Cited by 892Salivary Gland Disorders and FunctionsClinical Laboratory Practices and Quality ControlHIV/AIDS oral health manifestations

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T he D iagnostic A pplications of S aliva — A R eview

Kaufman, Eliaz, Lamster, Ira B.·2002·Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

DOI 10.1177/154411130201300209

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Abstract

This review examines the diagnostic application of saliva for systemic diseases. As a diagnostic fluid, saliva offers distinctive advantages over serum because it can be collected non-invasively by individuals with modest training. Furthermore, saliva may provide a cost-effective approach for the screening of large populations. Gland-specific saliva can be used for diagnosis of pathology specific to one of the major salivary glands. Whole saliva, however, is most frequently used for diagnosis of systemic diseases, since it is readily collected and contains serum constituents. These constituents are derived from the local vasculature of the salivary glands and also reach the oral cavity via the flow of gingival fluid. Analysis of saliva may be useful for the diagnosis of hereditary disorders, autoimmune diseases, malignant and infectious diseases, and endocrine disorders, as well as in the assessment of therapeutic levels of drugs and the monitoring of illicit drug use.

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Ben‐Chetrit, E., Fischel, R., & Rubinow, A. (1993) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/bf02231773 · Cited by 53
Salivary enzymes
Chauncey, H. H. (1961) · The Journal of the American Dental Association · doi:10.14219/jada.archive.1961.0215 · Cited by 53
New, ultrasensitive enzyme immunoassay for detecting vaccine- and disease-induced hepatitis A virus-specific immunoglobulin G in saliva
Ochnio, J., Scheifele, D. W., Ho, M., & MITCHELL, L. A. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.35.1.98-101.1997 · Cited by 52
The biochemistry of nitrates, nitrites, nitrosamines and other potential carcinogens in human saliva
Tenovuo, J. O. (1986) · Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1986.tb00630.x · Cited by 51
The Occurrence of Calculus in Normal Children, Children with Cystic Fibrosis, and Children with Asthma
Wotman, S., Mercadante, J. L., Mandel, I. D., GOLDMAN, R. S., & Denning, C. R. (1973) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1973.44.5.278 · Cited by 51
p53 Mutation and Mitotic Infidelity
Tarapore, P., & Fukasawa, K. (2000) · Cancer Investigation · doi:10.3109/07357900009038246 · Cited by 51
Use of Saliva in Home Monitoring of Carbamazepine Levels
Rosenthal, E., Hoffer, E., Ben‐Aryeh, H., Badarni, S., Benderly, A., & Hemli, Y. (1995) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1995.tb01668.x · Cited by 51
Salivary Nitrate, Nitrite and Nitrate Reductase Activity in Relation to Risk of Oral Cancer in Egypt
Badawi, A. F., Hosny, G., el-Hadary, M. S., & Mostafa, M. H. (1998) · Disease Markers · doi:10.1155/1998/507653 · Cited by 50
Purification and Properties of the Calcium-precipitable Protein in Submaxillary Saliva of Normal and Cystic Fibrosis Subjects
Boat, T. F., Wiesman, U. N., & Pallavicini, J. C. (1974) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/00006450-197405000-00001 · Cited by 49
Saliva Estriol Measurements: An Alternative to the Assay of Serum Unconjugated Estriol in Assessing Feto- Placental Function
VINING, R. F. W., McGinley, R. A., & Rice, B. (1983) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-56-3-454 · Cited by 49
Drugs and oral disorders
Rees, T. D. (1998) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0757.1998.tb00136.x · Cited by 49
Sialochemistry for diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome in xerostomic patients
Ben‐Aryeh, H., Spielman, A., Szargel, R., Gutman, D., Scharf, J., Nahir, M. A., & Scharf, Y. (1981) · Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology · doi:10.1016/0030-4220(81)90359-5 · Cited by 48
The Biologic Significance of the Aldosterone Concentration in Saliva
McVie, R., Levine, L. S., & New, M. I. (1979) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/00006450-197906000-00007 · Cited by 47
Salivary antibody testing in a school outbreak of hepatitis A.
Stuart, J. M., Majeed, A., Cartwright, K. A. V., Room, R., Parry, J. V., Perry, K. R., & Begg, N. T. (1992) · PubMed Central · Cited by 46
p53 as a sensor of carcinogenic exposures: mechanisms of p53 protein induction and lessons from p53 gene mutations.
Hainaut, P. L., & Vähäkangas, K. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 46
