Emotion Elicits the Social Sharing of Emotion: Theory and Empirical Review

“Emotional experiences usually motivate one to tell others about them (Rimé, 2009).”

“Previous research has that we are wired to share our emotions with others [11, 59, 75, 77].”

“La deuxième, au contraire, considère que l’individu « fonctionne » bien parce qu’il évolue au sein d’un environnement qui le soutient (Rimé, 2009).”

“Emotional regulation has been associated with both solitary remembering and social sharing (e.g., Pasupathi, 2003; Rimé, 2009).”

“, Bayer, Sommer, & Schacht, 2012) and a higher level of activation (Berger, 2011; Heath, 1996; Rime, 2009), which in turn elicits reactions such as information sharing (Berger, 2011; Berger & Milkman, 2012).”

“The psychological necessities induced by emotional dissonance According to Rimé (2009), dissonance appears when goal-reaching is slowed down or blocked.”

“People seek out others with whom to share their emotions as a way to arouse empathy or to obtain social attention (Rimé, 2009).”

“When facing negative situations, people can have problem-oriented goals (i.e., seeking cognitive clarity and help with the problem) and emotion-oriented goals (i.e., seeking emotional comfort and validation; Rimé, 2009).”

“It seems likely that narrative derived from conversation (Bortolussi & Dixon, 2003; Oatley, 2004), as people shared anecdotes with each other, perhaps especially about events of emotional significance (Rimé, 2009).”

“, via helplines) with the goal to alter one’s affective state (Rime, 2009), or to dampen stress (Uchino and Garvey, 1997).”

“…provides the emotional support for post-earthquake adolescents to rethink themselves, others, and the world (Zhou, Wu, & Zhen, 2017), which helps to promote individual relationships with others and makes the adolescents more willing to engage in emotional communication with others (Rimé, 2009).”

“…can support emotional well-being via the ability to provide and receive support and improve mood and offer a comfortable setting for concealment, sharing feelings, and regulation of emotions [3], [4], [5], [48], [49], [50], and can have a positive impact on mental and physical health [51].”

“Consistent with the theory of social sharing, this rumination, in turn, prompts individuals to share their distress with others (Rimé, 2009).”

“…[68] to illustrate the vicarious experiences of those who were exposed indirectly to verbally aggressive acts at work; the Social Sharing Theory [69] to explain how conversations on negative interactions can buffer the relationship between customer incivility and employees’ negative affect;…”

“Rime (2009) also argues that customers who feel stressed by a firm or experience a negative situation may perceive this as an emotional violation overall, which leads to the effort to share these emotions with others (Rime, 2009).”

“Although no significant differences are found for the rate of social sharing across European, Asian, and North American samples (Rimé, 2009; Singh-Manoux & Finkenauer, 2001) found that cultural background was reflected in the social sharing patterns of English and Indian populations.”

“People regularly choose to discuss their own traits, preferences, and emotions with others; and doing so activates regions associated with reward, such as NAcc (Rimé, 2009; Tamir & Mitchell, 2012).”

“The theory of social sharing of emotion (Rimé, 2009) might be informative in this regard.”

“While the overall probability of sharing emotional experience can be as high as 90% (Rimé, 2009), researchers of SSE also acknowledge that the emotional disclosure only occurs under certain circumstances, wherein the intensity of emotion matters, audience matters, timing matters, and the social norm of the platform ma…”

“Interaction quality: Processing the emotion of others is known to facilitate positive behaviours during social interaction, e.g., helping (Hoffman, 2008), and sharing emotions facilitates affiliation (Rimé, 2009).”

“Experiencing emotions induces a tendency to share them with others, causing them to experience these emotions too (Rimé, 2009), thus giving rise to collective emotions with often profound impacts on society at large (Pellert et al., 2020).”

“Benefits of affective expression through social sharing Rimé (2007, 2009) contends that it is the process of expressing affect to others rather than private venting that influences affective well-being.”

“…is emotionally salient (Berger, 2011; Berger & Milkman, 2012; Luminet, Bouts, Delie, Manstead, & Rimé, 2000), and that they do so in order to regulate the negative affect associated with that information, to boost their own positive affect, or to enhance social bonds (see Rimé, 2009 for a review).”

“Rimé (2009) proposed a twomode theory of social sharing.”

“Our framework also points to hypotheses concerning the robust tendency for emotional experience to be shared, or interdependent (Barsade, 2002; Hess & Fischer, 2014; Rimé, 2009).”

“61 York: McGraw-Hill. Tulving, E. (2002). Episodic memory: From mind to brain. Annual Review of Psychology, 53: 1-25. Vaara, E., Tienari, J., Piekkari, R., & Santti, R (2005). Language and the circuits of power in merging multinational corporation. Journal of Management Studies, 42: 595-623. Verbeke, A. (2010). Intern…”

“Emotion indeed constitutes a major incentive for communication (Rimé, 2009; Rimé et al., 1991), and participants in collective assemblies can thus be expected to express their emotions verbally to one another.”

“…research shows that people are vastly more likely to share their emotional state with socially close, compared to distant, others (for a review, see Rimé, 2009), and it is likely that the interpretation of that emotion by others will similarly depend on the nature of the interpersonal relationship.”

“On one hand, distress disclosure might decrease stress and anxiety through the efects of catharsis [98] and the cognitive reappraisal of the event [104].”

