Who gets covered? Ideological extremity and news coverage of members of the U.S. Congress, 1993 to 2013

Wagner, Michael W.; Gruszczynski, Mike

doi:10.1177/1077699017702836

Cited by 69Media Studies and CommunicationMedia Influence and PoliticsElectoral Systems and Political Participation

Who gets covered? Ideological extremity and news coverage of members of the U.S. Congress, 1993 to 2013

Wagner, Michael W., Gruszczynski, Mike·2018·Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly

DOI 10.1177/1077699017702836

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Does the news media cover ideological extremists more than moderates? We combine a measure of members of Congress’ ideological extremity with a content analysis of how often lawmakers appear in the New York Times from the 103rd to the 112th Congresses and on CBS and NBC’s evening newscasts in the 112th Congress. We show that ideological extremity is positively related to political news coverage for members of the House of Representatives. Generally, ideological extremity is not related to the likelihood of coverage for senators. Finally, we show that extreme Republicans are more likely to earn media attention than extreme Democrats.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/1077699017702836

Cites

53 of 53 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Extreme conservative members of Congress received more visibility in The New York Times.
“as did extreme (conservative) members of Congress in The New York Times (Wagner & Gruszczynski, 2018).”
From When debates break apart: discursive polarization as a multi-dimensional divergence emerging in and through communication (2023) · cites this paper as Wagner & Gruszczynski, 2018

