Dietary interventions to treat type 2 diabetes in adults with a goal of remission: an expert consensus statement from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine
Open accessAbstract
Objective: The objective of this Expert Consensus Statement is to assist clinicians in achieving remission of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adults using diet as a primary intervention. Evidence-informed statements agreed upon by a multi-disciplinary panel of expert healthcare professionals were used. Methods: Panel members with expertise in diabetes treatment, research, and remission followed an established methodology for developing consensus statements using a modified Delphi process. A search strategist systematically reviewed the literature, and the best available evidence was used to compose statements regarding dietary interventions in adults 18 years and older diagnosed with T2D. Topics with significant practice variation and those that would result in remission of T2D were prioritized. Using an iterative, online process, panel members expressed levels of agreement with the statements, resulting in classification as consensus, near-consensus, or non-consensus based on mean responses and the number of outliers. Results: The expert panel identified 131 candidate consensus statements that focused on addressing the following high-yield topics: (1) definitions and basic concepts; (2) diet and remission of T2D; (3) dietary specifics and types of diets; (4) adjuvant and alternative interventions; (5) support, monitoring, and adherence to therapy; (6) weight loss; and (7) payment and policy. After 4 iterations of the Delphi survey and removal of duplicative statements, 69 statements met the criteria for consensus, 5 were designated as near consensus, and 60 were designated as no consensus. In addition, the consensus was reached on the following key issues: (a) Remission of T2D should be defined as HbA1c <6.5% for at least 3 months with no surgery, devices, or active pharmacologic therapy for the specific purpose of lowering blood glucose; (b) diet as a primary intervention for T2D can achieve remission in many adults with T2D and is related to the intensity of the intervention; and (c) diet as a primary intervention for T2D is most effective in achieving remission when emphasizing whole, plant-based foods with minimal consumption of meat and other animal products. Many additional statements that achieved consensus are highlighted in a tabular presentation in the manuscript and elaborated upon in the discussion section. Conclusion: Expert consensus was achieved for 69 statements pertaining to diet and remission of T2D, dietary specifics and types of diets, adjuvant and alternative interventions, support, monitoring, adherence to therapy, weight loss, and payment and policy. Clinicians can use these statements to improve quality of care, inform policy and protocols, and identify areas of uncertainty.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
These findings support both the ACLM's dietary position statement and its recent expert consensus statement that the most effective dietary intervention for achieving T2D remission is whole, plant-based foods with minimal consumption of meat and other animal products.
“These findings support both the ACLM’s dietary position statement [23] and its recent expert consensus statement that the most effective dietary intervention for achieving T2D remission is whole, plant-based foods with minimal consumption of meat and other animal products [60].”
Cites
Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews.
Ouzzani, M., Hammady, H., Fedorowicz, Z., & Elmagarmid, A. (2016) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4 · Cited by 26,092 · see citing works
Afshin, A., Sur, P. J., Fay, K. A., Cornaby, L., Ferrara, G., Salama, J. S., Mullany, E. C., Abate, K. H., Abbafati, C., Abebe, Z., et al. (2019) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30041-8 · Cited by 5,811 · see citing works
2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: <i>Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2021</i>
American Diabetes Association (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-s002 · Cited by 3,116 · see citing works
Economic Costs of Diabetes in the U.S. in 2017
American Diabetes Association (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci18-0007 · Cited by 2,528 · see citing works
Lean, M. E., Leslie, W. S., Barnes, A. C., Brosnahan, N., Thom, G., McCombie, L., Peters, C., Zhyzhneuskaya, S., Al-Mrabeh, A., Hollingsworth, K. G., et al. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)33102-1 · Cited by 2,095 · see citing works
2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Arnett, D. K., Blumenthal, R. S., Albert, M. A., Buroker, A. B., Goldberger, Z. D., Hahn, E. J., Himmelfarb, C. D., Khera, A., Lloyd-Jones, D., McEvoy, J. W., et al. (2019) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2019.03.010 · Cited by 1,896 · see citing works
Social determinants of health and diabetes: A scientific review
Hill-Briggs, F., Adler, N. E., Berkowitz, S. A., Chin, M. H., Gary-Webb, T. L., Navas-Acien, A., Thornton, P. L., & Haire-Joshu, D. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci20-0053 · Cited by 1,732 · see citing works
Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report
Evert, A. B., Dennison, M., Gardner, C. D., Garvey, W. T., Lau, K. H. K., MacLeod, J., Mitri, J., Pereira, R. F., Rawlings, K., Robinson, S., et al. (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci19-0014 · Cited by 1,496 · see citing works
Prevention and management of type 2 diabetes: dietary components and nutritional strategies
Ley, S. H., Hamdy, O., Mohan, V., & Hu, F. B. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60613-9 · Cited by 1,301 · see citing works
Lim, E. L., Hollingsworth, K. G., Aribisala, B. S., Chen, M. J., Mathers, J. C., & Taylor, R. (2011) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-011-2204-7 · Cited by 1,164 · see citing works
How do we define cure of diabetes?
