Cited by 1,693Behavioral Health and InterventionsGrit, Self-Efficacy, and MotivationPersonality Traits and Psychology

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Taking Stock of Self-Control: A Meta-Analysis of How Trait Self-Control Relates to a Wide Range of Behaviors

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de Ridder, Denise T. D., Lensvelt-Mulders, Gerty, Finkenauer, Catrin, Stok, F. Marijn, Baumeister, Roy F.·2012·Personality and Social Psychology Review

DOI 10.1177/1088868311418749

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Abstract

Given assertions of the theoretical, empirical, and practical importance of self-control, this meta-analytic study sought to review evidence concerning the relationship between dispositional self-control and behavior. The authors provide a brief overview over prominent theories of self-control, identifying implicit assumptions surrounding the effects of self-control that warrant empirical testing. They report the results of a meta-analysis of 102 studies (total N = 32,648) investigating the behavioral effects of self-control using the Self-Control Scale, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and the Low Self-Control Scale. A small to medium positive effect of self-control on behavior was found for the three scales. Only the Self-Control Scale allowed for a fine-grained analysis of conceptual moderators of the self-control behavior relation. Specifically, self-control (measured by the Self-Control Scale) related similarly to the performance of desired behaviors and the inhibition of undesired behaviors, but its effects varied dramatically across life domains (e.g., achievement, adjustment). In addition, the associations between self-control and behavior were significantly stronger for automatic (as compared to controlled) behavior and for imagined (as compared to actual) behavior.

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Authors: de Ridder, D. T. D., Lensvelt-Mulders, G., Finkenauer, C., Stok, F. M., & Baumeister, R. F.
Affiliations: Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
Utrecht University (NL)
Florida State University (US)
ORCID: Finkenauer, Catrin
Stok, F. Marijn
Baumeister, Roy F.
Venue: Personality and Social Psychology Review
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2011-08-30
Volume: 16
Issue: 1
Pages: 76-99
ISSN: 1088-8683 (ISSN-L)
1532-7957
DOI: 10.1177/1088868311418749
OpenAlex: W2077057247
Cited by: 1,693
References: 171
Citations by year: 2026: 113 · 2025: 128 · 2024: 143 · 2023: 132 · 2022: 140 · 2021: 154 · 2020: 185 · 2019: 150 · 2018: 133 · 2017: 100 · 2016: 104 · 2015: 92 · 2014: 58 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 49.78
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
nbn-resolving.de
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Personality and Social Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Funders: European Commission (223488)
National Institutes of Health
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (RL1AA017541)
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (UL1DE019586)
Common Fund (UL1-DE019586)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Keywords: self-control, self-control scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, impulsivity, life domains, achievement, psychological adjustment
MeSH terms: Achievement, Adaptation, Psychological, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Internal-External Control, Motivation

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Taking Stock of Self-Control: A Meta-Analysis of How Trait Self-Control Relates to a Wide Range of Behaviors

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