The Teenage Brain: Surging Hormones—Brain-Behavior Interactions During Puberty
Open accessAbstract
In this paper, we discuss the surging hormones of puberty and their influences on adolescent behavior. We describe why these issues represent an interesting and important area of investigation, emphasizing their contributions to a specific set of developmental processes at the heart of the transition from childhood to adolescence. We briefly review the neuroendocrine underpinnings of human puberty. Our review focuses on evidence for behavioral (and neurobehavioral) effects of gonadal hormones and emphasizes the social and affective dimensions of these hormonal effects. More broadly, we consider how these hormonal events contribute to brain-behavior interactions that can bias early adolescent trajectories in both positive and negative directions, and in ways that may begin as small influences but can spiral into large-scale effects over time. These influences also appear to play an important role in functional and structural brain development during adolescence. Finally, we offer some thoughts on directions for future research in these areas.
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Hormone-related changes sensitize the adolescent brain to reward.
“It is thought that these hormone-related changes sensitize the adolescent brain to reward (Forbes and Dahl, 2010, Peper and Dahl, 2013), as appears to be the case in animal studies (Alexander et al., 1994, Clark et al., 1996, Miele et al., 1988).”
From The dual systems model: Review, reappraisal, and reaffirmation (2016) · cites this paper as Peper and Dahl, 2013
At the seventh day of the menstrual cycle, hormone levels are less influenced by fluctuations in the cycle.
“At the seventh day of the menstrual cycle hormone levels are less influenced by fluctuations in the cycle (Mihm et al., 2011;Peper and Dahl, 2013).”
From Longitudinal Changes in Adolescent Risk-Taking: A Comprehensive Study of Neural Responses to Rewards, Pubertal Development, and Risk-Taking Behavior (2015) · cites this paper as Peper and Dahl, 2013
The Estradiol section says estradiol levels are relatively high in the mid-luteal phase, but it does not discuss hormone stability on the seventh day of the cycle. Searches for day seven and the follicular phase found no passage addressing the claimed reduction in fluctuations; page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.74)
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- Authors
- Peper, J. S., & Dahl, R. E.
- Affiliations
- Leiden University (NL)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dahl, Ronald E.
- Venue
- Current Directions in Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2013-04
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 134-139
- ISSN
- 0963-7214 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-8721
- PMC
- PMC4539143
- OpenAlex
- W1973688510
- Cited by
- 284
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 23.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Directions in Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (451-10-007)
- National Institute of Mental Health (P50MH080215)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD057893)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- puberty, adolescent behavior, gonadal hormones, brain-behavior relationship, social-emotional development, transition from childhood to adolescence
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