Dental caries, mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, and saliva secretion rate in adults
Klock, B., Svanberg, M. L., & Petersson, L. (1990) · Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1990.tb00069.x · Cited by 45
Infrequency of isolation of HTLV-III virus from saliva in AIDS [letter]
Ho, D. D., Re, B., Rt, S., Flynn, T., Rota, T. R., & Hirsch, M. (1985) · New England Journal of Medicine · Cited by 45
A Modified ELISA and Western Blot Accurately Determine Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Antibodies in Oral Fluids Obtained with a Special Collecting Device
Emmons, W. W., Paparello, S. F., Decker, C. F., Sheffield, J., & Lowe-Bey, F. (1995) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/171.6.1406 · Cited by 42
Detection of Recent Cannabis Use by Saliva 9-THC Radioimmunoassay
Gross, S. J., Worthy, T. E., Nerder, L. J., Zimmermann, E., Soares, J. R., & Lomax, P. (1985) · Journal of Analytical Toxicology · doi:10.1093/jat/9.1.1 · Cited by 42
Saliva composition and its importance in dental health.
Pc, F. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 42
Cystic Fibrosis
Grody, W. W. (1999) · Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.5858/1999-123-1041-cf · Cited by 42
Salivary insulin concentrations in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and obese non-diabetic subjects: Relationship to changes in plasma insulin levels after an oral glucose load
Marchetti, P., Benzi, L., Masoni, A., Cecchetti, P., GIANNARELLI, R., Cianni, G. D., Ciccarone, A. M., & Navalesi, R. (1986) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00870278 · Cited by 41
A school outbreak of parvovirus B19 infection investigated using salivary antibody assays
Rice, P., & Cohen, B. J. (1996) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s0950268800052651 · Cited by 41
Correlation of Ethanol Concentrations in Blood and Saliva
McColl, K. E. L., Whiting, B., Moore, M. R., & Goldberg, A. (1979) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs0560283 · Cited by 41
Characteristics of IgA Antibodies Against HIV‐1 in Sera and Saliva from HIV‐Seropositive Individuals in Different Clinical Stages
MATSUDA, S., OKA, S., Honda, M., TAKEBE, Y., & TAKFMORI, T. (1993) · Scandinavian Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1993.tb02584.x · Cited by 40
Isolated Parotid Acinar Cells from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis. Morphology and Composition
MANGOS, J. A., & Donnelly, W. H. (1981) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/00220345810600010301 · Cited by 40
Detection of Δ9-THC in saliva by capillary after marihuana smoking
Maseda, C., Hama, K., Fukui, Y., Matsubara, K., Takahashi, S., & Akane, A. (1986) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/0379-0738(86)90202-1 · Cited by 40
Lipid Composition of Submandibular Saliva from Normal and Cystic Fibrosis Individuals
Slomiany, B. L., Aono, M., Murty, V. L. N., Slomiany, A., Levine, M., & Tabak, L. A. (1982) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/00220345820610101001 · Cited by 40
Parotid Gland Function in Children with Cystic Fibrosis and Child Control Subjects
Blomfield, J., Rush, A. R., Allars, H. M., & Brown, J. M. (1976) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/00006450-197606000-00004 · Cited by 40
Morphology and Composition
Snyder, H. E., & Kwon, T. W. (1987) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-6062-9_2 · Cited by 39
Antibody-interleukin 2 fusion proteins: A new approach to cancer therapy
Reisfeld, R. A., & Gillies, S. D. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2825(1996)10:3 · Cited by 38
Serum and salivary antigliadin antibodies and serum IgA anti‐endomysium antibodies as a screening test for coeliac disease
Rujner, J., Socha, J., Barra, E., Gregorek, H., Madalinski, K., Woźniewicz, B., & Giera, B. (1996) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb14157.x · Cited by 38
Saliva and serum CA 125 assays for detecting malignant ovarian tumors.
Nam, K. H., Jeon, H. Y., Hun, S., Lee, S. G., Lee, K. H., & Cho, T. H. (2001) · Korean Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology · Cited by 38
Some properties of saliva cotinine measurements in indicating exposure to tobacco smoking.
Giusto, E. L. D., & Eckhard, I. F. (1986) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.76.10.1245 · Cited by 37
OESTRADIOL IN SALIVA DURING THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Evans, J. J., Stewart, C. R., & Merrick, A. Y. (1980) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1980.tb05017.x · Cited by 37
