The DOI matches its Crossref record; 162 of the 162 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Neurobiology of Conditioned and Unconditioned Fear: A Neurobehavioral System Analysis of the Amygdala
Abstract
A neurobehavioral system approach to conditioned and unconditioned fear is presented. By employing reproducible fear behaviors in Pavlovian conditioning and unconditioned fear paradigms, it has been possible to delineate some differences in neural circuitry and cellular biology for conditioned and unconditioned fear. It is suggested that the basolateral complex of the amygdala and the central nucleus of the amygdala are part of the neural circuitry for fear conditioning but not for unconditioned fear to a predator odor. Furthermore, changes in expression of the transcription factor early growth response gene 1 in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala are shown to be important for contextual fear conditioning but not for unconditioned fear to a predator odor. In addition, data suggest that although conditioning to a synthetic predator odor, trimethylthiazoline, has been difficult to demonstrate, conditioning can occur by modifying by the environment. Finally, the relevance of the animal studies to human anxiety disorders is discussed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Freezing is a universal fear response, observed both in reaction to conditioned (learned) or unconditioned (acutely threatening) stimuli or situations [22].”
From Freeze for action: neurobiological mechanisms in animal and human freezing (2017) · cites this paper as [22]
Citations
Cites
LeDoux, J. E. (2000) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.23.1.155 · Cited by 8,444
The amygdala: vigilance and emotion
Davis, M., & Whalen, P. J. (2001) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000812 · Cited by 2,882
The Amygdaloid Complex: Anatomy and Physiology
SAH, P., FABER, E. S. L., LOPEZ DE ARMENTIA, M., & POWER, J. (2003) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00002.2003 · Cited by 1,745
Preliminary analysis of functions of the temporal lobes in monkeys
KLÜVER, H. (1939) · Archives of Neurology And Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1939.02270240017001 · Cited by 1,696
Seligman, M. E. P. (1971) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(71)80064-3 · Cited by 1,649
Pavlovian conditioning: it's not what you think it is
Rescorla, R. A. (1988) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.43.3.151 · Cited by 1,542
The amygdala: Neurobiological aspects of emotion, memory, and mental dysfunction.
Aggleton, J. P. (1992) · Wiley-Liss eBooks · Cited by 1,536
Herdegen, T., & Leah, J. D. (1998) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(98)00018-6 · Cited by 1,369
Ricardo, J. A., & Koh, E. T. (1978) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(78)91125-3 · Cited by 1,362
Swanson, L. W., & Petrovich, G. D. (1998) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(98)01265-x · Cited by 1,351
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Alheid, G. F., 1995, The rat nervous system, 495
- Bangasser, D., 2002, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 28, 380
- Davis, M., 1992, The amygdala: Neurobiological aspects of emotion, memory andmental dysfunction, 255
- Holstege, G., 1995, The rat nervous system, 137
- Jackson, T., 2003, Current Opinion in Drug Discovery and Development, 6, 712
- Li, C., 2002, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 28, 287
- Rosen, J.B., 2002, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 28, 83
- Shipley, M. T., 1995, The rat nervous system, 899
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 219
Goal-Directed Behavior and Instrumental Devaluation: A Neural System-Level Computational Model
Mannella, F., Mirolli, M., & Baldassarre, G. (2016) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00181 · Cited by 33
The Neural Foundations of Reaction and Action in Aversive Motivation
Campese, V. D., Sears, R. M., Moscarello, J. M., Díaz-Mataix, L., Cain, C. K., & LeDoux, J. E. (2015) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2015_401 · Cited by 33
The fear circuitry in panic disorder and its modulation by cognitive-behaviour therapy interventions
de Carvalho, M. R., Rozenthal, M., & Nardi, A. E. (2010) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622970903178176 · Cited by 30
Blakemore, R. L., Rieger, S. W., & Vuilleumier, P. O. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.029 · Cited by 32
The Role of the Amygdala and Olfaction in Unconditioned Fear in Developing Rats
Chen, S. W. C., Shemyakin, A., & Wiedenmayer, C. P. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2890-05.2006 · Cited by 30
Imaging unconditioned fear response with manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI)
Chen, W., Tenney, J., Kulkarni, P. P., & King, J. A. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.05.001 · Cited by 30
Predicting Impaired Extinction of Traumatic Memory and Elevated Startle
Nalloor, R. I., Bunting, K. M., & Vazdarjanova, A. I. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019760 · Cited by 29
Basolateral amygdala inactivation impairs learned (but not innate) fear response in rats
Ribeiro, A. M., Barbosa, F. F., Munguba, H., Costa, M. S. M. O., Cavalcante, J. S., & Silva, R. H. (2011) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2011.02.004 · Cited by 28
Ishibashi, S., Kuroiwa, T., LiYuan, S., Katsumata, N., Li, S., Endo, S., & Mizusawa, H. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-211-30714-1_64 · Cited by 28
Towards a translational model of panic attack.
