The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Privates in the online public: Sex(ting) and reputation on social media
Abstract
Drawing on focus group research, this article examines the impact of norms of publicity and privacy on young people as they negotiate technologically mediated intimate and peer relations. This article argues that digital images of bodies circulate online in manner that reinforces gender inequalities, as the public feminine body is conflated with pornography in contrast to the range of meanings that can append to the public masculine body. While the exposed female body was subject to pejorative ascriptions of sexual promiscuity, the exposed masculine body could serve a range of purposes, including its deployment in sexual harassment. Young people tended to ignore male perpetration and hold girls and women responsible for managing the risks of online abuse. The article underscores the need for a ‘critical pedagogy’ of online abuse, but it also argues that social media is rendering the homosociality and misogynist strains of online publics visible and therefore contestable.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“We can see how nudes of girls form a homosocial currency among boys, garnering regard and kudos from their male peers (Salter, 2016; Haslop & O ' Rourke, 2021; Mandau, 2020).”
From Young people's experiences of image-based sexual harassment and abuse in England and Canada: Toward a feminist framing of technologically facilitated sexual violence (2022) · cites this paper as Salter, 2016
In the citing paper
“Across the Canadian and English contexts, teen girls receiving un solicited dick pics was a common experience corresponding to a docu mented increase in cyberflashing toward adult women in recent years (Amundsen, 2020; Oswald et al., 2019; Salter, 2016; YouGov, 2018).”
From Young people's experiences of image-based sexual harassment and abuse in England and Canada: Toward a feminist framing of technologically facilitated sexual violence (2022) · cites this paper as Salter, 2016
Citations
Cites
Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques.
Ellis, C., Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. M. (1992) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2074814 · Cited by 29,296
Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques
Long, D. R., Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. M. (1993) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.2307/328955 · Cited by 17,625
The structural transformation of the public sphere: an inquiry into a category of bourgeois society
Habermas, J., Bürger, T., & Lawrence, F. P. (1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-4175 · Cited by 12,645
The Aftermath of Feminism: Gender, Culture and Social Change
McRobbie, Á. (2008) · Goldsmiths (University of London) · Cited by 2,802
Privacy in Context: Technology, Policy, and the Integrity of Social Life
Nissenbaum, H. (2009) · doi:10.1515/9780804772891 · Cited by 2,129 · cited 1×
“However, privacy and publicity are not only individual aspirations but historically contingent principles in the ordering of social relations that shape how social media content is manufactured, distributed and received (Nissenbaum, 2010).”
BackgroundIt's complicated: the social lives of networked teens
(2014) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.51-7042 · Cited by 1,607
Networked privacy: How teenagers negotiate context in social media
Marwick, A. E., & boyd, D. (2014) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444814543995 · Cited by 954
Privacy in context: technology, policy, and the integrity of social life
(2010) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.47-6940 · Cited by 953
A Private Sphere: Democracy in a Digital Age
Papacharissi, Z. (2010) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 763
Internet and Society: Social Theory in the Information Age
Fuchs, C. (2008) · Cited by 626
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Gordon MT, 1989, The Female Fear: The Social Cost of Rape
- Poole E, 2013, USFL Review, 48, 221
- Sontag S, 1977, On Photography
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dragiewicz, M., Burgess, J., Matamoros-Fernández, A., Salter, M., Suzor, N. P., Woodlock, D., & Harris, B. A. (2018) · Feminist Media Studies · doi:10.1080/14680777.2018.1447341 · Cited by 264
Ringrose, J., & Harvey, L. (2015) · Continuum · doi:10.1080/10304312.2015.1022952 · Cited by 200
Jessica Vitak, B., Chadha, K., Steiner, L., & Ashktorab, Z. (2017) · ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1145/2998181.2998337 · Cited by 181
From geek masculinity to Gamergate: the technological rationality of online abuse
Salter, M. (2017) · Crime Media Culture An International Journal · doi:10.1177/1741659017690893 · Cited by 178
Sext education: pedagogies of sex, gender and shame in the schoolyards ofTaggedandExposed
Dobson, A. S., & Ringrose, J. (2015) · Sex Education · doi:10.1080/14681811.2015.1050486 · Cited by 175
“I can be your Tinder nightmare”: Harassment and misogyny in the online sexual marketplace
Thompson, L. Y. (2018) · Feminism & Psychology · doi:10.1177/0959353517720226 · Cited by 172
Photographs in tourism research: Prejudice, power, performance and participant-generated images
Balomenou, N., & Garrod, B. (2018) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2018.08.014 · Cited by 172
Only sluts love sexting: youth, sexual norms and non-consensual sharing of digital sexual images
Naezer, M., & van Oosterhout, L. (2021) · Journal of Gender Studies · doi:10.1080/09589236.2020.1799767 · Cited by 140
The dark side of sexting—Factors predicting the dissemination of sexts
Clancy, E. M., Klettke, B., & Hallford, D. J. (2019) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.11.023 · Cited by 139
Suzor, N. P., Dragiewicz, M., Harris, B., Gillett, R., Burgess, J., & Geelen, T. V. (2018) · Policy & Internet · doi:10.1002/poi3.185 · Cited by 131
Ringrose, J., Regehr, K., & Whitehead, S. (2021) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-021-01236-3 · Cited by 129
“In our analysis of drawings, we mostly discuss penis images, but in a digital context we 1 3 cannot confirm whether the images were sent by a boy or a man, and indeed we do discuss the phenomena of fake dick pics (Salter, 2016a).”
