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Cited by 62Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum DisordersNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

Arbitration between action strategies in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Open access
Gruner, Patricia, Anticevic, Alan, Lee, Daeyeol, Pittenger, Christopher·2016·The Neuroscientist
DOI 10.1177/1073858414568317PMC PMC5159480
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Abstract

Decision making in a complex world, characterized both by predictable regularities and by frequent departures from the norm, requires dynamic switching between rapid habit-like, automatic processes and slower, more flexible evaluative processes. These strategies, formalized as “model-free” and “model-based” reinforcement learning algorithms, respectively, can lead to divergent behavioral outcomes, requiring a mechanism to arbitrate between them in a context-appropriate manner. Recent data suggest that individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) rely excessively on inflexible habit-like decision making during reinforcement-driven learning. We propose that inflexible reliance on habit in OCD may reflect a functional weakness in the mechanism for context-appropriate dynamic arbitration between model-free and model-based decision making. Support for this hypothesis derives from emerging functional imaging findings. A deficit in arbitration in OCD may help reconcile evidence for excessive reliance on habit in rewarded learning tasks with an older literature suggesting inappropriate recruitment of circuitry associated with model-based decision making in unreinforced procedural learning. The hypothesized deficit and corresponding circuitry may be a particularly fruitful target for interventions, including cognitive remediation.

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  • OCD is associated with many examples of disrupted information processing in networks supporting goal-directed behavior, which could bias behavior toward habit-like selection.

    “OCD is associated with many examples of disrupted information processing (Figure 4) in networks supporting goal-directed behavior, which could potentially bias behavior toward habit-like selection via improper or ineffective evaluation and representations of actions and outcomes (Gruner et al., 2015).”

    From A framework for understanding the emerging role of corticolimbic-ventral striatal networks in OCD-associated repetitive behaviors (2015) · cites this paper as Gruner et al., 2015

  • Alterations in cerebellar-cortical network connectivity might underlie habitual behavior dysfunction in OCD that occurs across multiple domains.

    “Given these roles, and because the cerebellum provides output across the cortex(29), alterations in cerebellar-cortical network connectivity might underlie habitual behavior dysfunction in OCD that occurs across multiple domains(30).”

    From Functional disruption of cerebello-thalamo-cortical networks in obsessive-compulsive disorder (2020) · cites this paper as [30]

  • The literature suggests alterations in the distinct reinforcement learning systems that underlie model-free and model-based decision-making processes in OCD, MDD, and schizophrenia.

    “The literature suggests alterations in the distinct reinforcement learning systems that underlie model-free and model-based decision-making processes in OCD, MDD, and schizophrenia. 59,63,69–74”

    From Investigating disorder-specific and transdiagnostic alterations in model-based and model-free decision-making (2024) · cites this paper as [70]

  • Previous studies reported impaired adaption of the decision strategy during a decision-making task, suggesting lower flexibility in OCD.

    “Third, previous studies reported impaired adaption of the decision strategy during a decision-making task, suggesting lower flexibility in OCD [69, 70].”

    From P300 and delay-discounting in obsessive–compulsive disorder (2022) · cites this paper as [69]

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Authors
Gruner, P., Anticevic, A., Lee, D., & Pittenger, C.
Affiliations
Yale University (US)
Corresponding author
Pittenger, Christopher
ORCID
Venue
The Neuroscientist
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2015-01-20
Volume
22
Issue
2
Pages
188-198
ISSN
  • 1073-8584 (ISSN-L)
  • 1089-4098
DOI
10.1177/1073858414568317
PMC
PMC5159480
OpenAlex
W1982923114
Cited by
62
References
81
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7
FWCI
0.87
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
  • The Neuroscientist (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH062994)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords
obsessive-compulsive disorder, model-free reinforcement learning, model-based reinforcement learning, decision-making, habit formation, procedural learning, cognitive remediation, neural circuits
MeSH terms
Animals, Decision Making, Humans, Learning, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Prefrontal Cortex, Neuroimaging

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