Schenberg, L. C. (2010) · Psychology & Neuroscience · doi:10.3922/j.psns.2010.1.003 · Cited by 27
Adaptation and well-being : social allostasis
Schulkin, J. A. (2011) · Cited by 26
Fear induced neuronal alterations in a genetic model of depression: An fMRI study on awake animals
Huang, W., Heffernan, M. E., Li, Z., Zhang, N., Overstreet, D. H., & King, J. A. (2010) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2010.11.069 · Cited by 27
Merali, Z., Presti-Torres, J., MacKay, J. C., Johnstone, J., Du, L., St-Jean, A., Levesque, D., Kent, P., Schwartsmann, G., Roesler, R., et al. (2014) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.01.008 · Cited by 25
Schreiber, W. B., Asok, A., Jablonski, S. A., Rosen, J. B., & Stanton, M. E. (2014) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.06.007 · Cited by 25
Self-citationArakawa, H. (2019) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112140 · Cited by 25
Thompson, B. L., & Rosen, J. B. (2005) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.07.024 · Cited by 23
Self-citationAsok, A., Schulkin, J. A., & Rosen, J. B. (2016) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.04.021 · Cited by 22
Self-citationReproductive experience and the response of female Sprague-Dawley rats to fear and stress.
Rima, B., Bardi, M., Friedenberg, J. M., Christon, L., Karelina, K., Lambert, K. G., & Kinsley, C. H. (2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 22
Neuroanatomical substrates involved in cannabinoid modulation of defensive responses
Moreira, F. A., Aguiar, D., Resstel, L. B. M., Lisboa, S. F. D. S., Campos, A. C., Gomes, F. V., & Guimarães, F. S. (2011) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881111400651 · Cited by 24
Huang, B. Y., Zhu, H., Zhou, Y., Liu, X., & Ma, L. (2017) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2017.00053 · Cited by 23
Severe and protracted sleep disruptions in mouse model of post-traumatic stress disorder
Sharma, R., Sahota, P. K., & Thakkar, M. M. (2018) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy003 · Cited by 21
Legendre, A., Papakonstantinou, E., Roy, M.-C., Richard, D., & Harris, R. B. S. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00592.2006 · Cited by 22
A Computational Model of the Amygdala Nuclei’s Role in Second Order Conditioning
Mannella, F., Zappacosta, S., Mirolli, M., & Baldassarre, G. (2008) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69134-1_32 · Cited by 21
Olfactory Evaluation in Alzheimer’s Disease Model Mice
Zhang, J., Zhao, Z., Sun, S., Li, J., Wang, Y., Dong, J., Yang, S. C., Lou, Y., Yang, J., Li, W., et al. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12050607 · Cited by 19
Sanford, L. D., Wellman, L. L., Adkins, A. M., Guo, M., Zhang, Y., Ren, R., Yang, L., & Tang, X. (2023) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100517 · Cited by 24
Strand, N., Fang, L., & Carlson, J. M. (2021) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2021.627589 · Cited by 21
Ayers, L. W., Asok, A., Blaze, J., Roth, T. L., & Rosen, J. B. (2015) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.21362 · Cited by 20
Self-citationGuo, N., Garcia, M. M., & Harlan, R. E. (2008) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/a0012595 · Cited by 18
