Cited by 1,546Emotions and Moral BehaviorAttachment and Relationship DynamicsChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

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Emotion Elicits the Social Sharing of Emotion: Theory and Empirical Review

Rimé, Bernard·2009·Emotion Review

DOI 10.1177/1754073908097189

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Abstract

This review demonstrates that an individualist view of emotion and regulation is untenable. First, I question the plausibility of a developmental shift away from social interdependency in emotion regulation. Second, I show that there are multiple reasons for emotional experiences in adults to elicit a process of social sharing of emotion, and I review the supporting evidence. Third, I look at effects that emotion sharing entails at the interpersonal and at the collective levels. Fourth, I examine the contribution of emotional sharing to emotion regulation together with the relevant empirical evidence. Finally, the various functions that the social sharing of emotion fulfills are reviewed and the relevance of the social sharing of emotion for emotion scientists is discussed.

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BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
The Psychology of Religious Rituals and Practices
Yaden, D. B. (2020) · Religion, spirituality and health: a social scientific approach · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-27953-0_2 · Cited by 5
Understanding Public Health Interventions: Isolation, Quarantine, Social Distancing
Madan, A., & Gupta, A. K. (2020) · Disaster Resilience and Green Growth · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-7679-9_16 · Cited by 5
The perceived invalidation of emotion scale (PIES) in a Portuguese sample: a psychometric evaluation and an item response theory analysis
Brandão, T., Brites, R., Hipólito, J., & Nunes, O. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01238-6 · Cited by 6
“One important strategy that individuals use is the social sharing of emotions, being considered a universal human tendency (Rimé, 2009).”
Background
How do Jordanians express their birthday wishes on Facebook? A sociolinguistic study
Banikalef, A. A. A. (2021) · Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies · doi:10.17263/jlls.904052 · Cited by 4
“Corpora of transcribed spoken words and utterances are the best tool of research for different research questions in pragmatics (Schmidt and Wörner, 2009).”
Method
EL PROCESO DE GESTIÓN EMOCIONAL: INVESTIGACIÓN, APLICACIÓN Y EVALUACIÓN
Garcia-Blanc, N., Gomis, R., Ros‐Morente, A., & Guiu, G. F. (2020) · KNOW AND SHARE PSYCHOLOGY · doi:10.25115/kasp.v1i4.4260 · Cited by 4
A hidden village: communicative functions of a Facebook support group for single mothers
Kopacz, M. A. (2021) · Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01463373.2021.1960876 · Cited by 5
“Second, verbal expression of negative emotions may help an individual make sense of her experiences (Rimé, 2009), legitimize her feelings (Bakardjieva, 2003), and improve wellbeing.”
Background
Sport-Related Affective Benefits for Teenagers Are Getting Greater as They Approach Adulthood: A Large-Scale French Investigation
Carton, A., Barbry, A., Coquart, J. B., Ovigneur, H., Amoura, C., & Orosz, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.738343 · Cited by 5
“Within sports clubs, among various experiences, positive affects can be socially shared and can reinforce the bonds between club members (Rimé, 2009).”
Background
Using Context and Physiological Cues to Improve Emotion Recognition in Virtual Reality
Gupta, K. (2021) · IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct) · doi:10.1109/ismar-adjunct54149.2021.00105 · Cited by 4
Users in crisis response and recovery: catharsis and social learning among social media users during and after a natural disaster
Goode, S. (2022) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2021.2016968 · Cited by 4
“…of social media participation in natural disaster response and recovery, we draw on prior research in the social psychology literature that points to the felt resolution of emotional, behavioural and cognitive problems as crucial to improving and maintaining an individual’s wellbeing (Rimé 2009).”