BackgroundInfluentialUnsolicited dick pics: Erotica, exhibitionism or entitlement?
Hayes, R. M., & Dragiewicz, M. (2018) · Women's Studies International Forum · doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2018.07.001 · Cited by 96
Ringrose, J., Regehr, K., & Whitehead, S. (2022) · Journal of Gender Studies · doi:10.1080/09589236.2021.1947206 · Cited by 92
Renold, E., & Ringrose, J. (2016) · Educational Philosophy and Theory · doi:10.1080/00131857.2016.1185686 · Cited by 91
Waling, A., & Pym, T. (2019) · Journal of Gender Studies · doi:10.1080/09589236.2017.1394821 · Cited by 88
Remixing misandry, manspreading, and dick pics: networked feminist humour on Tumblr
Ringrose, J., & Lawrence, E. (2018) · Feminist Media Studies · doi:10.1080/14680777.2018.1450351 · Cited by 88
Oswald, F., Lopes, A., Skoda, K., Hesse, C. L., & Pedersen, C. L. (2020) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2019.1639036 · Cited by 83
Gendered public support for criminalizing “revenge porn
Lageson, S. E., McElrath, S., & Palmer, K. E. (2019) · Feminist Criminology · doi:10.1177/1557085118773398 · Cited by 79
Visual gossiping: non-consensual ‘nude’ sharing among young people in Denmark
Johansen, K. B. H., Pedersen, B. M., & Tjørnhøj‐Thomsen, T. (2018) · Culture Health & Sexuality · doi:10.1080/13691058.2018.1534140 · Cited by 74
Setty, E. (2019) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-018-0957-x · Cited by 75
The Dick Pic: Harassment, Curation, and Desire
Paasonen, S., Light, B., & Jarrett, K. (2019) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/2056305119826126 · Cited by 74
Semenzin, S., & Bainotti, L. (2020) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/2056305120984453 · Cited by 72
Mandau, M. B. H. (2021) · Journal of Children and Media · doi:10.1080/17482798.2020.1848892 · Cited by 68
Sexting Among Adolescents: The Emotional Impact and Influence of the Need for Popularity
Rey, R. D., Ojeda, M., Casas, J. A., Mora-Merchán, J. A., & Elipe, P. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01828 · Cited by 80
Ringrose, J., Milne, B., Mishna, F., Regehr, K., & Slane, A. (2022) · Women's Studies International Forum · doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2022.102615 · Cited by 67
Mandau, M. B. H. (2020) · Sexuality & Culture · doi:10.1007/s12119-019-09626-2 · Cited by 59
Dodge, A., & Spencer, D. C. (2017) · Social & Legal Studies · doi:10.1177/0964663917724866 · Cited by 64
Digital dating abuse perpetration and impact: The importance of gender
Brown, C., Flood, M., & Hegarty, K. L. (2020) · Journal of Youth Studies · doi:10.1080/13676261.2020.1858041 · Cited by 56
Setty, E. (2019) · Journal of Youth Studies · doi:10.1080/13676261.2019.1635681 · Cited by 63
March, E., & Wagstaff, D. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02210 · Cited by 57
‘A male dominance kind of vibe’: Approaching unsolicited dick pics as sexism
Amundsen, R. (2021) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444820907025 · Cited by 55
Sex and consent in contemporary youth sexual culture: the ‘ideals’ and the ‘realities’
Setty, E. (2020) · Sex Education · doi:10.1080/14681811.2020.1802242 · Cited by 54
The selfie and the transformation of the public–private distinction
Walsh, M., & Baker, S. A. (2016) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2016.1220969 · Cited by 53
Women’s and Men’s Reactions to Receiving Unsolicited Genital Images from Men
Marcotte, A. S., Gesselman, A. N., Fisher, H. E., & Garcia, J. R. (2021) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2020.1779171 · Cited by 53
Hunehäll Berndtsson, K., & Odenbring, Y. (2021) · Journal of Gender Studies · doi:10.1080/09589236.2020.1825217 · Cited by 52
The pleasures of drunken one-night stands: Assemblage theory and narrative environments