When Corrections Fail: The Persistence of Political Misperceptions
Nyhan, B., & Reifler, J. (2010) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-010-9112-2 · Cited by 3,173 · see citing works
Analyzing media messages using quantitative content analysis in research
Riffe, D., Lacy, S. R., Watson, B. R., & Fico, F. G. (2005) · doi:10.4324/9780429464287 · Cited by 2,236 · see citing works
American journal of political science
(1983) · Electoral Studies · doi:10.1016/0261-3794(83)90076-8 · Cited by 2,010 · see citing works
Trump, Brexit, and the Rise of Populism: Economic Have-Nots and Cultural Backlash
Inglehart, R., & Norris, P. (2016) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2818659 · Cited by 1,915 · see citing works
The Handbook of Journalism Studies
Josephi, B. (2009) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203877685 · Cited by 1,869 · see citing works
Toward a Theory of Press-State Relations in the United States
Bennett, W. L. (1990) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1990.tb02265.x · Cited by 1,815 · see citing works
Polarized America: the dance of ideology and unequal riches
(2007) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.44-3551 · Cited by 1,793 · see citing works
Objectivity as Strategic Ritual: An Examination of Newsmen's Notions of Objectivity
Tuchman, G. (1972) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/225193 · Cited by 1,787 · see citing works
How Elite Partisan Polarization Affects Public Opinion Formation
DRUCKMAN, J. N., PETERSON, E., & SLOTHUUS, R. (2013) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055412000500 · Cited by 1,569 · see citing works
A New Era of Minimal Effects? The Changing Foundations of Political Communication
Bennett, W. L., & Iyengar, S. (2008) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.00410.x · Cited by 1,558 · see citing works
The objectivity norm in American journalism*
Schudson, M. S. (2001) · Journalism · doi:10.1177/146488490100200201 · Cited by 1,161 · see citing works
Gatekeeping Theory
Shoemaker, P. J., & Vos, T. (2009) · doi:10.4324/9780203931653 · Cited by 1,079 · see citing works
The New Videomalaise: Effects of Televised Incivility on Political Trust
Mutz, D. C., & Reeves, B. B. (2005) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055405051452 · Cited by 1,056 · see citing works
Resurgent Mass Partisanship: The Role of Elite Polarization
Hetherington, M. J. (2001) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055401003045 · Cited by 1,018 · see citing works
The Mass Media and American Politics
Pfau, M. W. (1989) · The Western Political Quarterly · doi:10.1177/106591298904200113 · Cited by 931 · see citing works
Journalism monographs
(1984) · Journal of Broadcasting · doi:10.1080/08838158409386544 · Cited by 713 · see citing works
Issues and Best Practices in Content Analysis
Lacy, S. R., Watson, B. R., Riffe, D., & Lovejoy, J. (2015) · Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1077699015607338 · Cited by 478 · see citing works
Analyzing Media Messages
Riff, D. (2014) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203551691 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Is There an Elite Hold? Traditional Media to Social Media Agenda Setting Influence in Blog Networks
Meraz, S. (2009) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01458.x · Cited by 437 · see citing works
News from Nowhere: Television and the News
Epstein, E. J. (1973) · Virtual Defense Library (Ministerio de Defensa) · Cited by 376 · see citing works
The decline of the death penalty and the discovery of innocence
(2008) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.45-7050 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Effects of “In-Your-Face” Television Discourse on Perceptions of a Legitimate Opposition
Mutz, D. C. (2007) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s000305540707044x · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Why Americans Hate the Media and How It Matters
Ladd, J. M. (2012) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781400840359 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Making the News
Boydstun, A. E. (2013) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226065601.001.0001 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Estimating the Causal Effects of Media Coverage on Policy‐Specific Knowledge
Barabas, J., & Jerit, J. (2008) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00358.x · Cited by 265 · see citing works
The Decline of the Death Penalty and the Discovery of Innocence
Baumgartner, F. R., De Boef, S. L., & Boydstun, A. E. (2001) · Cambridge University Press · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511790638 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Governing With the News, Second Edition
Cook, T. E. (2005) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226026688.001.0001 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Women Making News: Gender as a Variable in Source Selection and Use
Zoch, L. M., & Turk, J. V. (1998) · Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/107769909807500410 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Communication campaigns about drugs: government, media, and the public
(1989) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-0100 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Reporting the News: An Organizational Analysis