Radioimmunoassay for progesterone in human saliva during the menstrual cycle
Luisi, M., Franchi, F., Kicovic, P. M., Silvestri, D., Cossu, G., Catarsi, A. L., Barletta, D., & Gasperi, M. (1981) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0022-4731(81)90218-1 · Cited by 37
Determination of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Immunization Status Using Oral Fluid Samples
Thieme, T. (1994) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03520030061029 · Cited by 37
Morning Salivary 17-Hydroxyprogesterone Is a Useful Screening Test for Nonclassical 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency*
Zerah, M., Pang, S., & New, M. I. (1987) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-65-2-227 · Cited by 35
Saliva: an additional diagnostic tool in Sjögren's syndrome
Tishler, M., Yaron, I., Shirazi, I., & Yaron, M. (1997) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/s0049-0172(97)80017-0 · Cited by 35
Salivary IgA antigliadin antibody as a marker for coeliac disease.
Hakeem, V., Fifield, R., Al-Bayaty, H. F., Aldred, M. J., Walker, D. M., Williams, J., & Jenkins, H. R. (1992) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.67.6.724 · Cited by 35
Sialochemistry in Sjögren's syndrome: a review
Thorn, J. J., Prause, J. U., & Oxholm, P. (1989) · Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1989.tb01343.x · Cited by 34
The Role of Saliva in Drug Monitoring
Siegel, I. A. (1993) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18345.x · Cited by 34
Direct Radioimmunoassay of Progesterone in Saliva
Lu, Y.-C., Chatterton, R. T., Vogelsong, K. M., & May, L. (1997) · Journal of Immunoassay · doi:10.1080/01971529708005810 · Cited by 34
Salivary Cotinine, Frequency of Cigarette Smoking, and Body Mass Index: Findings at Baseline in the Lung Health Study
Istvan, J. A., Nides, M. A., Buist, A. S., Greene, P. G., & Voelker, H. T. (1994) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117052 · Cited by 34
Salivary Insulin in Normal and Type I Diabetic Subjects
Pasic, J., & Pickup, J. C. (1988) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.11.6.489 · Cited by 32
A Comparative Study of Saliva and OraSure® Oral Fluid
CORDEIRO, M. L., Turpin, C., & McADAMS, S. A. (1993) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18380.x · Cited by 32
PLASMA AND SALIVARY ANDROSTENEDIONE AND DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE IN WOMEN WITH HYPERANDROGENISM
Baxendale, P. M., Jacobs, H. S., & James, V. H. T. (1983) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1983.tb02874.x · Cited by 31
NONINVASIVE METHODS FOR DRUG MEASUREMENT IN PEDIATRICS
Bailey, B., Klein, J., & Koren, G. (1997) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70460-0 · Cited by 30
Radioimmunoassay for the detection of virus-specific IgA antibodies in saliva
Friedman, M. G. (1982) · Journal of Immunological Methods · doi:10.1016/0022-1759(82)90061-8 · Cited by 30
Investigation of an outbreak of hepatitis A simplified by salivary antibody testing
Bull, A. R., Kimmance, K. J., Parry, J. V., & Perry, K. R. (1989) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s0950268800030715 · Cited by 30
Mucosal Immunity
Bienenstock, J., Befus, A. D., & McDermott, M. R. (1981) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-8331-1_2 · Cited by 30
Ion and Water Transport Mechanisms in Salivary Glands
Turner, R. J., Paulais, M., Manganel, M., Lee, S. I., Moran, A., & Melvin, J. E. (1993) · Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine · doi:10.1177/10454411930040031801 · Cited by 29
Prostaglandins E2 and E2 alpha are elevated in saliva of cystic fibrosis patients.
Rigas, B., Korenberg, J. R., Merrill, W. W., & Levine, L. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 28
Signaling Mechanisms That Regulate Saliva Formation
Baum, B. J., Dai, Y., Hiramatsu, Y., Horn, V. J., & Ambudkar, I. S. (1993) · Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine · doi:10.1177/10454411930040031701 · Cited by 27
Salivary Monitoring in Oral Diseases
Fox, P. C. (1993) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18356.x · Cited by 27
Evaluation of Salivary Antibodies to Detect Infection with Helicobacter pylori
Loeb, M. B., Riddell, R. H., James, C., Hunt, R. H., & Smaill, F. (1997) · Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1155/1997/294081 · Cited by 26
Salivary drug monitoring of irinotecan and its active metabolite in cancer patients
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Whole saliva and the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome: an evaluation of patients who complain of dry mouth and dry eyes. Part 1: Screening tests