Pedersen, W., Tutenges, S., & Sandberg, S. (2017) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.08.005 · Cited by 51
Sundén, J., & Paasonen, S. (2020) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/12500.001.0001 · Cited by 49
Mishna, F., Milne, B., Cook, C., Slane, A., & Ringrose, J. (2021) · Youth & Society · doi:10.1177/0044118x211058226 · Cited by 56
Becoming Your “Authentic” Self: How Social Media Influences Youth’s Visual Transitions
Gorea, M. (2021) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/20563051211047875 · Cited by 76
Roberts, S., & Ravn, S. (2019) · Sociology · doi:10.1177/0038038519864239 · Cited by 55
Roberts, S., Ravn, S., Maloney, M., & Ralph, B. (2020) · Cultural Sociology · doi:10.1177/1749975520925358 · Cited by 39
Out of bounds? How Gawker ’s outing a married man fits into the boundaries of journalism
Tandoc, E. C., & Jenkins, J. (2016) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444816665381 · Cited by 37
Gómez, A. G. (2020) · Discourse & Society · doi:10.1177/0957926520903523 · Cited by 39
Karen: Stigmatized social identity and face-threat in the on/offline nexus
Blitvich, P. G.-C. (2021) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2021.11.012 · Cited by 41
Sexting and mental health: A study of Indian and Australian young adults
Klettke, B., Mellor, D. J., Silva-Myles, L., Clancy, E. M., & Sharma, M. K. (2018) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2018-2-2 · Cited by 40
L’incontrôlable besoin de contrôle
Balleys, C. (2017) · Genre sexualité & société · doi:10.4000/gss.3958 · Cited by 31
Understanding Teenage Perceptions and Configurations of Privacy on Instagram
Zhao, D. Y., Inaba, M., & Monroy‐Hernández, A. (2022) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3555608 · Cited by 44
Shah, S. A., Shoukat, M. H., Ahmad, M. S., & Khan, B. (2021) · Journal of Marketing for HIGHER EDUCATION · doi:10.1080/08841241.2021.1991072 · Cited by 40
Thurlow, C. (2017) · Discourse Context & Media · doi:10.1016/j.dcm.2017.06.008 · Cited by 28
Chonis and pijas : Slut-shaming and double standards in online performances among Spanish teens
Willem, C., Araüna, N., & Tortajada, I. (2018) · Sexualities · doi:10.1177/1363460717748620 · Cited by 28
Cultural Economies of Locative Media
Wilken, R. (2019) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190234911.001.0001 · Cited by 27
Hetero-sexting as mediated intimacy work: ‘Putting something on the line’
Amundsen, R. (2020) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444820962452 · Cited by 31
Vlase, I., & Preoteasa, A. M. (2021) · Gender Place & Culture · doi:10.1080/0966369x.2021.1878114 · Cited by 26
Haslop, C., O’Rourke, F., & Southern, R. (2021) · Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies · doi:10.1177/1354856521989270 · Cited by 26
‘Locker room talk’: male bonding and sexual degradation in drinking stories
Vaynman, M. J., Sandberg, S., & Pedersen, W. (2019) · Culture Health & Sexuality · doi:10.1080/13691058.2019.1670864 · Cited by 25
Thorburn, B., Gavey, N., Single, G., Wech, A., Calder‐Dawe, O., & Benton-Greig, P. (2021) · Women s Studies International Forum · doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2021.102448 · Cited by 29
Waling, A., Kerr, L., Bourne, A. H., Power, J., & Kehler, M. (2020) · Sexualities · doi:10.1177/1363460720947297 · Cited by 24
Dobson, A. S. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04960-7_10 · Cited by 20
Mediated Discourse Analysis in Language and Sexuality Research
Jones, R. H. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190212926.013.4 · Cited by 19
Gendered (in)visibility in digital media contexts
Wilhelm, C. (2020) · Studies in Communication Sciences · doi:10.24434/j.scoms.2021.01.007 · Cited by 33