Sigelman, L. (1973) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/225511 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Understanding Innovations in Journalistic Practice: A Field Experiment Examining Motivations for Fact-Checking
Graves, L., Nyhan, B., & Reifler, J. (2016) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/jcom.12198 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Who's the Fairest of them All? An Empirical Test for Partisan Bias on ABC, CBS, NBC, and Fox News
Groeling, T. J. (2008) · Presidential Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1741-5705.2008.02668.x · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Career Opportunities and Membership Stability in Legislatures
Squire, P. (1988) · Legislative Studies Quarterly · doi:10.2307/439945 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Why Americans hate the media and how it matters
(2012) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.49-6564 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Routines and the making of oppositional news
Eliasoph, N. (1988) · Critical Studies in Mass Communication · doi:10.1080/15295038809366719 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Who Fits the Left-Right Divide? Partisan Polarization in the American Electorate
Carmines, E. G., Ensley, M. J., & Wagner, M. W. (2012) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764212463353 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citation
How Predictive Appeals Affect Policy Opinions
Jerit, J. (2009) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00378.x · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Reexamining the Politics of Talk: Partisan Rhetoric in the 104th House
Morris, J. S. (2001) · Legislative Studies Quarterly · doi:10.2307/440405 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Made in Congress? Testing the Electoral Implications of Party Ideological Brand Names
Woon, J., & Pope, J. C. (2008) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1017/s002238160808078x · Cited by 81 · see citing works
When Objectivity is Not Objective: Network Television News Coverage of U.S. Senators and the "Paradox of Objectivity"
Kuklinski, J. H., & Sigelman, L. (1992) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.2307/2132313 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
The Structural Determinants of Local Congressional News Coverage
Schaffner, B. F., & SELLERS, P. J. (2003) · Political Communication · doi:10.1080/105846003901365 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Winning Coverage in the U.S. Senate
SELLERS, P. J., & Schaffner, B. F. (2007) · Political Communication · doi:10.1080/10584600701641516 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
The Dynamics of Agenda Convergence and the Paradox of Competitiveness in Presidential Campaigns
Hayes, D. (2009) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1065912909331426 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Cycles of Spin: Strategic communication in the U.S. Congress
Leek, D. W. (2011) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2011.01547.x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Using “New” Media to Get “Old” Media Coverage
Lipinski, D., & Neddenriep, G. (2004) · Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics · doi:10.1177/1081180x03259819 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Moderatism or polarization? Representation of advocacy groups’ ideology in newspapers
McCluskey, M., & Kim, Y. M. (2012) · Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1077699012455385 · Cited by 43 · cited 3× · see citing works
“The growth of partisan polarization in Congress (McCarty et al., 2006), people’s reaction to it (Wagner, 2007a), and the increasing diversity of the information environment (Bennett & Iyengar, 2008) have animated our examination of moderatism in news coverage (McCluskey & Kim, 2012).”
Afterword: Political values and production values
Cook, T. E. (1996) · Political Communication · doi:10.1080/10584609.1996.9963132 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
The Utility of Staying on Message: Competing Partisan Frames and Public Awareness of Elite Differences on Political Issues
Wagner, M. W. (2007) · The Forum · doi:10.2202/1540-8884.1197 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citation
Class Politics, American-Style
Carmines, E. G. (2011) · Perspectives on Politics · doi:10.1017/s1537592711002350 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“The World is Ruled By Those Who Holler the Loudest”: The Third-Person Effect in American Journalism History
Baughman, J. L. (1989) · Journalism History · doi:10.1080/00947679.1989.12066677 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Beyond Policy Representation in the U.S. House
Wagner, M. W. (2007) · American Politics Research · doi:10.1177/1532673x07299867 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
Side by Side, Worlds Apart
Mitchell, D., Hibbing, M. V., Smith, K. B., & Hibbing, J. R. (2013) · American Politics Research · doi:10.1177/1532673x13498619 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
National News Attention to the 106th Senate
Fogarty, B. J. (2012) · Politics · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9256.2012.01451.x · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

