The Look AHEAD Trial: a review and discussion of its outcomes
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The LookAhead trial was a randomized controlled trial comparing an Intensive Lifestyle Intervention (ILI) to a Diabetes Support and Education (DSE) in overweight and obese type 2 diabetes patients to track the development of cardiovascular disease over time. The triaI intervention was stopped for futility after a median follow-up of 9.6 years. While there was a differential effect on weight loss and fitness between the two groups, there was no effect on cardiovascular outcomes. Cardiovascular events were less than half the projected rate per year in the DSE group: thus there was a very low over-all rate of events in both groups. There were many other health benefits of ILI, including improved biomarkers of glucose and lipid control, less sleep apnea, lower liver fat, less depression, improved insulin sensitivity, less urinary incontinence, less kidney disease, reduced need of diabetes medications, maintenance of physical mobility, improved quality of life and lower costs.
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In the Look AHEAD trial, the intensive lifestyle intervention group achieved significantly greater improvements in CRF, blood glucose control, weight loss, blood pressure, and quality of life.
“The intensive lifestyle intervention group, which included dietary modification and unsupervised exercise, achieved significantly greater improvements in CRF, blood glucose control, weight loss, blood pressure, and quality of life (QOL) [108] .”
From Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations (2022) · cites this paper as [108]
Large-scale studies such as LOOK-AHEAD and PREDIMED established that individuals have different responses and outcomes to dietary interventions based on individual and genetic characteristics.
“Large-scale studies such as LOOK-AHEAD226 and PREDIMED227 established that individuals have different responses and outcomes to dietary interventions based on individual and genetic characteristics.”
From Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: a clinical overview (2024) · cites this paper as [226]
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- Authors
- Pi-Sunyer, X.
- Venue
- Current Nutrition Reports
- Published
- 2014-09-28
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 387-391
- ISSN
- 2161-3311 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4339027
- OpenAlex
- W2077801798
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6
- FWCI
- 5.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Current Nutrition Reports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01DK057178)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Keywords
- Look AHEAD trial, intensive lifestyle intervention, type 2 diabetes, obesity, overweight, diabetes support and education, cardiovascular disease, weight loss, physical fitness, sleep apnea, liver fat, insulin sensitivity, kidney disease, depression, urinary incontinence, quality of life, cost-effectiveness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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