Chapter 16 Endocannabinoid System and Fear Conditioning
Resstel, L. B. M., Moreira, F. A., & Guimarães, F. S. (2009) · Vitamins and hormones · doi:10.1016/s0083-6729(09)81016-9 · Cited by 18
A new mechanism of synapse-specific neuronal plasticity
Nikitin, V. P. (2007) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1007/s11055-007-0053-0 · Cited by 17
Population coding of predator imminence in the hypothalamus
Cheung, K. Y. M., Nair, A., Li, L.-Y., Shapiro, M. G., & Anderson, D. J. (2025) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2025.02.003 · Cited by 16
Robinson-Drummer, P. A., Chakraborty, T., Heroux, N. A., Rosen, J. B., & Stanton, M. E. (2018) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2018.02.008 · Cited by 16
Self-citationBoissy, A., & Erhard, H. W. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85752-9.00014-7 · Cited by 17
Gauvin, D. V., Zimmermann, Z. J., Dalton, J. A., Baird, T. J., & Kallman, M. J. (2019) · International Journal of Toxicology · doi:10.1177/1091581819864836 · Cited by 16
Park, S., Ko, S. Y., Frankland, P. W., & Josselyn, S. A. (2024) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2023.0227 · Cited by 15
Diminishing fear: Optogenetic approach toward understanding neural circuits of fear control
Luchkina, N. V., & Bolshakov, V. Y. (2017) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2017.05.005 · Cited by 16
Rosen, J. B., Donley, M. P., Gray, D., West, E. A., Morgan, M. A., & Schulkin, J. A. (2008) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.06.019 · Cited by 15
Self-citationUselman, T. W., Barto, D. R., Jacobs, R. E., & Bearer, E. L. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116975 · Cited by 13
Identification of the CART neuropeptide circuitry processing TMT-induced predator stress
Sharma, A., Rale, A., Utturwar, K., Ghose, A., & Subhedar, N. K. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.08.019 · Cited by 14
Defensive freezing and its relation to approach-avoidance decision-making under threatPreprint
Klaassen, F. H., Held, L. K., Figner, B., O’Reilly, J. X., Klumpers, F., de Voogd, L. D., & Karin Roelofs, A. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.01.29.428809 · Cited by 14
Sensing molecular carbon dioxide: a translational focus for respiratory disease
Vadász, I., Cummins, E. P., Brotherton, D. H., Casalino-Matsuda, S. M., Dada, L. A., Green, O., King, D. T., Kryvenko, V., Shigemura, M., Sporn, P. H. S., et al. (2025) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00022.2024 · Cited by 13
Putnam, P. T., & Chang, S. W. C. (2021) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113356 · Cited by 11
Extended Reality Technologies: Expanding Therapeutic Approaches for PTSD
López-Ojeda, W., & Hurley, R. A. (2022) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.21100244 · Cited by 18
Anxiety and the brain: Neuropeptides as emerging factors
Satao, K. S., & Doshi, G. (2024) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173878 · Cited by 12
Wang, P., Gao, Y., Isen, J. D., Tuvblad, C., Raine, A., & Baker, L. A. (2015) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579414001424 · Cited by 12
Sex, defense, and risk assessment: Who could ask for anything more?