The role of (social) media in political polarization: A systematic review
Kubin, E., & von Sikorski, C. (2021) · Annals of the International Communication Association · doi:10.1080/23808985.2021.1976070 · Cited by 610 · see citing works
Local News, Information, and the Nationalization of U.S. Elections
MOSKOWITZ, D. J. (2021) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055420000829 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
American Rage
Webster, S. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868303 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Emotion and Politics: Noncognitive Psychological Biases in Public Opinion
Webster, S. W., & Albertson, B. L. (2022) · Annual Review of Political Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-105353 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Most users do not follow political elites on Twitter; those who do show overwhelming preferences for ideological congruity
Wojcieszak, M., Casas, A., Yu, X., Nagler, J., & Tucker, J. A. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abn9418 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
As Seen on TV? How Gatekeeping Makes the U.S. House Seem More Extreme
Padgett, J., Dunaway, J., & Darr, J. (2019) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1093/joc/jqz039 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
When debates break apart: discursive polarization as a multi-dimensional divergence emerging in and through communication
Brüggemann, M., & Meyer, H. (2023) · Communication Theory · doi:10.1093/ct/qtad012 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Partisanship on Social Media: In-Party Love Among American Politicians, Greater Engagement with Out-Party Hate Among Ordinary Users
Yu, X., Wojcieszak, M., & Casas, A. (2023) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-022-09850-x · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Destructive polarization in digital communication contexts: a critical review and conceptual framework
Esau, K., Choucair, T. D. S., Vilkins, S., Svegaard, S. F. K., Bruns, A., O’Connor-Farfan, K. S., & Lubicz-Zaorski, C. (2024) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2024.2413127 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Infodemic Pathways: Evaluating the Role That Traditional and Social Media Play in Cross-National Information Transfer
Bridgman, A., Merkley, E., Zhilin, O., Loewen, P. J., Owen, T., & Ruths, D. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Political Science · doi:10.3389/fpos.2021.648646 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Degrees of Disrespect: How Only Extreme and Rare Incivility Alienates the Base
Skytte, R. (2021) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1086/717852 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Nasty Politics
Zeitzoff, T. (2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197679487.001.0001 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
At the Extremes: Assessing Readability, Grade Level, Sentiment, and Tone in US Media Outlets
Sparks, J. F., & Hmielowski, J. D. (2022) · Journalism Studies · doi:10.1080/1461670x.2022.2142646 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Local Newspaper Decline and Political Polarization – Evidence from a Multi-Party Setting
Ellger, F., Hilbig, H., Riaz, S., & Tillmann, P. (2024) · British Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1017/s0007123424000243 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
From “Leftist” To “President”: Journalism and Editorial Coverage of Brazil’s Lula in Five Elections
Nava, M., & Marques, F. P. J. (2019) · Journalism Practice · doi:10.1080/17512786.2019.1587640 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Evaluating categories from experience: The simple averaging heuristic.
Woiczyk, T. K. A., & Mens, G. L. (2021) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspa0000231 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Polarization All the Way Down: How Coverage of Elite and Partisan Polarization Spills Over to Perceptions of the U.S. Mass Public
Ploger, G. W. (2024) · Political Communication · doi:10.1080/10584609.2024.2312867 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Emotion, Affective Polarization, and Online Communication
Fischer, S. A., & Yphtach Lelkes, B. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197520536.003.0021 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The polarizing content warning: how the media can reduce affective polarization
Kubin, E., & von Sikorski, C. (2024) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1093/hcr/hqae006 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Facing the Competition: Gender Differences in Facial Emotion and Prominence in Visual News Coverage of Democratic Presidential Primary Candidates
Gruszczynski, M., Brown, D. K., Pierce, H., & Grabe, M. E. (2022) · Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/10776990221124944 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citation
Did COVID-19 change the political communication of polarizing leaders? The case of Salvini's campaigning before and after the pandemic
Bitonti, A., Marchetti, R., & Mariotti, C. (2022) · European Journal of Communication · doi:10.1177/02673231221140697 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Political Parties and Loser’s Consent in American Politics
Layman, G. C., Lee, F., & Wolbrecht, C. (2023) · The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · doi:10.1177/00027162241229309 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
How Does Political Communication Relate to Perceived Extremity of Partisans and Their Divides? From Communication to Polarization Perceptions to Political Engagement
Kim, J., & Rojas, H. (2024) · Communication Studies · doi:10.1080/10510974.2024.2392909 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Ignorance is Bliss? Age, Misinformation, and Support for Women’s Representation
Burden, B. C., & Ono, Y. (2020) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfaa059 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Amplifying Extremism
Usher, N., & Hagman, J. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009668798 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Beyond bipartisan support: analyzing the TikTok ban votes in the U.S. house of representatives
Potipiroon, W. (2024) · Global Public Policy and Governance · doi:10.1007/s43508-024-00094-5 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The minimum marriageable age policy process in the United States: An advocacy coalition framework analysis
Ikpebe, E. (2025) · Review of Policy Research · doi:10.1111/ropr.70013 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Presidential Authority and the Legitimation of Far-Right News
Archer, A. M. N., Schmitt, C., McGregor, S. C., & Jang, H. (2024) · The International Journal of Press/Politics · doi:10.1177/19401612241235630 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Causal Effect of Candidate Extremity on Citizens’ Preferences: Evidence from Conjoint Experiments