Sreebny, L. M., & Zhu, W. X. (1996) · Gerodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1996.tb00148.x · Cited by 26
Fluconazole and Amphotericin B Antifungal Therapies Do Not Negate the Protective Effect of Endogenous Tumor Necrosis Factor in a Murine Model of Fatal Disseminated Candidiasis
Louie, A., Baltch, A. L., Smith, R. P., Franke, M. A., Ritz, W. J., Singh, J. K., & Gordon, M. A. (1995) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/171.2.406 · Cited by 26
Salivary sampling for hepatitis B surface antigen carriage: a sensitive technique suitable for epidemiological studies
Chaita, T. M., Graham, S. M., Maxwell, S. M., Siriwasin, W., Sabchareon, A., & Beeching, N. J. (1995) · Annals of Tropical Paediatrics · doi:10.1080/02724936.1995.11747761 · Cited by 26
Mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and caries prevalence in 15 to 16-year olds in Göteborg. Part II.
Köhler, B., & Bjarnason, S. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 25
Chronic liver disease and hepatitis C virus in Egyptian patients.
El-Medany, O. M., Wahab, K. S. E.-D. A., Shady, E., & Gad el-Hak, N. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 25
Salivary and serum antibodies to gliadin in the diagnosis of celiac disease
AI‐Bayaty, H. F., AIdred, M. J., Walker, D. M., Newcombe, R. G., Swift, G., Smith, P. M., & Ciclitira, P. J. (1989) · Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1989.tb01556.x · Cited by 25
Lipid composition and viscosity of parotid saliva in Sjögren syndrome in man
Slomiany, B. L., Kosmala, M., Nadziejko, C. E., Murty, V. L. N., Gwoździński, K., Slomiany, A., & Mandel, I. D. (1986) · Archives of Oral Biology · doi:10.1016/0003-9969(86)90100-7 · Cited by 25
Salivary lithium concentration—A tool for monitoring psychiatric patients
Ben‐Aryeh, H., Naon, H., Szargel, R., Gutman, D., & Hefetz, A. (1980) · Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology · doi:10.1016/0030-4220(80)90198-x · Cited by 25
Criteria for the salivary component of Sjögren's syndrome. A review.
Schiødt, M., & Thorn, J. J. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 24
Alcohol screening with the Alcoscan test strip in forensic praxis
Penttilä, A., Karhunen, P. J., & Pikkarainen, J. (1990) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/0379-0738(90)90165-u · Cited by 24
Diagnostic significance of salivary levels ofβ2-microglobulin in Sjögren's syndrome
Swaak, A. J. G., Visch, L., & van Zonneveld, A. J. (1988) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/bf02284053 · Cited by 24
Shigella-specific IgA in saliva of children with bacillary dysentery
Schultsz, C., Qadri, F., Hossain, S. A., Ahmed, F., & Ciznar, I. (1992) · FEMS Microbiology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb04972.x · Cited by 23
Chemical analysis of whole saliva in Sjögren's syndrome.
Nahir, A. M., Szargel, R., Scharf, J., Ben‐Aryeh, H., Laufer, D., & Scharf, Y. (1987) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.46.9.654 · Cited by 23
Salivary and plasma insulin levels in man.
Fekete, Z., Korec, R., Feketeová, E., Murty, V. L. N., Piotrowski, J., Slomiany, A., & Slomiany, B. L. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 22
Salivary eicosanoid concentration in patients with Sjögren's syndrome.
Tishler, M., Yaron, I., Raz, A., Meyer, F. A., & Yaron, M. (1996) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.55.3.202 · Cited by 21
Radioimmunoassay of salivary cyclosporine with use of 125I-labeled cyclosporine.
Coates, J. E., Lam, S. F., & McGaw, W. T. (1988) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/34.8.1545 · Cited by 20
Salivary unconjugated estriol levels in normal third trimester pregnancy — Direct correlation with serum levels
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The Monitoring of Saliva Drug Levels: Psychiatric Applications
el‐Guebaly, N., Davidson, W. J., Sures, H. A., & Griffin, W. (1981) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674378102600109 · Cited by 20
Saliva cortisol: a good indicator for acceleration stress.
Tarui, H., & Nakamura, A. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 20
Monitoring Carboplatin Concentrations in Saliva
van Warmerdam, L. J. C., van Tellingen, O., Huinink, W. W. T. B., Rodenhuis, S., Maes, R. A. A., & Beijnen, J. H. (1995) · Therapeutic Drug Monitoring · doi:10.1097/00007691-199510000-00006 · Cited by 19
A Sensitive Direct Enzyme Immunoassay for Cortisol in Plasma and Saliva1)
Hubl, W., Taubert, H., Freymann, E., Meissner, D., Stahl, F., & Dörner, G. (2009) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/s-0029-1210367 · Cited by 18
