Executive functioning differences between adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autistic spectrum disorder in initiation, planning and strategy formation
Open accessAbstract
Executive functioning deficits characterize the neuropsychological profiles of the childhood neurodevelopmental disorders of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). This study sought to determine whether similar impairments exist in adults with ADHD (N = 53) and ASD (N = 45) in comparison with a healthy control group (N = 31), whether the two disorders can be distinguished on the basis of their executive functioning features, and whether these impairments are related to symptom severity. Both clinical groups were found to exhibit executive functioning deficits. The ADHD group had difficulty withholding a response, with relative preservation of initiation and planning abilities. In contrast, the ASD group exhibited significant impairments in initiation, planning and strategy formation. The specific executive functioning deficits were related to severity of response inhibition impairments in ADHD and stereotyped, repetitive behaviours in ASD. These findings suggest the pattern of executive functioning deficits follows a consistent trajectory into adulthood.
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Past research suggests that ADHD and ASD can be differentiated from one another on a neuropsychological level during childhood and adulthood.
“Overall, past research has suggested that ADHD and ASD can be differentiated from 1 another on a neuropsychological level during childhood and adulthood [109, 113].”
From Treatment for Co-Occurring Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [113]
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- Authors
- Bramham, J., Ambery, F., Young, S., Morris, R., Russell, A., Xenitidis, K., Asherson, P., & Murphy, D.
- Affiliations
- University College Dublin (IE)
- Institute of Psychiatry, UK
- Corresponding author
- Bramham, Jessica
- Venue
- Autism
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2009-05
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 245-264
- ISSN
- 1362-3613 (ISSN-L)
- 1461-7005
- OpenAlex
- W2103706231
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Autism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (RP-PG-0606-1045)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- executive function, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, adults, task initiation, planning, strategy formulation, response inhibition, symptom severity, neuropsychological profile
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Autistic Disorder, Cognition Disorders, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Reaction Time, Severity of Illness Index, Stereotyped Behavior, Prefrontal Cortex
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