. E., Barger, S. D., & Noll, L. K. (2026) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2026.2677207
- Authors
- Ross, J. M., Drouin, M., & Coupe, A.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University – Purdue University Fort Wayne (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ross, Jody M.
- Venue
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2016-07-20
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2269-2291
- ISSN
- 0886-2605 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-6518
- OpenAlex
- W2492200026
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 13.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Opus: Research & Creativity (Indiana University – Purdue University Fort Wayne) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Stalking, Cyberstalking, and Harassment
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Keywords
- intimate partner violence, polyvictimization, sexual coercion, cumulative risk factors, psychiatric symptoms, sexual dysfunction, young adults, gender differences
- MeSH terms
- Intimate Partner Violence, Aggression, Coercion, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Risk Factors, Sexual Behavior, Sexual Partners, Students, Crime Victims, Young Adult, Text Messaging
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