Cited by 1,546Emotions and Moral BehaviorAttachment and Relationship DynamicsChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

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Emotion Elicits the Social Sharing of Emotion: Theory and Empirical Review

Rimé, Bernard·2009·Emotion Review

DOI 10.1177/1754073908097189

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Abstract

This review demonstrates that an individualist view of emotion and regulation is untenable. First, I question the plausibility of a developmental shift away from social interdependency in emotion regulation. Second, I show that there are multiple reasons for emotional experiences in adults to elicit a process of social sharing of emotion, and I review the supporting evidence. Third, I look at effects that emotion sharing entails at the interpersonal and at the collective levels. Fourth, I examine the contribution of emotional sharing to emotion regulation together with the relevant empirical evidence. Finally, the various functions that the social sharing of emotion fulfills are reviewed and the relevance of the social sharing of emotion for emotion scientists is discussed.

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Background
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Kitetele, F. N., Lelo, G. M., Akele, C. E., Lelo, P. V. M., Mafuta, E. M., Tylleskär, T., & Kashala-Abotnes, E. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9081239 · Cited by 7
“Thus, the social sharing of emotion greatly allows the emergence of demeanors that are characteristic of the relationship of attachment [51].”
Background
Superordinate identities and self-transcendent emotions: Longitudinal study in Spain and Chile
Włodarczyk, A., Méndez, L., Cusi, O., Telletxea, S., Mendia, J., Briceño, M., Delgado, D., Balbontín, F., Lecaros, A., & Páez, D. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.989850 · Cited by 9
“In other words, the experiences that elicit these emotions are intrinsically social and have been described as involving issues of affiliation and social relationships, and evaluations of shared moral virtues, and they allow to elaborate a more complex understanding of others and increase proximity and overcoming obst…”
Background
Collaborative Remembering and Collective Memory
Rajaram, S. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190917982.013.75 · Cited by 7
An Agent-Based Modeling Framework for Online Collective Emotions
García, D., Garas, A., & Schweitzer, F. (2016) · Understanding complex systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43639-5_10 · Cited by 7
“It becomes important when it reaches a threshold Ti, which is assumed to be the precondition for emotional expression (Rimé et al. 1998; Rimé 2009).”
Background
Language, demographics, emotions, and the structure of online social networks
Lerman, K., Marin, L. G., Arora, M., Lima, L. H. C., Ferrara, E., & García, D. (2017) · Journal of Computational Social Science · doi:10.1007/s42001-017-0001-x · Cited by 7
“People connected by strong ties share mutual friends [2], forming cohesive social bonds that are essential for providing emotional and material support [3, 4] and creating resilient communities [5].”
BackgroundResult
You are not alone – Social sharing as a necessary addition to the Embracing factor
Egloff, B. (2017) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x17001662 · Cited by 7
Observed Emotional Expressivity, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among Community Couples
Sullivan, T. J., Leifker, F. R., & Marshall, A. D. (2018) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22296 · Cited by 7
Social Exclusion Shifts Personal Network Scope
Bayer, J., Hauser, D., Shah, K. M., O’Donnell, M. B., & Falk, E. B. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01619 · Cited by 7
“…at a large university in the midwestern United States, which could affect the types of social networks activated since different relationships are more salient across development (Rimé, 2009); for example, family members may be less prominent within college students’ everyday social networks.”
Background
Collective emotional dynamics: Perspectives for marketing
Didry, N., & Giannelloni, J.-L. (2019) · Recherche et Applications en Marketing (English Edition) · doi:10.1177/2051570719887824 · Cited by 7
“Positive emotions thus remain absent from research outside the dyadic framework of the seller–buyer service relationship (e.g. Du et al., 2011; Hennig-Thurau et al., 2006) or the social sharing of passions (Badot and Cova, 2003: 83; Lecoq and Rimé, 2009).”
Background
How South Korean Internet users experienced the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic: discourse on Instagram
Kim, S., Lim, H.-W., & Chung, S.-Y. (2022) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-022-01087-7 · Cited by 9
Promoting intimacy: strategies suggested by the appetitive side
Reis, H. T., de Jong, D. C., Lee, K. Y., O’Keefe, S. D., & Peters, B. J. (2016) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781316212653.002 · Cited by 7