Blanchard, D. C. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104931 · Cited by 11
Zoladz, P. R., & Diamond, D. M. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118356142.ch6 · Cited by 12
Novelty and fear conditioning induced gene expression in high and low states of anxietyPreprint
Donley, M. P., & Rosen, J. B. (2017) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.044289.116 · Cited by 13
Self-citationSotnikov, S., Chekmareva, N. Y., Schmid, B., Harbich, D., Malik, V. A., Bauer, S., Kühne, C., Markt, P. O., Deussing, J. M., Schmidt, M. V., et al. (2014) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.12624 · Cited by 10
Barretto‐de‐Souza, L., Adami, M. B., de Oliveira, L. L., Gomes‐de‐Souza, L., Duarte, J. O., Almeida, J., & Crestani, C. C. (2017) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.11.015 · Cited by 10
Pearson, B. L., Defensor, E. B., Blanchard, D. C., & Blanchard, R. J. (2015) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.03.035 · Cited by 11
Yuan, R. K., Hebert, J. C., Thomas, A. S., Wann, E. G., & Muzzio, I. A. (2015) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2015.00319 · Cited by 9
Lender, A., Miedl, S. F., Wilhelm, F. H., Miller, J., & Blechert, J. (2020) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113014 · Cited by 9
Amygdala and Emotional Learning in Vertebrates – A Comparative Perspective
Pedro, J., Carlos, J., & Portavell, M. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/51552 · Cited by 9
Ahnaou, A., & Drinkenburg, W. H. I. M. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104897 · Cited by 7
Towards a translational model of panic attack
Schenberg, L. C. (2010) · Psicologia Teoria e Pesquisa · doi:10.1590/s1983-32882010000100003 · Cited by 7
Katsumata, N., Kuroiwa, T., Ishibashi, S., Li, S., Endo, S., & Ohno, K. (2006) · Neuropathology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1789.2006.00696.x · Cited by 7
Keil, A., & Miskovic, V. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-417188-6.00002-5 · Cited by 8
Carnicella, S., de Vasconcelos, A. P., Pain, L., Majchrzak, M., & Oberling, P. (2006) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2006.03.005 · Cited by 4
Predator odor stress reactivity, alcohol drinking and the endocannabinoid system
Ornelas, L. C., & Besheer, J. (2024) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100634 · Cited by 7
The effects of swimming exercise on recognition memory for objects and conditioned fear in rats
de Lima, D. D., Magro, D. D. D., da Cruz, J. N., & da Cruz, J. G. P. (2012) · Acta Scientiarum Health Sciences · doi:10.4025/actascihealthsci.v34i2.4378 · Cited by 6
Medial Prefrontal Cortex Processes Threatening Stimuli in Juvenile Rats
Kabitzke, P., Barr, G. A., Chan, T., Shair, H. N., & Wiedenmayer, C. P. (2014) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.40 · Cited by 6
Wintermann, G., Donix, M., Joraschky, P., Gerber, J. C., & Petrowski, K. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/annotation/e2406113-a289-49f6-b3d9-88d09d385d50 · Cited by 7
Behavioral and Neurobiological Assessments of Predator-Based Fear Conditioning and Extinction
Halonen, J. D., Zoladz, P. R., Park, C. R., & Diamond, D. M. (2016) · Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science · doi:10.4236/jbbs.2016.68033 · Cited by 6
Are Predator Smell (TMT)-Induced Behavioral Alterations in Rats Able to Inhibit Seizures?
Delfino-Pereira, P., Bertti, P., de Oliveira, J. A. C., Turatti, I. C. C., Fernandes, A., Lopes, N. P., & Garcia‐Cairasco, N. (2020) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/bjaa023 · Cited by 4
Janitzky, K., Prellwitz, O., Schwegler, H., Yanagawa, Y., & Roskoden, T. (2015) · Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science · doi:10.4236/jbbs.2015.57032 · Cited by 4
Evolutionary Psychology and Fear of Crime
Sidebottom, A., & Tilley, N. (2008) · Policing A Journal of Policy and Practice · doi:10.1093/police/pan022 · Cited by 4
Litvin, Y., Blanchard, D. C., & Blanchard, R. J. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107447189.014 · Cited by 4
Nikitin, V. P., & Kozyrev, S. A. (2007) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1007/s11055-007-0059-7 · Cited by 2
Simone, J. J., & McCormick, C. M. (2016) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.12.002 · Cited by 3
Korku Sinemasının Cazibesi Üzerine Felsefi ve Psikolojik Bir İnceleme
ÇAĞLIYAN, E. A. (2020) · SineFilozofi · doi:10.31122/sinefilozofi.735688 · Cited by 2
Freeze-like responses to pain in humans and its modulation by social context
Karos, K., Meulders, A., Leyssen, T., & Vlaeyen, J. W. S. (2020) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.10094 · Cited by 2
Le cri humain : une niche acoustique particulière
Arnal, L. H. (2016) · médecine/sciences · doi:10.1051/medsci/20163206003 · Cited by 2
Tanriverdi, A. M. (2019) · Northern Clinics of Istanbul · doi:10.14744/nci.2019.69345 · Cited by 2
Behavioural and neurogenetic study of mechanisms related to cat odour induced anxiety in rodents
Areda, T. (2006) · DSpace repository (University of Tartu) · Cited by 2
van Rysewyk, S. P. (2013) · Figshare · doi:10.25959/23208842 · Cited by 2
[Some utilization possibilities of microwave spectroscopy in quantitative radiobiology].
