The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Scoping Review on Studies of Cyberbullying Prevalence Among Adolescents
Open accessAbstract
This descriptive scoping aims to understand how the prevalence of cyberbullying has been estimated across studies. A systematic scoping review of cyberbullying empirical studies was conducted by using three bibliographic databases to search for papers published between January 2004 and August 2014. A protocol was defined to identify the relevant papers. Papers selected were included in a data sheet developed by the authors to record specific findings. In total, 159 studies were included in the scoping review. Most of the prevalence studies were conducted in the last 4 years, mainly in North America ( n = 77) and in Europe ( n = 65). High methodological heterogeneity was found among the studies, which may contribute to explain variability in prevalence estimates. Cyberbullying experiences were assessed through several different perspectives: focused only on victims, focused only on perpetrators, or focused on both victims and perpetrators (without differentiating between if they are victims or perpetrators). Most of the studies tend to assess cybervictimization experiences. However, even considering the same perspective, the same country, and the same recall period, a high variability in the estimates was observed. As a main conclusion, the way in which the prevalence of cyberbullying is estimated is influenced by methodological research options.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In research published worldwide, cyberbullying perpetration ranged from 1.9% to 79.3% and victimization between 1.6% and 56.9% over a 6-month period (48).”
From A thematic analysis of adolescents’ perceptions of cyberbullying and cyberaggression: definitional distinctions and educational gaps (2026) · cites this paper as [48]
In the citing paper
“These variances were attributed to inconsistent definitions and conceptualizations, timeframes (e.g., past week, month etc.), and measurement tools (44, 47–49, 51).”
From A thematic analysis of adolescents’ perceptions of cyberbullying and cyberaggression: definitional distinctions and educational gaps (2026) · cites this paper as [48]
Citations
Cites
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & the PRISMA Group* (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135 · Cited by 37,554
Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework
Arksey, H., & O'Malley, L. (2005) · International Journal of Social Research Methodology · doi:10.1080/1364557032000119616 · Cited by 36,742
Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils
Smith, P. K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N. (2008) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01846.x · Cited by 3,639
New bottle but old wine: A research of cyberbullying in schools
Li, Q. (2005) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2005.10.005 · Cited by 1,044
Prevalence and Predictors of Internet Bullying
Williams, K. R., & Guerra, N. G. (2007) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.08.018 · Cited by 1,010
Ybarra, M. L., & Mitchell, K. J. (2004) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2004.03.007 · Cited by 737
Cyberbullying in adolescents: Modalities and aggressors’ profile
Calvete, E., Orue, I., Estévez, A., Villardón, L., & Padilla, P. (2010) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.03.017 · Cited by 686
A Longitudinal Perspective on Dating Violence Among Adolescent and College-Age Women
Smith, P. H., White, J. W., & Holland, L. J. (2003) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.93.7.1104 · Cited by 635
Current perspectives: the impact of cyberbullying on adolescent health
Nixon, C. (2014) · Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics · doi:10.2147/ahmt.s36456 · Cited by 623
Bonanno, R. A., & Hymel, S. (2013) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-013-9937-1 · Cited by 546
Traditional and Nontraditional Bullying Among Youth: A Test of General Strain Theory
Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2010) · Youth & Society · doi:10.1177/0044118x10366951 · Cited by 502
Cyberbullying: Review of an Old Problem Gone Viral
Aboujaoude, E., Savage, M. W., Starcevic, V., & Salame, W. O. (2015) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.04.011 · Cited by 465
Hamm, M. P., Newton, A. S., Chisholm, A., Shulhan, J., Milne, A., Sundar, P., Ennis, H., Scott, S. D., & Hartling, L. (2015) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0944 · Cited by 449 · cited 1×
“In line with other publications, we should also note that most of the countries have a small number of studies which may contribute to high variability in the estimates, while countries with a high number of studies seem to show lower variability in the estimates (Hamm et al., 2015).”
ResultAn analysis of multiple factors of cyberbullying among junior high school students in Taiwan
Huang, Y.-Y., & Chou, C. (2010) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.06.005 · Cited by 441
The Emotional Impact of Bullying and Cyberbullying on Victims: A European Cross‐National Study
Ruiz, R. O., Elipe, P., Mora-Merchán, J. A., Genta, M. L., Brighi, A., Guarini, A., Smith, P. K., Thompson, F., & Tippett, N. (2012) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.21440 · Cited by 410
Heirman, W., & Walrave, M. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 246
Cyberbullying assessment instruments: A systematic review
Berne, S., Frisén, A., Schultze-Krumbholz, A., Scheithauer, H., Naruskov, K., Luik, P., Katzer, C., Erentaite, R., & Zukauskiene, R. (2013) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2012.11.022 · Cited by 241
Straus, M. A., & Ramirez, I. L. (2007) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.20199 · Cited by 228
Campbell, M. A., Slee, P. T., Spears, B., Butler, D., & Kift, S. (2013) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/0143034313479698 · Cited by 223
Sampasa‐Kanyinga, H., Roumeliotis, P., & Xu, H. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102145 · Cited by 216
Gender Symmetry, Sexism, and Intimate Partner Violence
Allen, C. T., Swan, S. C., & Raghavan, C. (2008) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260508325496 · Cited by 197
Determinants of Self-Reported Bystander Behavior in Cyberbullying Incidents Amongst Adolescents
DeSmet, A., Veldeman, C., Poels, K., Bastiaensens, S., Cleemput, K. V., Vandebosch, H., & Bourdeaudhuij, I. D. (2013) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2013.0027 · Cited by 194
Völlink, T., Bolman, C. A. W., Dehue, F., & Jacobs, N. C. L. (2013) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.2142 · Cited by 193
Messias, E., Kindrick, K., & Castro, J. (2014) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.02.005 · Cited by 185
(2009) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.46-3007 · Cited by 184
Kiriakidis, S. P., & Kavoura, A. (2010) · Family & Community Health · doi:10.1097/fch.0b013e3181d593e4 · Cited by 183
Western Journal of Emergency Medicine
(2012) · Wilderness and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.wem.2011.11.004 · Cited by 167
Sinclair, K. O., Bauman, S. A., Poteat, V. P., Koenig, B. W., & Russell, S. T. (2012) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.09.009 · Cited by 146
High school students' perceptions of motivations for cyberbullying: an exploratory study.