Communal Coping following Relational Transgressions: Perspectives of Third-Party Personal Network Members
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“Third-party network members can provide support, but they can also shoulder stress and negative emotions while helping the transgressed individual (Green, Burnette, & Davis, 2008; Rimé, 2009).”
Background
Self-disclosure during adolescence: Exploring the means, targets and types of personal exchangesPreprint
Vijayakumar, N., & Pfeifer, J. H. (2019) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/7khnz · Cited by 8
Sensemaking Process of Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Identification of Specific Clusters of “Sense of Grip”
Picione, R. D. L., Freda, M. F., Bianco, R., Capelli, F., Fortuna, A., Dioni, B., Fante, C., Raffin, C., Rollo, S., Troisi, G., et al. (2024) · Human Arenas · doi:10.1007/s42087-024-00406-5 · Cited by 8
Patterns and transitions of posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth in trauma‐exposed youth: A latent transition analysis
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Does Diversity Climate Matter? The More Respected I Feel, the Better I Can Do: Unravelling the Mechanisms Enabling Employees’ Extra-Role Performance
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Designing Digital Mental Health Tools to Support the Needs of Black Adults in the United States: Qualitative Analysis
Popowski, S. A., Meyerhoff, J., Allen, O. M., Nguyen, T., McCall, T., Pederson, A. B., Reddy, M. C., Mohr, D. C., & Kornfield, R. (2025) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/73279 · Cited by 7
Impact of content features of digital micro-dramas on active aging: the serial mediation effect of emotional engagement and social connectedness
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“The relationship between these two is supported by the theory of emotional contagion (Barsade, 2002) and the model of emotional social sharing (Rimé, 2009), which indicate that the social sharing of emotional experiences can enhance interpersonal bonds and social support.”
Influential
A systematic review on social constraints in the context of cancer
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“Indeed, humans have a universal tendency to share their emotional experiences, especially when they are experiencing intense and negative emotions (Rimé, 2009).”
Background
Communication within families about advanced pediatric cancer: A qualitative study
Stanek, C. J., Garcia, D., Olsavsky, A. L., Hill, K. N., Himelhoch, A. C., Kenney, A. E., Humphrey, L. H., Olshefski, R. S., Gerhardt, C. A., & Nahata, L. (2022) · Palliative & Supportive Care · doi:10.1017/s1478951522001705 · Cited by 8
Support provision in a digitalized world: The consequences of social sharing across different communication channels
Pauw, L. S. (2023) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101597 · Cited by 6
Do targets of ostracism truthfully communicate their emotional reactions to sources?
Meral, E. O., Ren, D., van Osch, Y., van Dijk, E., & van Beest, I. (2023) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103956 · Cited by 7
Narrating Anger Appropriately: Implications for Narrative Form and Successful Coping
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“Whereas the sharing of troubling personal experiences (e.g., Pauw et al., 2022; Rimé, 2009) and nonverbal listener reactions to narratives (Hess & Bourgeois, 2010) have received some attention in experimental studies, the coping and emotion regulation potential of the means by which sharing is…”
Influential
Empathic Responding for Digital Interpersonal Emotion Regulation via Content Recommendation
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[Retracted] Knowledge Graph Analysis of Digital Emergency Management Research Based on CiteSpace Visualisation: Comparative Analysis of WOS and CNKI Databases
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Retracted
Overall justice and emotion regulation: combining surface acting with unfairness talk for greater satisfaction and less exhaustion
Haynie, J. J., Fuller, B., Martin, C. L., & Story, J. (2023) · Management Decision · doi:10.1108/md-02-2022-0250 · Cited by 6
Daily emotion regulation and emotional well-being: A replication and extension in Egypt
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Can episodic memory deter cheating and promote altruism?
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“(as reviewed by Rimé et al., 1992, Rimé et al., 1998, and Rimé, 2009).”
Poczucie winy jako emocja społeczna. Analiza wybranych nurtów badawczych
Bielecka-Prus, J. (2013) · Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej · doi:10.18778/1733-8069.9.2.05 · Cited by 6
“Należy wziąć pod uwagę fakt, że poczucie winy jest emocją na tyle przykrą, że osoby ją przeżywające niechętnie ją ujawniają w narracjach (Rimé 2009).”
Anomalous experiences and schizotypy: which comes first? The Hermit Crab syndrome hypothesis
Mathijsen, F. P. (2015) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674676.2015.1004627 · Cited by 6