Mueller, A., & Zimmer, K. G. (1959) · PubMed · Cited by 2
Rank- and threat-dependent social modulation of innate defensive behaviors
Li, L.-Y., Gao, X., Zhang, J., Wu, W.-W., & Li, Y.-T. (2026) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.109571.3 · Cited by 2
Aversive Emotions: Molecular Basis of Unconditioned Fear☆
Rosen, J. B. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.02720-6 · Cited by 1
Self-citationRima, B. (2006) · Cited by 1
Cleemput, V., & Michelle, J. (2006) · University Library - University of Saskatchewan (University of Saskatchewan) · Cited by 1
Mechanisms of conjunctive learning in a rat model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
Jablonski, S. A. (2024) · Library, Museums and Press - UDSpace (University of Delaware) · doi:10.58088/8wc5-sw03 · Cited by 1
Fear of falling, proprioception and spinal reflex modulation
Davis, J. R. (2011) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0071488 · Cited by 1
A influência da estimulação olfatória no desenvolvimento de crises límbicas em ratos Wistar
Delfino-Pereira, P. (2017) · doi:10.11606/d.17.2017.tde-01022016-103743 · Cited by 1
Examining the role of ASIC1A in mouse models of addiction and CO2-evoked panic-like behaviors
Kreple, C. J., Wemmie, J. A., Lee, A., Anderson, M. G., Richerson, G. B., Benson, C. J., & Harata, N. C. (2015) · doi:10.17077/etd.elc54pws
Ferreira, R. (2014) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.59.2014.tde-05092014-110344
Effects of overexpressing ASIC2a and ASIC3 in transgenic mice
Costa, V. V. (2009) · doi:10.17077/etd.bbzrh79s
Yochiy, A. (2010) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.47.2010.tde-26072010-143609
GABAA receptor subunit-related neuroanatomical substrates for attenuation of anxiety
Hellsten, K. (2015) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja
Ganev, J. (2007) · UC Research Repository (University of Canterbury) · doi:10.26021/6092
Andersen, D. (2007) · University Library - University of Saskatchewan (University of Saskatchewan)
Aversive Emotions: Molecular Basis of Unconditioned Fear
Rosen, J. B. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008045046-9.00832-9
Self-citationHippocampal function and the developmental neurobiology of fear conditioning
Schreiber, W. B. (2015) · Library, Museums and Press - UDSpace (University of Delaware) · doi:10.58088/j0ct-7238
Post traumatic stress disorder: Insights from cat hair and catfish
Nalloor, R. (2012)
ROLE OF INHIBITION IN EMOTIONAL LEARNING
Isabel, C., & Cunha, L. R. D. S. (2012)
Sampaio, A. M. (2008) · Americanae (AECID Library)
Metadata
- Authors
- Rosen, J. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Delaware (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rosen, Jeffrey B.
- ORCID
- Rosen, Jeffrey B.
- Venue
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2004-03
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 23-41
- ISSN
- 1534-5823 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-4159
- OpenAlex
- W2094973377
- Cited by
- 219
- References
- 160
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 7.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- fear conditioning, unconditioned fear, amygdala, basolateral amygdala, central amygdala, lateral amygdala, early growth response gene-1, contextual fear conditioning, predator odor, neural circuits, anxiety disorders, classical conditioning
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Conditioning, Psychological, Fear, Nerve Net, Shock, Smell, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review