Doing stigma: Online commenting around weight-related news media
Brooker, P., Barnett, J. C., Vines, J., Lawson, S. W., Feltwell, T., & Long, K. S. (2017) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444817744790 · Cited by 22
Homosocial positionings and ambivalent participation
Hansen Mandau, M. B. (2020) · MedieKultur Journal of media and communication research · doi:10.7146/mediekultur.v36i67.113976 · Cited by 17
Thomas, M. F., Binder, A., & Matthes, J. (2022) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-022-02292-w · Cited by 17
The Magaluf Girl: a public sex scandal and the digital class relations of social contagion
Wood, H. (2018) · Feminist Media Studies · doi:10.1080/14680777.2018.1447352 · Cited by 16
Sending One's Own Intimate Image: Sexting Among Middle‐School Teens
Barrense‐Dias, Y., Chok, L., Stadelmann, S., Berchtold, A., & Surı́s, J.-C. (2022) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.13137 · Cited by 21
Sexting, Intimate and Sexual Media Practices, and Social Justice
Dobson, A. S. (2018) · Palgrave studies in communication for social change · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97607-5_6 · Cited by 16
Haslop, C., & O’Rourke, F. (2020) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2020.1792531 · Cited by 17
Johnstonbaugh, M. (2021) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/08912432211036907 · Cited by 15
Dragotto, F., Giomi, E., & Melchiorre, S. M. (2020) · International Review of Sociology · doi:10.1080/03906701.2020.1724366 · Cited by 15
Publicising Privacy, Weaponising Publicity: The Dialectic of Online Abuse on Social Media
Salter, M. (2018) · Palgrave studies in communication for social change · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97607-5_2 · Cited by 15
Investigating the relationship between sexting and sexual coercion
Noorishad, P.-G., & Trottier, D. (2022) · Sexologies · doi:10.1016/j.sexol.2021.11.004 · Cited by 14
Dick pics and the shifty meanings of porn
Paasonen, S. (2024) · Porn Studies · doi:10.1080/23268743.2023.2301095 · Cited by 14
Thorpe, H., Hayhurst, L. M. C., & Chawansky, M. (2017) · Sociology of Sport Journal · doi:10.1123/ssj.2017-0020 · Cited by 14
O’Rourke, F., & Haslop, C. (2024) · Journal of Gender Studies · doi:10.1080/09589236.2024.2335627 · Cited by 12
Rasmussen, P. K. B., & Søndergaard, D. M. (2020) · MedieKultur Journal of media and communication research · doi:10.7146/mediekultur.v36i67.113983 · Cited by 12
Ridder, S. D. (2021) · Media and Communication · doi:10.17645/mac.v9i3.4176 · Cited by 12
Nygård, S., Kvalem, I. L., & Træen, B. (2024) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2024.2341129 · Cited by 12
Søndergaard, D. M. (2019) · Human Arenas · doi:10.1007/s42087-019-00064-y · Cited by 11
Depper, A., Fullagar, S. P., & Francombe-Webb, J. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95300-7_9 · Cited by 10
Talita, S., & Donevan, M. (2021) · Dignity A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence · doi:10.23860/dignity.2021.06.03.01 · Cited by 10
Erotic Extortion: Understanding the Cultural Propagation of Revenge Porn
Kempton, S. D. (2020) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244020931850 · Cited by 7
Sexual Modesty in Sexual Expression and Experience: A Scoping Review, 2000 - 2021
Fortenberry, J. D., & Hensel, D. J. (2022) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2021.2016571 · Cited by 9
Meehan, C. (2022) · Journal of Gender-Based Violence · doi:10.1332/239868021x16497774345383 · Cited by 9
Gavey, N., Wech, A., Hindley, P., Thorburn, B., Single, G., Calder‐Dawe, O., & Benton-Greig, P. (2023) · Sex Education · doi:10.1080/14681811.2023.2198205 · Cited by 9
A tale of girl-sends-nudes-to-boy? Unscripting sexting in a Dutch school