“…or take place within social contexts (e.g. Nawa et al., 2009), may have contextually relevant immediate communicative (signal) functions (e.g. Rimé, 2009) and may regulate as well as be regulated by interpersonal relationships (e.g. Oatley, 2009; Roberts, 2009; Van Kleef, 2009), current…”

“Besides positive work events as an overarching stimulus, collective positive affect may further disseminate through secondary and tertiary emotion sharing (Rimé, 2009).”

“The distinction between the second and third sub-relations is also consistent with the empirically based model of social sharing proposed by Rimé (2009) which provides empirical support for a distinction between a social-emotional mode of sharing (the second sub-relation) and a cognitive mode of…”

“Social sharing of emotion theory posits that emotions can induce a person's desire to seek and share information (Rimé, 2009).”

“Social sharing of emotion was defined as “the voluntary and verbal communication of one specific past emotional episode” [44].”

“Equally, how something is said can be just as important as what is said, and the positive emotions created are catching (see Rimé, 2009).”

“More specifically, emotional experience has been found to elicit the social sharing of emotion in the construction of emotional climates [42, 41], via processes that are likely to involve group identification [59], emotion contagion [75], conformity with group norms [66], and social or group-based regulation of emotio…”

“Following pleasurable events, describing the emotional experience of those events to others also enhances positive affect (Rimé, 2009).”

“Moreover, literature suggests that highly emotional content is more likely to be shared frequently and widely since the audience is more receptive to a message when it arouses affective states (Akpinar & Berger, 2017; Rimé, 2009; Villarroel Ordenes et al., 2017; Xu & Zhang, 2018).”

“This is because when people experience an emotional response to an event, they are highly likely to talk about this event, thereby establishing the mutuality of their emotional reaction with others and, thus, a shared reality [35-38].”

“Sensationalist content often induces emotional reactions (e.g., Grabe, Zhou, and Barnett 2001; Uribe and Gunter 2007), which prompts many users to retweet the content due to the psychological need to share strong feelings with others (e.g., Rimé 2009).”

“In addition, emotion sharing promotes social integration, social bonding, and propagation of social knowledge, thus suggesting the importance and advantages of emotion disclosure on both personal and collective levels [27].”

“To further understand when and why the undirected nature of microblogging drives sharing, Study 3 uses individual differences in social apprehension and manipulates negative affect to activate the (internal) need to share (i.e., we activate the experience of social apprehension, see Rim e, 2009).”

“…instead features expressions of personal feelings and opinions (Berger and Milkman 2012; Derlega et al. 1993), usually shared to build social bonds, though emotional information also can help people regulate their emotions and make sense of their experiences (Peters and Kashima 2007; Rime 2009).”

“that narrating such episodes is also a means of establishing connection with others and is thereby communion-related (Rime, 2009; Rime et al., 2011).”

“Human brains inherit a strong inclination for relationships (Baumeister & Leary, 1995; Rime, 2009) and are designed in such a way to enjoy happiness.”

“People often want to share challenges and emotions with others [61], and many turn to social media to disclose difcult information and gain social support [2].”

“The narrative becomes a device of sharing with others, organizing and reorganizing relationship planes in its different aspects and roles (Rimè, 2009).”

“emotion, sadness, interpersonal, music listening, college students When people experience a strong emotion, they often share it with others (Rimé, 2009).”

“However, regulation of emotion in daily life, even as an adult, typically involves modulating the impact of one's emotions on others (Butler & Gross, 2009; Gross & Thompson, 2007; Rime, 2009), and this is particularly true in the context of parenting.”

“This finding is in line with ongoing research into the social sharing of emotions, which reveals that the mere expression of emotions has no direct ‘healing’ effects (Rimé, 2009; Rimé et al., 2011), and research on post-traumatic stress that challenges the assumption that a single-shot expression of emotions contribut…”

“Human beings innately seek to share emotional experiences in order to make sense of their feelings (see Choi & Toma, 2014; Rimé, 2009; Rimé, Mesquita, Boca, & Philippot, 1991).”

“Herein the social sharing of emotion is a learnable necessity that enables us to transact with others (Rime, 2009), whereby emotions trigger controllable responses that help us to self-regulate (Frijda, 1986) and allow for behavioral norms to over-ride automatic or impulsive emotional reactions…”

“One useful framework for determining why talking to others succeeds versus fails draws from Rimé and colleagues’ research on the social sharing of emotion (Rimé 2009), which indicates that people seek to fulfill two principle needs when conversing with others about their emotions.”

“Rather, social identities are often activated as a spontaneous by-product of social interactions, such as discussing social or emotional events with others (e.g., Peters, Kashima, & Clark, 2008; Rimé, 2009).”

“tinely shared and dissected with close companions, including friends, romantic partners, and family members (Rime, 2009).”

“…punitive, and antagonistic behaviors (e.g., Bougie et al. 2003; Darley and Pittman 2003; Fischer and Roseman 2007; Lemay et al. 2012; Lotz et al. 2011a; Nelissen and Zeelenberg 2009; Pillutla and Murnighan 1996; Rimé 2009; Roseman et al. 1994; Coillie andMechelen 2006; Wetzer et al. 2007).”

“…to successfully respond to social demands that primarily call for the expression of positive feelings and the management of negative emotions, an ability essential for effective social functioning and for establishing intimacy in relationships (Gross & Munoz, 1995; Riggio, 1986; Rimé, 2009).”

“As the authors posited, an explanation for this relationship comes from the theory of social sharing (Rimé, 2009), which states that people want to communicate their emotions openly with others as a way to arouse empathy, to get help and support, to get social attention, or to strengthen social…”

“Social comparison is another cognitive process associated with emotion regulation (Rimé, 2009).”