Background
[DC] Exploration of Context and Physiological Cues for Personalized Emotion-Adaptive Virtual Reality
Gupta, K. (2022) · IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW) · doi:10.1109/vrw55335.2022.00331 · Cited by 4
Passionate projects: practitioner reflections on emotion management
Connor, J., McDermott, V., & Gillies, W. (2022) · International Journal of Managing Projects in Business · doi:10.1108/ijmpb-08-2021-0208 · Cited by 4
How to get on top – the effect of rationality and incivility of user comments on their visibility in political online discussions on Facebook
Jost, P., & Ziegele, M. (2022) · Communication Research Reports · doi:10.1080/08824096.2022.2120861 · Cited by 4
“We focus on negative affective involvement that arises, for example, when media content violates personal norms or threatens a person’s perception of reality (Rimé, 2009).”
Background
Therapist competencies in the context of group-based exercise programs in medical rehabilitation: a qualitative study with patients and exercise therapists from Germany
Schuber, A. A., Gernert, M., & Schaller, A. (2023) · BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-023-00674-8 · Cited by 4
“This indicates that patient interaction in GEP should not be limited to the sharing of emotions [42], but instead contain information to facilitate self-efficacy expectations [43, 44].”
Background
Dynamics of user-generated content and service failure recovery: evidence from millennials
Ozuem, W., Willis, M., Ranfagni, S., Howell, K. E., & Rovai, S. (2023) · Qualitative Market Research An International Journal · doi:10.1108/qmr-08-2022-0124 · Cited by 4
The reminiscence bump and the self: evidence from five studies on positive and negative memories
Curci, A., Battista, F., Lanciano, T., D'Ovidio, F. D., & Conway, M. A. (2024) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2024.2325522 · Cited by 9
“…which has shown that persistent access to negative memories accomplishes the cognitive task of signalling unattained goals and the need to rearrange the hierarchy of motives, reaccommodate schemas, and recreate meanings (Carver & Scheier, 1990; Horowitz, 1979; Jano ﬀ -Bulman, 1989; Rimé, 2009).”
What’s in an emotion word? The multiple roles of labeling in emotional functioning and well-being
Hoemann, K. (2024) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/bs.plm.2024.03.001 · Cited by 9
Public cancer screening services and participation: What meanings in users' narratives to promote engagement?
Martino, M. L., Lemmo, D., Bianchi, M., Leone, M. F. G., Donizzetti, A. R., Freda, M. F., & Caso, D. (2024) · Nursing and Health Sciences · doi:10.1111/nhs.13146 · Cited by 5
The Effects of Leaders’ Affect: An Integrative Perspective Based on Multi-level Theories
Zhen, W. A. N. G., & Chen, L. (2014) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2014.00122 · Cited by 4
“…Brief, & Spataro, 2003)。但目前为止, 将领导和情感两个领域结合起来, 直接探讨领导者的情感及其作用机制的研究却较少。在团队中, 领导者拥有组织赋予的正式权威, 和团队成员的感受与行为密切相关 (Volmer, 2012)。领导者情感是影响下属态度行为的重要前因变量。领导者情感不仅会影响到下属的情感 (McColl-Kennedy & Anderson, 2002), 也会影响到下属的绩效(Connelly & Ruark, 2010; Damen, van Knippenberge, & Knippenberge, 2008)。在团队层面上,…”
Implicit Belittlements Call for Implicit Measures: Emotional Reactions to Youth Paternalistic Stereotypes
Silvestre, A., Huart, J., & Dardenne, B. (2017) · Psychologica Belgica · doi:10.5334/pb.351 · Cited by 4
“Literature on Social Sharing of Emotion (SSE) reports large evidence that any emotional episode, even of mild intensity, leads people to share it and talk about it (Luminet, Bouts, Delie, Manstead, & Rimé, 2000; Rimé, 2009a, 2009b).”
Background
Positive relationship processes: Interpersonal emotion regulation and well-being in the daily life of romantic couples
Debrot, A. (2016) · reroDoc Digital Library · doi:10.13140/rg.2.1.2216.4246 · Cited by 4
“in the domain of emotion and judgment (Clark, 2002), emotion regulation (Butler & Gross, 2009; Rimé, 2009), health (Berkman, Glass, Brissette, & Seeman, 2000), psychopathology (Whisman, 2007; Whisman, Uebelacker, & Weinstock, 2004)and more specifically depression (Coyne, 1990; Whisman, 2001) or therapy (Bodenmann et…”