Buse, J. B., Caprio, S., Cefalu, W. T., Ceriello, A., Del Prato, S., Inzucchi, S. E., McLaughlin, S., Phillips, G. L., Robertson, R. P., Rubino, F., et al. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-9036 · Cited by 1,003 · see citing works
Lean, M. E. J., Leslie, W. S., Barnes, A. C., Brosnahan, N., Thom, G., McCombie, L., Peters, C., Zhyzhneuskaya, S., Al-Mrabeh, A., Hollingsworth, K. G., et al. (2019) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(19)30068-3 · Cited by 981 · see citing works
Epidemiology of Obesity and Diabetes and Their Cardiovascular Complications
Bhupathiraju, S. N., & Hu, F. B. (2016) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.115.306825 · Cited by 951 · see citing works
Weight Loss and Improvement in Comorbidity: Differences at 5%, 10%, 15%, and Over
Ryan, D. H., & Yockey, S. R. (2017) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-017-0262-y · Cited by 831 · see citing works
Type 2 diabetes in adolescents and young adults
Lascar, N., Brown, J., Pattison, H., Barnett, A. H., Bailey, C. J., & Bellary, S. (2018) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30186-9 · Cited by 824 · see citing works
Type of vegetarian diet, body weight, and prevalence of type 2 diabetes
Tonstad, S., Butler, T., Yan, R., & Fraser, G. E. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-1886 · Cited by 641 · see citing works
Garber, A. J., Handelsman, Y., Grunberger, G., Einhorn, D., Abrahamson, M. J., Barzilay, J. I., Blonde, L., Bush, M. A., DeFronzo, R. A., Garber, J. R., et al. (2020) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/cs-2019-0472 · Cited by 598 · see citing works
Trends in Prevalence of Diabetes and Control of Risk Factors in Diabetes Among US Adults, 1999-2018
Wang, L., Li, X., Wang, Z., Bancks, M. P., Carnethon, M. R., Greenland, P., Feng, Y., Wang, H., & Zhong, V. W. (2021) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.9883 · Cited by 587 · see citing works
Treatment of Diabetes in Older Adults: An Endocrine Society* Clinical Practice Guideline
LeRoith, D., Biessels, G. J., Braithwaite, S. S., Casanueva, F. F., Draznin, B., Halter, J. B., Hirsch, I. B., McDonnell, M. E., Molitch, M. E., Murad, M. H., et al. (2019) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2019-00198 · Cited by 586 · see citing works
Chen, X., Zhang, Z., Yang, H., Qiu, P., Wang, H., Wang, F., Zhao, Q., Fang, J. Q., & Nie, J. (2020) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-020-00604-1 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes by Lifestyle Changes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Uusitupa, M. I. J., Khan, T. A., Viguiliouk, E., Kahleová, H., Rivellese, A. A., Hermansen, K., Pfeiffer, A. F. H., Thanopoulou, A. C., Salas‐Salvadó, J., Schwab, U., et al. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11112611 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Diet and exercise in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Magkos, F., Hjorth, M. F., & Astrup, A. V. (2020) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-020-0381-5 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Consensus report: definition and interpretation of remission in type 2 diabetes
Riddle, M. C., Cefalu, W. T., Evans, P. H., Gerstein, H. C., Nauck, M. A., Oh, W. K., Rothberg, A. E., le Roux, C. W., Rubino, F., Schauer, P., et al. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci21-0034 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Self-citationDyson, P. A., Twenefour, D., Breen, C., Duncan, A., Elvin, E., Goff, L., Hill, A., Kalsi, P., Marsland, N., McArdle, P., et al. (2018) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.13603 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Gujral, U. P., Pradeepa, R., Weber, M. B., Narayan, K. M. V., & Mohan, V. (2013) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06838.x · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Taheri, S., Zaghloul, H., Chagoury, O., Elhadad, S., Ahmed, S. H., El Khatib, N., Amona, R. A., El Nahas, K., Suleiman, N., Alnaama, A., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(20)30117-0 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Franz, M. J., MacLeod, J., Evert, A., Brown, C., Gradwell, E., Handu, D., Reppert, A., & Robinson, M. (2017) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2017.03.022 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Athinarayanan, S. J., Adams, R. N., Hallberg, S. J., McKenzie, A. L., Bhanpuri, N. H., Campbell, W. W., Volek, J. S., Phinney, S. D., & McCarter, J. P. (2019) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00348 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
American Diabetes Association (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-s005 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Norris, S. L., Zhang, X., Avenell, A., Gregg, E., Bowman, B., Serdula, M., Brown, T. J., Schmid, C. H., & Lau, J. (2004) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.05.024 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Pharmacologic Glycemic Management of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults
