Time Out of Mind: Temporal Perspective in Adults With ADHD
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: ADHD is often associated with difficulties in planning and time management. In this study, the authors examined the hypothesis that these functional problems in ADHD reflect systematic biases in temporal orientation. METHOD: To test this hypothesis, adults with ADHD (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 60) completed the Swedish version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI). RESULTS: Although a majority of the ADHD participants were tested under stimulant medication, they showed significant differences in all the six subscales of the S-ZTPI. Logistic regression analysis, with age, education, depression, and response inhibition as covariates, showed that the Future Positive Scale was the primary predictor of ADHD status. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that ADHD is associated with systematic biases in habitual time orientation and that these differences may contribute to functional problems in ADHD.
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People diagnosed with ADHD may express organisational and time estimation problems.
“People diagnosed with ADHD may express organisational and time estimation problems [55,56].”
From Adaptive Tele-Therapies Based on Serious Games for Health for People with Time-Management and Organisational Problems: Preliminary Results (2014) · cites this paper as [56]
Individuals with ADHD symptoms show a larger present orientation and a more negative view of the future than controls.
“individuals with ADHD symptoms show a larger present orientation and a more negative view of the future than the controls”
From Behavioral trainings and manipulations to reduce delay discounting: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as Carelli & Wiberg, 2012
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Behavioral trainings and manipulations to reduce delay discounting: A systematic review
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“Contrary to studies based on duration discrimination and reproduction tasks, studies on verbal time estimation have yet to yield consistent findings [11].”
BackgroundResultBroadening the TP Profile: Future Negative Time Perspective
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“People diagnosed with ADHD may express organisational and time estimation problems [55,56].”
Background
- Authors
- Carelli, M. G., & Wiberg, B.
- Affiliations
- Umeå University (SE)
- Venue
- Journal of Attention Disorders
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-04-13
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 460-466
- ISSN
- 1087-0547 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1246
- OpenAlex
- W2076062205
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Attention Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychological and Temporal Perspectives Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, time perspective, time orientation, Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, future orientation, planning problems, time management, stimulant medication, adult ADHD
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Reaction Time, Time Perception
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