Cited by 132Pain Mechanisms and TreatmentsPain Management and Placebo EffectPain Management and Treatment

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Functional imaging and pain: behavior, perception, and modulation.

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Porro, Carlo A.·2003·The Neuroscientist

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Abstract

Time-dependent increases of local metabolic or blood flow rates have been described in spinal cord and brain during acute and chronic pain states in experimental animals, in parallel with changes of different behavioral endpoints of pain and hyperalgesia. In healthy human volunteers, pain intensity-related hemodynamic changes have been identified in a widespread, bilateral brain system including parietal, insular, cingulate, and frontal cortical areas, as well as thalamus, amygdala, and midbrain. Specific patterns of activity may characterize hyperalgesic states and some chronic pain conditions. Forebrain nociceptive systems are under inhibitory control by endogenous opioids and can be affected by acute administration of mu-opioid receptor agonists. Anticipation of pain may in itself induce changes in brain nociceptive networks. Moreover, pain-related cortical activity can be modulated by hypnotic suggestions, focusing or diverting attention, and placebo. These findings begin to disclose the spatio-temporal dynamics of brain networks underlying pain perception and modulation.

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Authors: Porro, C. A.
Affiliations: University of Udine (IT)
Corresponding author: Porro, Carlo A.
ORCID: Porro, Carlo A.
Venue: The Neuroscientist
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2003-10
Volume: 9
Issue: 5
Pages: 354-369
ISSN: 1073-8584 (ISSN-L)
1089-4098
DOI: 10.1177/1073858403253660
OpenAlex: W2136606402
Cited by: 132
References: 63
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 0.90
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: cc-by
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: The Neuroscientist (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
Keywords: pain perception, chronic pain, hyperalgesia, brain imaging of pain, hemodynamic changes, endogenous opioids, mu-opioid receptor agonists, pain anticipation, hypnotic suggestion, attentional modulation, placebo effect, pain modulation
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain, Diagnostic Imaging, Humans, Pain, Pain Measurement, Perception

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Functional imaging and pain: behavior, perception, and modulation.

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