Krebbekx, W. (2023) · Journal of Gender Studies · doi:10.1080/09589236.2023.2242288 · Cited by 9
Narrative Construction of Sexual Violence and Rape Online
Nagy, V. M. (2017) · International Journal for Crime Justice and Social Democracy · doi:10.5204/ijcjsd.v6i2.270 · Cited by 9
Ojeda, M., Romera, E. M., & Rey, R. D. (2024) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2023.0412 · Cited by 8
Krogh, S. C., Jensen, S. Q., & Larsen, M. C. (2024) · Journal of Youth Studies · doi:10.1080/13676261.2024.2392631 · Cited by 8
Waling, A., James, A., & Fairchild, J. (2022) · Critical Social Policy · doi:10.1177/02610183221103817 · Cited by 8
Reconnecting Pornography, Prostitution, and Trafficking
Farley, M., & Donevan, M. (2021) · Atlánticas Revista Internacional de Estudios Feministas · doi:10.17979/arief.2021.6.1.7312 · Cited by 8
Public-sex: viewer discourse on Deerborn’s ‘homemade’ gay porn
Brennan, J. (2017) · Psychology and Sexuality · doi:10.1080/19419899.2017.1296485 · Cited by 8
Children and sexting: The case for intergenerational co-learning
Lee, N., Tufte‐Hewett, A., Jørgensen, C. H. R., Turner, J., Wade, A., & Weckesser, A. (2018) · Childhood · doi:10.1177/0907568218777305 · Cited by 8
Rasmussen, P. K. B., & Søndergaard, D. M. (2022) · MedieKultur. Journal of Media and Communication Research · doi:10.7146/mediekultur.v37i71.125300 · Cited by 7
“Salter (2016), for example, addresses the gender diff erences in the way imagery is interpreted, emphasizing MedieKultur 71 Article: Sexualized platformed female bodies in male online practices Penille Rasmussen and Dorte Marie Søndergaard that undressed digitalized female bodies are confl ated…”
BackgroundPost-Tate, post-truth, post-digital: researching and mitigating the misogyny influencers
Haslop, C., & Ringrose, J. (2025) · Gender and Education · doi:10.1080/09540253.2025.2568408 · Cited by 11
Snapchat and digitally mediated sexualised communication: ruptures in the school home nexus
Charteris, J., & Gregory, S. (2018) · Gender and Education · doi:10.1080/09540253.2018.1533922 · Cited by 7
Semenzin, S., & Bainotti, L. (2020) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/v4f63 · Cited by 8
Analysis of Image-Based Sexual Harassment and Abuse in Adolescents’ Socio-Affective Relationships
Román, R. M., Fernández, M. L., Lameiras, A. A., & Castro, Y. R. (2025) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605251315767 · Cited by 13
‘The Price of Admission’: On Notions of Risk and Responsibility in Women’s Sexting Practices
Amundsen, R. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-12633-9_6 · Cited by 6
Exploration of How Female Body Image Is Presented and Interpreted on Instagram
Hu, Y. (2018) · Advances in Journalism and Communication · doi:10.4236/ajc.2018.64009 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Salter, M.
- Affiliations
- Western Sydney University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Salter, Michael
- ORCID
- Salter, Michael
- Venue
- New Media & Society
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2016-07-09
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2723-2739
- ISSN
- 1461-4448 (ISSN-L)
- 1461-7315
- OpenAlex
- W1646110434
- Cited by
- 165
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 29.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- New Media & Society (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Feminism, and Media
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Media, Gender, and Advertising
- Keywords
- online reputation, sexuality, privacy, youth, social media, gender inequality, female body, pornography, sexual harassment, online abuse, critical pedagogy, homosociality, misogyny, intimate relationships, peer relationships
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