Lipscombe, L. L., Booth, G. L., Butalia, S., Dasgupta, K., Eurich, D. T., Goldenberg, R., Khan, N., MacCallum, L., Shah, B. R., & Simpson, S. H. (2018) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.10.034 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Effects of diet versus gastric bypass on metabolic function in diabetes
Yoshino, M., Kayser, B. D., Yoshino, J., Stein, R. I., Reeds, D., Eagon, J. C., Eckhouse, S. R., Watrous, J. D., Jain, M., Knight, R., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2003697 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Hall, K. D., Guo, J., Courville, A. B., Boring, J., Brychta, R., Chen, K. Y., Darcey, V., Forde, C. G., Gharib, A. M., Gallagher, I., et al. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-01209-1 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Ultra-processed food consumption and type 2 diabetes incidence: A prospective cohort study
Levy, R. B., Rauber, F., Chang, K., Louzada, M. L. D. C., Monteiro, C. A., Millett, C. J., & Vamos, E. P. (2020) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.018 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Changes in Plant-Based Diet Quality and Total and Cause-Specific Mortality
Baden, M. Y., Liu, G., Satija, A., Li, Y., Sun, Q., Fung, T. T., Rimm, E. B., Willett, W. C., Hu, F. B., & Bhupathiraju, S. N. (2019) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.119.041014 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Vang, A., Singh, P. N., Lee, J. W., Haddad, E. H., & Brinegar, C. H. (2008) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000121365 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Barnard, N. D., Scialli, A. R., Turner‐McGrievy, G. M., Lanou, A. J., & Glass, J. (2005) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.03.039 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
3. Prevention or Delay of Type 2 Diabetes:Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2021
American Diabetes Association (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-s003 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Kahleova, H., Petersen, K. F., Shulman, G. I., Alwarith, J., Rembert, E., Tura, A., Hill, M., Holubkov, R., & Barnard, N. D. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25454 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Briggs Early, K., & Stanley, K. (2018) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2017.11.021 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Bain, K. T., Holmes, H. M., Beers, M. H., Maio, V., Handler, S. M., & Pauker, S. G. (2008) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01916.x · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Papamichou, D., Panagiotakos, D. B., & Itsiopoulos, C. (2019) · Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2019.02.004 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
The Look AHEAD Trial: a review and discussion of its outcomes
Pi-Sunyer, X. (2014) · Current Nutrition Reports · doi:10.1007/s13668-014-0099-x · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Weight Regain After Bariatric Surgery: Prevalence, Etiology, and Treatment
Velapati, S. R., Shah, M., Kuchkuntla, A. R., Dayyeh, B. A., Grothe, K. B., Hurt, R. T., & Mundi, M. S. (2018) · Current Nutrition Reports · doi:10.1007/s13668-018-0243-0 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Pellegrini, M., Cioffi, I., Evangelista, A., Ponzo, V., Goitre, I., Ciccone, G., Ghigo, E., & Bo, S. (2020) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-019-09524-w · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Dietary energy density: Applying behavioural science to weight management
Rolls, B. J. (2017) · Nutrition Bulletin · doi:10.1111/nbu.12280 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Schwingshackl, L., Chaimani, A., Schwedhelm, C., Toledo, E., Pünsch, M., HOFFMANN, G. E., & Boeing, H. (2018) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2018.1463967 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Swinburn, B. A., Boyce, V., Bergman, R. N., Howard, B. V., & Bogardus, C. (1991) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-73-1-156 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Gillett, M., Royle, P., Snaith, A., Scotland, G., Poobalan, A. S., Imamura, M., Black, C., Boroujerdi, M. A., Jick, S. S., Wyness, L., et al. (2012) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta16330 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Steven, S., & Taylor, R. (2015) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.12722 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Rapid improvement in diabetes after gastric bypass surgery
Lingvay, I., Guth, E., Islam, A., & Livingston, E. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-2316 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Vegetarian Diets and the Risk of Diabetes
Olfert, M. D., & Wattick, R. A. (2018) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-018-1070-9 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Distinguishing opinion from evidence in guidelines