Pathophysiology of Cystic Fibrosis with Emphasis on Salivary Gland Involvement
Davis, P. B. (1987) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/00220345870660s210 · Cited by 18
Saliva for monitoring of patients with primary affective disorders.
Ben‐Aryeh, H., Laor, R., Szargel, R., Gutman, D., Naon, H., Pascal, M., & Hefetz, A. (1984) · PubMed · Cited by 18
Salivary cortisol response to a 30 mn submaximal test adjusted to a constant heart rate.
Lac, G., Pantelidis, D., & Robert, A. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 18
Effect of acceleration stress on salivary cortisol and plasma cortisol and testosterone levels in cadet pilots.
Obmiński, Z., Wojtkowiak, M., STUPNICKI, R., Golec, L., & Hackney, A. C. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 17
Salivary immunoreactive insulin: a new entry in clinical chemistry?
Marchetti, P., Grossi, C., GIANNARELLI, R., Masoni, A., Cristofani, R., Giannecchini, M., & Navales, R. (1988) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/34.7.1478 · Cited by 17
Diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia by detection of antigen in saliva
Krook, A. L., Fredlund, H., & Holmberg, H. (1986) · European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1007/bf02013288 · Cited by 16
Salivary oestradiol and progesterone levels in premenopausal women with breast cancer
Wang, D. Y., Fantl, V., Habibollahi, F., Clark, G. M. G., Fentiman, I., Hayward, J. L., & Bulbrook, R. D. (1986) · European Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1016/0277-5379(86)90108-2 · Cited by 16
Development and application of a direct radioimmunoassay for aldosterone in saliva
Atherden, S. M., Corrie, J. E. T., Jones, D. B., Al‐Dujaili, E. A. S., & Edwards, C. R. W. (1985) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/0039-128x(85)90033-9 · Cited by 15
The relation between saliva estriol levels in pregnancy and infant birth weight
Lechner, W., Heim, K., Zech, J., Daxenbichler, G., & Marth, C. (1987) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/bf00931435 · Cited by 14
Salivary and serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor in primary Sjögren’s syndrome
Tishler, M., Yaron, I., Shirazi, I., Levartovsky, D., & Yaron, M. (1999) · Archives of Oral Biology · doi:10.1016/s0003-9969(98)00114-9 · Cited by 14
Salivary testing for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in children born to infected mothers in Sao Paulo, Brazil
Tess, B. H., Granato, C. F. H., Parry, J. V., dos Santos, V. A., LAGO, T. G., Newell, M., Dunn, D. T., & Rodrigues, L. C. (1996) · The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal · doi:10.1097/00006454-199609000-00010 · Cited by 14
Salivary Theophylline Monitoring
Kirk, J. K., Dupuis, R. E., Miles, M. V., Gaddy, G. D., sari, J. R. M.-M., & Williams, D. M. (1994) · Therapeutic Drug Monitoring · doi:10.1097/00007691-199402000-00010 · Cited by 13
Salivary and serum IgA antigliadin antibodies in dermatitis herpetiformis
Patinen, P., Björkstén, F., Malmström, M., Savilahrtl, E., & Reunala, T. L. (1995) · European Journal Of Oral Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1995.tb00027.x · Cited by 13
Salivary antiepileptic drug levels in Thai children.
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Authors: Kaufman, E., & Lamster, I. B.
Affiliations: Columbia University (US)
ORCID: Lamster, Ira B.
Venue: Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2002-03
Volume: 13
Issue: 2
Pages: 197-212
ISSN: 1045-4411 (ISSN-L)
1544-1113
DOI: 10.1177/154411130201300209
OpenAlex: W2084107384
Cited by: 887
References: 212
Citations by year: 2026: 39 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 55
FWCI: 0.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Medical Laboratory Technology › Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control
Health Sciences › Dentistry › General Dentistry › HIV/AIDS oral health manifestations
Keywords: saliva diagnostics, whole saliva, non-invasive biomarkers, systemic disease diagnosis, salivary gland pathology, autoimmune disease, genetic disorders, cancer, infectious diseases, endocrine disorders, therapeutic drug monitoring, mass screening
MeSH terms: Animals, Autoimmune Diseases, Communicable Diseases, Hormones, Humans, Mouth Diseases, Saliva, Biomarkers, Drug Monitoring, Clinical Chemistry Tests, Genetic Diseases, Inborn

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

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T he D iagnostic A pplications of S aliva — A R eview

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