How consistent is sluggish cognitive tempo across occasions, sources, and settings? Evidence from latent state-trait modeling
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Research has yet to determine how much of the variance in sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptom ratings is consistent across occasions, sources, and settings versus specific to occasion, source, and setting. Our first objective was to determine the amount of variance in SCT ratings that was consistent ( trait consistency) across three occasions of measurement over 12 months versus specific to the occasion ( occasion-specificity) with ratings by mothers, fathers, primary teachers, and secondary teachers of 811 Spanish children. Our second objective was then to determine the convergent validity for trait consistency and occasion-specificity variance components within and across settings. SCT ratings reflected mostly trait consistency for mothers, fathers, and primary teachers (less so for secondary teachers) with the convergent validity for trait consistency also being strong for mothers with fathers and for primary teachers with secondary teachers. Across home and school, however, convergent validity for trait consistency was low and even lower for occasion-specificity. SCT appears to be more trait-like rather than state-like, with similar levels of trait consistency across occasions and convergent validity within settings as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in a prior study. However, SCT symptoms had slightly weaker convergent validity for trait consistency across settings relative to ADHD symptoms.
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SCT elevations have been reported in children exposed prenatally to alcohol or maternal smoking, pediatric traumatic brain injury survivors, and youth with spina bifida.
“SCT elevations were reported in children exposed prenatally to alcohol44,45 or maternal smoking,46 pediatric traumatic brain injury survivors,47 and youth with spina bifida.48”
From Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (2023) · cites this paper as [48]
Citation 48 is attached to the claim about youth with spina bifida. The Study Objectives and Discussion examine the consistency of SCT ratings in Spanish children, but our copy does not report SCT elevations in youth with spina bifida; a search for “spina bifida” found no relevant passage. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.75)
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- Authors
- Preszler, J., Burns, G. L., Litson, K., Geiser, C., Servera, M., & Becker, S. P.
- Affiliations
- Washington State University (US)
- Utah State University (US)
- Universitat de les Illes Balears (ES)
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Burns, G. Leonard
- ORCID
- Venue
- Assessment
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2017-01-08
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 99-110
- ISSN
- 1073-1911 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3489
- PMC
- PMC6050147
- OpenAlex
- W2571081537
- Semantic Scholar
- 876d2315ec3f1145d9f31b6576cd0072cdad76e1
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 2.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Assessment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MHI08603)
- National Institutes of Drug Abuse (R01DA034770-01)
- Ministerio de Econom�a y Competitividad (PSI2011-23252, PSI2014-52605-R)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- sluggish cognitive tempo, trait consistency, convergent validity, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, children, parent and teacher ratings
- MeSH terms
- Character, Child, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Models, Psychological, Personality Assessment, Psychometrics, Reaction Time, Social Environment, Spain, Reproducibility of Results, Observer Variation
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