Schünemann, H. J., Zhang, Y., & Oxman, A. D. (2019) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.l4606 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Kelly, J. H., Karlsen, M. C., & Steinke, G. (2020) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827620930962 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationMacLeod, J., Franz, M. J., Handu, D., Gradwell, E., Brown, C., Evert, A. B., Reppert, A., & Robinson, M. (2017) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2017.03.023 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Grandl, G., Straub, L., Rudigier, C., Arnold, M., Wueest, S., Konrad, D., & Wolfrum, C. (2018) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp275173 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Meat Consumption as a Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes
Barnard, N. D., Levin, S., & Trapp, C. (2014) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu6020897 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Møller, G., Andersen, H. K., & Snorgaard, O. (2017) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.139626 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Nagi, D. K., Hambling, C. E., & Taylor, R. (2019) · British Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.15277/bjd.2019.221 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Salas‐Salvadó, J., Becerra‐Tomás, N., Papandreou, C., & Bulló, M. (2018) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmy102 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Numao, S., Kawano, H., Endo, N., Yamada, Y., Konishi, M., Takahashi, M., & Sakamoto, S. (2012) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2012.58 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Calorie restriction for long-term remission of type 2 diabetes
Taylor, R. (2019) · Clinical Medicine · doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.19-1-37 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Rinaldi, S., Campbell, E. E., Fournier, J., O'Connor, C., & Madill, J. (2016) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.02.011 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Alkerwi, A., Sauvageot, N., Malan, L., Shivappa, N., & Hébert, J. R. (2015) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu7042823 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Meat and fish intake and type 2 diabetes: Dose–response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Yang, X., Li, Y., Wang, C., Mao, Z., Zhou, W., Zhang, L., Fan, M., Cui, S., & Li, L. (2020) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2020.03.004 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Population response to information on reversibility of Type 2 diabetes
Steven, S., Lim, E. L., & Taylor, R. (2013) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.12116 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Pehleman, T. L., Peters, S. J., Heigenhauser, G. J. F., & Spriet, L. L. (2004) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00686.2004 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Carbohydrates, insulin, and obesity
Speakman, J. R., & Hall, K. D. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aav0448 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Kant, A. K., & Miner, P. (2007) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2006-1116 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Gutierrez‐Mariscal, F. M., Cardelo, M. P., de la Cruz, S., Alcala‐Diaz, J. F., Roncero‐Ramos, I., Guler, I., Vals‐Delgado, C., López‐Moreno, A., Luque, R. M., Delgado‐Lista, J., et al. (2021) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201901290 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Steven, S., Carey, P. E., Small, P. K., & Taylor, R. (2015) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.12567 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Assessment of satiety depends on the energy density and portion size of the test meal
Williams, R. A., Roe, L. S., & Rolls, B. J. (2013) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20589 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Navarro, J. C. A., Antoniazzi, L., Oki, A. M., Bonfim, M. C., Costa‐Hong, V., Acosta-Cardenas, P., Strunz, C. M. C., Brunoro, E., Miname, M. H., Filho, W. S., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.12.058 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Umphonsathien, M., Prutanopajai, P., Aiam‐O‐Ran, J., Thararoop, T., Karin, A., Kanjanapha, C., Jiamjarasrangsi, W., & Khovidhunkit, W. (2019) · Food Science & Nutrition · doi:10.1002/fsn3.956 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Defining remission of type 2 diabetes in research studies: A systematic scoping review
Captieux, M., Prigge, R., Wild, S. H., & Guthrie, B. (2020) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003396 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Comparison of three methods to reduce energy density. Effects on daily energy intake
Williams, R. A., Roe, L. S., & Rolls, B. J. (2013) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2013.03.004 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Lack of Evidence to Guide Deprescribing of Antihyperglycemics: A Systematic Review