Varjas, K., Talley, J., Meyers, J. P., Parris, L. N., & Cutts, H. (2010) · PubMed Central · Cited by 143
Cross-Cultural Differences in Cyberbullying Behavior
Barlett, C. P., Gentile, D. A., Anderson, C. A., Suzuki, K., Sakamoto, A., Yamaoka, A., & Katsura, R. (2013) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022113504622 · Cited by 137
Estévez, E., Ochoa, G. M., & Herrero, J. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 136
Elledge, L. C., Williford, A., Boulton, A. J., DePaolis, K. J., Little, T. D., & Salmivalli, C. (2013) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-013-9920-x · Cited by 128
Cyber Bullying: Clarifying Legal Boundaries For School Supervision In Cyberspace
Shariff, S., & Hoff, D. L. (2007) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.18279 · Cited by 128
[Cyberbullying: adolescent victimization through mobile phone and internet].
Buelga, S., Cava, M. J., & Ochoa, G. M. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 106
(2012) · PubMed · Cited by 98
Factors associated with distressing electronic harassment and cyberbullying
Fenaughty, J., & Harré, N. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.11.008 · Cited by 97
Children’s perspectives on cyberbullying: Insights based on participatory research
Baas, N., de Jong, M. D. T., & Drossaert, C. H. C. (2013) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2012.0079 · Cited by 80
Allen, K. P. (2011) · Journal of Youth Studies · doi:10.1080/13676261.2011.630994 · Cited by 66
Do Children Who Bully Their Peers Also Play Violent Video Games? A Canadian National Study
Dittrick, C. J., Beran, T., Mishna, F., Hetherington, R., & Shariff, S. (2013) · Journal of School Violence · doi:10.1080/15388220.2013.803244 · Cited by 47
Cyberbullying by mobile phone among adolescents: The role of gender and peer group status
Abeele, M. V., & Cock, R. D. (2013) · Communications · doi:10.1515/commun-2013-0006 · Cited by 27
Suicide and the Internet: the case of Amanda Todd.
Lester, D., McSwain, S., & Gunn, J. F. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 14
Cyberbullying and Psychological and Behavioral Health Problems
Gámez‐Guadix, M., Smith, P. K., Orue, I., & Calvete, E. (2014) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.02.003 · Cited by 11
Influencia de la exposición a la violencia en conductas de agresión en cyberbullying
LUQUE, Á. S., & Romera, E. M. (2013) · APUNTES DE PSICOLOGÍA · doi:10.55414/ap.v31i2.325 · Cited by 8
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Buelga S., 2010, Psicothema, 22, 784
- Estevez E., 2005, Adolescence, 40, 183
- Heirman W., 2012, Psicothema, 24, 614
- Lester D., 2013, International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 15, 179
- Pokin S. (2007, 11). ‘My Space’ hoax ends with suicide of Dardenne Prairie teen. St. Charles County Suburban Journal. Retrieved from http://www.stltoday.com/suburban-journals/stcharles/news/stevepokin/my-space-hoax-ends-with-suicide-of-dardenne-prairie-teen/article_0304c09a-ab32-5931-9bb3-210a5d5dbd58.HTML
- Shariff S., 2007, International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 1, 76
- Wachs S., 2012, Psicothema, 24, 628
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Zhu, C., Huang, S., Evans, R., & Zhang, W. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.634909 · Cited by 809
A developmental approach to cyberbullying: Prevalence and protective factors
Kowalski, R. M., Limber, S. P., & McCord, A. (2019) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2018.02.009 · Cited by 497
Some Problems with Cyberbullying Research
Olweus, D., & Limber, S. P. (2018) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.04.012 · Cited by 373
Hellfeldt, K., López-Romero, L., & Andershed, H. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17010045 · Cited by 278
Machimbarrena, J. M., Calvete, E., Fernández-González, L., Álvarez-Bardón, A., Álvarez-Fernández, L., & González-Cabrera, J. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15112471 · Cited by 273
Metadata
- Authors
- Brochado, S., Soares, S., & Fraga, S.
- Affiliations
- Universidade do Porto (PT)
- Corresponding author
- Fraga, Sílvia
- Venue
- Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2016-04-05
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 523-531
- ISSN
- 1524-8380 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-8324
- OpenAlex
- W2335606488
- Cited by
- 307
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 2.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Trauma Violence & Abuse (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (COMPETE, PTDC/SAU-SAP/122904/2010, FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Keywords
- cyberbullying, prevalence estimation, adolescents, cyber victimization, cyberbullying perpetrators, methodological heterogeneity
- MeSH terms
- Cyberbullying, Adolescent, Female, Humans, Male, Crime Victims
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