BackgroundInfluential
PTSD severity among emergency personnel: An investigation based on the Ehlers and Clark cognitive model.
Köhler, M., Goebel, S., & Pedersen, A. (2019) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000466 · Cited by 4
The Layers of The Onion : The Impact of Satirical News on Affect and Online Sharing Behaviors
Stevens, E. M., & McIntyre, K. E. (2019) · Electronic News · doi:10.1177/1931243119850264 · Cited by 4
A Theory of Injustice and Victims’ Participation in Criminal Processes
Pemberton, A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42288-2_14 · Cited by 4
Las narraciones de la cuarentena durante la crisis de la COVID-19 a través de la música: emociones y actividades compartidas por Stay Homas
Álvarez-Cueva, P., Masanet, M.-J., & Cano-Hila, A. B. (2020) · Hipertext net Revista Académica sobre Documentación Digital y Comunicación Interactiva · doi:10.31009/hipertext.net.2020.i21.06 · Cited by 4
“…en que sus piezas musicales favorecen la conexión social con su audiencia, lo que desencadena una dinámica de intercambio social de emociones (Rimé, 2009) que, a su vez, facilita la participación y la capacidad social, por medio de respuestas vinculadas con la empatía, el apego, el afecto,…”
BackgroundInfluential
Short or Long Review? - Text Analytics and Machine Learning Approaches to Online Reputation
Li, X. S. (2021) · International Journal of Business and Management Research · doi:10.37391/ijbmr.090105 · Cited by 4
“According to the social sharing of emotion (SSE) theory [63], “Emotion, like trauma, is characterized by a sudden disruption of the normal course of events, challenging people’s belief systems about themselves and the world and calling for extensive cognitive and social processing” [64].”
Background
Daily support seeking as coping strategy in dual-smoker couples attempting to quit
Schwaninger, P., Lüscher, J., Berli, C., & Scholz, U. (2021) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2021.1913157 · Cited by 4
Media Mediate Sentiments
Matsumura, N., Miura, A., Komori, M., & Hiraishi, K. (2016) · International Journal of Knowledge Society Research · doi:10.4018/ijksr.2016040104 · Cited by 4
“Rimé (2009) showed that emotional experiences elicit a process of social sharing of emotion among people.”
Background
Comment: Social Integration and Health: Contributions of the Social Sharing of Emotion at the Individual, the Interpersonal, and the Collective Level
Rimé, B. (2018) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073917719330 · Cited by 6
“Emotion then stimulates interpersonal contacts and the person shares the emotion with close ones (e.g., Berger, 2011; Rimé, 2009).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Individual differences in expressive suppression and the subjective experience, verbal disclosure, and behavioral expression of anger
Sullivan, S. D., & Kahn, J. H. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.109723 · Cited by 4
Exploring Paramedic Communication and Emotional Expression in the Workplace after Responding to Emergency Calls
Drewitz-Chesney, C. (2019) · Australasian Journal of Paramedicine · doi:10.33151/ajp.16.714 · Cited by 4
“Paramedic communication and emotional expression that occurs after calls was explored since immediately after the trauma is when most individuals sharing emotion first express their feelings and this time may be most beneficial to paramedic mental health (19,25).”
BackgroundInfluential
Following the Blind: How Expertise and Endorsement Style Impact Word of Mouth PersuasionPreprint
Packard, G. M., & Berger, J. A. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2615023 · Cited by 4
Confiding Secrets and Well-BeingPreprint
Slepian, M. L., & Moulton-Tetlock, E. E. (2018) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/dta8n · Cited by 6
Audiences as Medium: Motivations and Emotions in News SharingPreprint
Gómez, A. D. (2020) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/ux2hk · Cited by 4