“…& Claridge, 2005), unexpected and disturbing events may represent a sudden challenge to a person’s internal belief system (Janoff-Bulmann, 1989; Rimé, 2009b) and lead to cognitive dissonance (Vaidis & Halimi-Falkowicz, 2007) that shakes the foundations of his/her theoretical and convictional…”
Background
Suffering in Online Interactions
Döveling, K., & Wasgien, K. (2015) · Social indicators research series · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9670-5_24 · Cited by 6
Mediatised Emotions: A Framework for Understanding the Display of Affect in the Network Society
Serrano-Puche, J., & Rojas, L. S. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-24882-6_3 · Cited by 6
Social Sharing of Emotions and Communal Appraisal as Mediators Between the Intensity of Trauma and Social Well-Being in People Affected by the 27F, 2010 Earthquake in the Biobío Region, Chile
Reyes, C., Villagrán, L., Alzugaray, C., Félix Cova, S., & Méndez, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.641793 · Cited by 6
“On the other hand, the social sharing of emotions has been identified as the translation of an emotional experience into a socially shared language (Rimé et al., 1998; Rimé, 2009), which would allow the reconstruction of people’s beliefs through the transmission of shared feelings and which promotes the construction o…”
Background
Suggestive verbalizations in film: on character speech and sensory imagination
Hanich, J. (2022) · New Review of Film and Television Studies · doi:10.1080/17400309.2022.2033067 · Cited by 6
“…against characters (allegiance).17 For example, suggestive verbalizations often include moments that social psychologists call ‘social sharing of emotion’: those who reveal intimate emotional states create a stronger connection with the public and tend to be liked more than others (Rimé 2009, 73).”
Background
Zooming in: Studying Collective Emotions with Interactive Affective Systems
Skowron, M., Rank, S., García, D., & Hołyst, J. A. (2016) · Understanding complex systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43639-5_14 · Cited by 6
REGULACIÓN EMOCIONAL EN JÓVENES DEPORTISTAS ANTE SITUACIONES ADVERSAS EN COMPETICIÓN
Rodríguez, C. G., Sosa-Correa, M., García, A. Z., & Bozal, R. G. (2017) · International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology Revista INFAD de psicología · doi:10.17060/ijodaep.2017.n1.v2.950 · Cited by 6
Conceptual approaches to studying interpersonal emotion dynamics
Randall, A. K., & Schoebi, D. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316822944.003 · Cited by 8
Modeling collective emotions in online social systems
García, D., Garas, A., & Schweitzer, F. (2014) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199659180.003.0026 · Cited by 6
“…shared, whereas a tweet with d = 0.3 only 3%. e interpretation of these results is consistent with the concept that emotions elicit social sharing (Rime, 2009), showing that humans tend to share more experiences in which stronger emotions are involved. is analysis provides useful insights that…”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Transformative Practice
Portier-Young, A. E. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197604991.003.0006 · Cited by 6
Consumption Solidarity: Healing Cultural Trauma Following Marketplace Violence
Fehl, A. G., Mason, M. J., & Györke, M. (2025) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1093/jcr/ucaf003 · Cited by 5
Online Venting: The Impact of Temporal Proximity Cues and Emotionality on Perceptions of Negative Online Review Value
Grewal, L. S., Stephen, A. T., & Bart, Y. (2025) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/00222437251356478 · Cited by 5
“Sharing emotional experiences is common for both positive and negative emotions (Rimé 2009), and perceptions of such emotional content in online reviews vary according to whether the review is positive or negative.”
Happiness as a signal: The social functions of expressions of happiness in the context of culture and emotional tribes
Joshanloo, M., & Weijers, D. (2025) · New Ideas in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2025.101184 · Cited by 7

Authors: Rimé, B.
Affiliations: UCLouvain (BE)
Corresponding author: Rimé, Bernard
ORCID: Rimé, Bernard
Venue: Emotion Review
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2009-01
Volume: 1
Issue: 1
Pages: 60-85
ISSN: 1754-0739 (ISSN-L)
1754-0747
DOI: 10.1177/1754073908097189
OpenAlex: W2154480377
Cited by: 1,546
References: 160
Citations by year: 2026: 103 · 2025: 109 · 2024: 129 · 2023: 113 · 2022: 112 · 2021: 131 · 2020: 118 · 2019: 123 · 2018: 105 · 2017: 76 · 2016: 76 · 2015: 69 · 2014: 144 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 33
FWCI: 36.96
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Emotion Review (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: emotional sharing, emotion regulation, individualism, social interdependencies, interpersonal effects, collective emotions

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Emotion Elicits the Social Sharing of Emotion: Theory and Empirical Review

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