Black, C. D., Thompson, W., Welch, V. A., McCarthy, L. M., Rojas‐Fernandez, C. H., Lochnan, H. A., Shamji, S., Upshur, R. E. G., & Farrell, B. J. (2016) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-016-0220-9 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Sarathi, V., Kolly, A., Chaithanya, H. B., & Dwarakanath, C. S. (2017) · Journal of Natural Science Biology and Medicine · doi:10.4103/0976-9668.198343 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Reconciliation of Type 2 Diabetes Remission Rates in Studies of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Isaman, D. J. M., Rothberg, A. E., & Herman, W. H. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-0954 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationRussel, S. M., Valle, V., Spagni, G., Hamilton, S., Patel, T., Abdukadyrov, N., Dong, Y., & Gangemi, A. (2020) · Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11605-019-04508-2 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Dietary habits contribute to define the risk of type 2 diabetes in humans
Adeva‐Andany, M. M., Rañal-Muíño, E., Vila-Altesor, M., Fernández‐Fernández, C., Funcasta-Calderón, R., & Castro-Quintela, E. (2019) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.08.002 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Physician Advice on Exercise and Diet in a U.S. Sample of Obese Mexican-American Adults
Nguyen, H., Markides, K. S., & Winkleby, M. A. (2011) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/ajhp.090918-quan-305 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
A Look at the Low-Carbohydrate Diet
Smith, S. R. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcibr0908756 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Huang, Y., Zheng, Q., Yang, H., Fu, X., Zhang, X., Xia, C., Zhu, Z., Liu, Y., & Liu, W. J. (2020) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2020/4851671 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Provider Counseling and Weight Loss Outcomes in a Primary Care-Based Digital Obesity Treatment
McVay, M. A., Steinberg, D., Askew, S., & Bennett, G. G. (2019) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-019-04944-5 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Health professionals’ and researchers’ opinions on conducting clinical deprescribing trials
Clough, A. J., Hilmer, S. N., O’Donnell, L. K., Naismith, S. L., & Gnjidic, D. (2019) · Pharmacology Research & Perspectives · doi:10.1002/prp2.476 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Adding more fat to a high‐fat diet only exacerbates hepatic insulin resistance
Medak, K. D., & Townsend, L. K. (2019) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp277632 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Evolving Nutritional Therapy for Diabetes Mellitus
Uusitupa, M. I. J., & Schwab, U. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12020423 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Zhang, J., Tan, S., Zhao, A., et al. (2018) · Nutrition & Dietetics · doi:10.1111/1747-0080.12480 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D., Johnson, E. L., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc23-s005 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Cara, K. C., Goldman, D. M., Kollman, B. K., Amato, S. S., Tull, M. D., & Karlsen, M. C. (2023) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2023.03.007 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Rosenfeld, R. M., Kelly, J. H., Agarwal, M., Aspry, K., Barnett, T., Davis, B. C., Fields, D., Gaillard, T., Gulati, M., Guthrie, G. E., Moore, D. J., Panigrahi, G., Rothberg, A., Sannidhi, D. V., Weatherspoon, L., Pauly, K., & Karlsen, M. C.
- Affiliations
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University (US)
- Loma Linda University (US)
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- Lifespan (US)
- Rochester Lifestyle Medicine Institute, Rochester, NY, USA (TB)
- American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO, USA (BCD, KP, MCK)
- Cummins (United States) (US)
- Florida International University (US)
- Middlesex Hospital (US)
- AdventHealth Orlando (US)
- VCU Health, Richmond, VA, USA, USA (DJM)
- Sentara Cardiology Specialists, Virginia Beach, VA, USA (GP)
- University of Michigan (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Michigan State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Karlsen, Micaela C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2022-05
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 342-362
- ISSN
- 1559-8276 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-8284
- PMC
- PMC9189586
- OpenAlex
- W4280639616
- Semantic Scholar
- 25700234ca8b64faa1055dc363fb0bbbf5a7cdad
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 5
- FWCI
- 11.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK020572)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, diabetes remission, dietary intervention, plant-based diet, whole foods, weight loss, medication adherence, HbA1c, lifestyle medicine, diabetes management guidelines, expert consensus recommendations, Delphi consensus
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