“According to Rimé (2009), “people are attracted to emotional stories in the media, as well as in movies, novels, plays, drama, opera, songs, images, and so forth.”
Background
Does talking about emotions influence eyewitness memory? The role of emotional vs. factual retelling on memory accuracy
Soleti, E., Curci, A., Bianco, A., & Lanciano, T. (2012) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e528342013-013 · Cited by 4
Relational turbulence and couples’ convergence and divergence in weekly highs and lows during three months of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown
Li, S., Solomon, D. H., & Brisini, K. S. C. (2023) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075231215270 · Cited by 3
“For example, when people experience an emotional event, they may tell other people about it (Rim´e, 2009); in doing so, some of the person ’ s appraisals of the event may be validated and reinforced while others questioned and challenged.”
Background
Dynamic effects of emotions in microblogs on sharing during EID outbreaks: The contingent role of user personality traits
Xu, L., Han, M., Wang, J., Chen, Y., & Qiu, J. (2024) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/j.im.2024.104063 · Cited by 4
Accuracy and bias in the perceptions of partner’s negative emotions: the role of trait mindfulness
Zoppolat, G., Overall, N. C., Karremans, J. C., Kammrath, L. K., van der Schans, K. L., Chang, V. T., Doyle, D. M., & Righetti, F. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-94581-2 · Cited by 3
Unraveling Strangers’ Interaction: An Analytical Framework for Understanding the Ice-Breaking Process with a Socio-Spatial Interface
Guo, G. S., Chao, H.-M., Pham, H., Leshed, G., & Green, K. E. (2025) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/3742857 · Cited by 3
“Research has explored various factors promoting a better ice-breaking experience between strangers such as self-disclosure [29, 73, 112], emotional revealing [66, 102], having a mutual goal [34, 107, 127], just to name a few.”
Emotionality in Political Social Media Communications: The Moderating Role of Audience Diversity
Fossen, B. L., & Schweidel, D. A. (2025) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.2022.0064 · Cited by 3
Supportive communication patterns among informal caregivers of older adults on Reddit: A content analysis
Huang, N. M., Timothy, B., & Ho, S. S. (2025) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076251376537 · Cited by 3
“39,40 44 – 46 Emotional expressions, whether intentional or unintentional, can act as a social support elicitation strategy by in ﬂ uencing how others respond to informal caregivers ’ posts.”
Why Is the Grass Always Greener on the Other Side? Tourist Bias in Online Restaurant Ratings
Xu, D., Zhang, X., Hong, H., & Ye, Q. (2025) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.2020.0620 · Cited by 3
“Since social sharing of emotions (Rimé 2009) provides an important channel for consumers to regulate their emotions, travel usually brings consumers good mood, such as happiness and excitement, and this mood change caused by travel may impact consumers’ rating behavior.”

Authors: Rimé, B.
Affiliations: UCLouvain (BE)
Corresponding author: Rimé, Bernard
ORCID: Rimé, Bernard
Venue: Emotion Review
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2009-01
Volume: 1
Issue: 1
Pages: 60-85
ISSN: 1754-0739 (ISSN-L)
1754-0747
DOI: 10.1177/1754073908097189
OpenAlex: W2154480377
Cited by: 1,546
References: 160
Citations by year: 2026: 103 · 2025: 109 · 2024: 129 · 2023: 113 · 2022: 112 · 2021: 131 · 2020: 118 · 2019: 123 · 2018: 105 · 2017: 76 · 2016: 76 · 2015: 69 · 2014: 144 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 33
FWCI: 36.96
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Emotion Review (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: emotional sharing, emotion regulation, individualism, social interdependencies, interpersonal effects, collective emotions

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Emotion Elicits the Social Sharing of Emotion: Theory and Empirical Review

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