Amsalem, E., & Zoizner, A. (2024) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfae041 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Who is the Party? The Effect of Counter-Stereotypical Partisan Exemplars on Inter-Party Stereotypes and Affect
Myers, C. D., & Hvidsten, T. (2024) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-024-09991-1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Fact-checks focus on famous politicians, not partisans
Greene, K. T., Pisharody, N., Carroll, F., & Shapiro, J. N. (2024) · PNAS Nexus · doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae567 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Do Citizens Know About Other States’ Policy Choices?
Harper, S. T. (2025) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/10659129251318729 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Knowing your sources: Partisan media and voters’ perceptions of the economy
Santoso, L. P. (2021) · Electoral Studies · doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2021.102314 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Young Radical Response: Senators React to Trump Conviction
Macdonald, M., & Russell, A. (2026) · Social Science Quarterly · doi:10.1111/ssqu.70163 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Local Newspaper Coverage of Congress
Eshbaugh‐Soha, M., & Richards, L. (2025) · Social Science Quarterly · doi:10.1111/ssqu.70121 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ideological Citizens’ Pro-attitudinal Media Exposure and Ideological Polarization: The Mediating Role of Presumed Media Influence and Presumed Media Affect
Son, E., & Baek, Y. M. (2025) · International Journal of Politics Culture and Society · doi:10.1007/s10767-025-09534-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Anger and the Future of American Government
Webster, S. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868303.008
Trait-Based Anger and Governmental Distrust
Webster, S. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868303.004
The Causal Effect of Anger on Trust in Government
Webster, S. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868303.005
Political Elites and the Strategic Use of Anger
Webster, S. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868303.003
Anger and Voter Loyalty
Webster, S. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868303.007
Explaining How Media Outlets Select Opinion Polls: The Role of Change
Larsen, E. G., & Fazekas, Z. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-75350-4_3
Preface
Webster, S. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868303.001
Anger and Democratic Values in the Mass Public
Webster, S. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868303.006
Index
Webster, S. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868303.010
Bibliography
Webster, S. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868303.009
The Rise of Anger in the American Public
Webster, S. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868303.002
Which Politicians Choose to Get Nasty and When?
Zeitzoff, T. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197679487.003.0005
The Nasty Style of Politics
Zeitzoff, T. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197679487.003.0001
Prelude to War, a Coup and an Insurrection, and Concluding Thoughts
Zeitzoff, T. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197679487.003.0008
Dedication
(2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197679487.002.0004
Copyright Page
(2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197679487.002.0003
List of Figures
(2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197679487.002.0008
How Does the Public Respond to Nasty Rhetoric?
Zeitzoff, T. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197679487.003.0004
Preface
(2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197679487.002.0006
A Theory of Nasty Politics
Zeitzoff, T. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197679487.003.0002
Nasty Politics and Its Implications for Democracy
Zeitzoff, T. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197679487.003.0007
List of Tables
(2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197679487.002.0009
Acknowledgments
(2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197679487.002.0007
Ukrainian Politics Overview
Zeitzoff, T. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197679487.005.0001
From Insults to Incitement in U.S., Ukrainian, and Israeli Politics
Zeitzoff, T. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197679487.003.0003
What Do the Experts Think about Nasty Politics?
Zeitzoff, T. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197679487.003.0006
Un Congrès dépacifié ? Polarisation politique, reconfigurations parlementaires et délitement de la civilité à la Chambre des représentants états-unienne
Ghemires, A. (2024) · Politique américaine · doi:10.3917/polam.042.0053
A Role for News Media in Mass Polarization during the COVID-19 PandemicPreprint
Ye, W., Aron, L., & Gondwe, G. (2024) · doi:10.33774/apsa-2024-8605t
Representing Public Opinion: Examining Ideological Extremity and Incivility in News Exemplifications
Koo, G. H., & Farquharson, K.-R. (2025) · Journalism Practice · doi:10.1080/17512786.2025.2586056
The Crooked Pictures in Our Heads: Partisan Cable Coverage of Congress
Schiffer, A. J. (2026) · Social Science Quarterly · doi:10.1111/ssqu.70145
Partisanship in Context: The (A)symmetric Influence of Local Newspaper Availability and Selective Exposure on Political Misperceptions in the U.S.
Li, J., & Wagner, M. W. (2026) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/00936502261463581
Self-citation
Congress on cable: the relationship between legislative actions and media appearances
Bednarczuk, M. E. (2026) · Journal of Legislative Studies · doi:10.1080/13572334.2026.2695962

Authors: Wagner, M. W., & Gruszczynski, M.
Affiliations: University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
Austin Peay State University (US)
Corresponding author: Wagner, Michael W.
ORCID: Wagner, Michael W.
Gruszczynski, Mike
Venue: Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2017-04-11
Volume: 95
Issue: 3
Pages: 670-690
ISSN: 1077-6990 (ISSN-L)
2161-430X
DOI: 10.1177/1077699017702836
OpenAlex: W2606849770
Cited by: 69
References: 53
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 2
FWCI: 9.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Communication › Media Studies and Communication
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Media Influence and Politics
Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Electoral Systems and Political Participation
Keywords: ideological extremity, media coverage of politicians, members of Congress, media coverage of politics, House of Representatives, Senate, New York Times

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Who gets covered? Ideological extremity and news coverage of members of the U.S. Congress, 1993 to 2013

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks