What is the amygdala?
Abstract
'Amygdala' and 'amygdalar complex' are terms that now refer to a highly differentiated region near the temporal pole of the mammalian cerebral hemisphere. Cell groups within it appear to be differentiated parts of the traditional cortex, the claustrum, or the striatum, and these parts belong to four obvious functional systems--accessory olfactory, main olfactory, autonomic and frontotemporal cortical. In rats, the central nucleus is a specialized autonomic-projecting motor region of the striatum, whereas the lateral and anterior basolateral nuclei together are a ventromedial extension of the claustrum for major regions of the temporal and frontal lobes. The rest of the amygdala forms association parts of the olfactory system (accessory and main), with cortical, claustral and striatal parts. Terms such as 'amygdala' and 'lenticular nucleus' combine cell groups arbitrarily rather than according to the structural and functional units to which they now seem to belong. The amygdala is neither a structural nor a functional unit.
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The CeA sends a direct, likely inhibitory projection to the striatum.
“It sends a direct, likely inhibitory33, projection to the striatum30,34,35 and is, thus, poised to oppose striatal activity.”
From A dual-pathway architecture for stress to disrupt agency and promote habit (2025) · cites this paper as [33]
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Regulating anxiety with extrasynaptic inhibition
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“33 GABAergic (about 90%) and exhibiting medium spiny-type morphology (Cassell, Gray et al. 1986; McDonald 1992; Swanson and Petrovich 1998).”
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- Authors
- Swanson, L. W., & Petrovich, G. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Venue
- Trends in Neurosciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1998-08
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 323-331
- ISSN
- 0166-2236 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2008106418
- Cited by
- 1,351
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 61
- FWCI
- 4.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-16686.)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Keywords
- amygdala, basal ganglia, claustrum, striatum, accessory olfactory system, main olfactory system, autonomic systems, temporal pole, lentiform nucleus, functional systems, rat brain, neuroanatomical terminology
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Humans, Neural Pathways
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