Emotional Behaviors, Emotivational Goals, Emotion Strategies: Multiple Levels of Organization Integrate Variable and Consistent Responses

“Because mood and emotions are strong motivators of behavior (Roseman, 2011), this finding is particularly noteworthy for future intervention and campaign message design.”

“Naturally, fear and anger also bare the names of primary emotions, though emotion researchers have frequently highlighted their motivational components (Roseman, 2011, calls them “emotivations”) and related them to “threat approach” and “threat avoidance” (Carver and Harmon-Jones, 2009).”

“These emotions, in turn, motivate the person to eliminate the threat by restoring harmony or unity in the relationship and reaffirming one’s sense of self as an interdependent and interpersonally engaged entity (Roseman, 2011).”

“However, since these emotional motivations, a concept discussed by researchers such as Roseman (2011), are not related to the solution of the problem, rejection of the message may occur.”

“1 Affect, both positive and negative, prompts cognitive and behavioural responses and primes humans to take particular actions (Frijda, 1987; Roseman, 2011).”

“Indeed, multiple processes, including emotion knowledge, are thought to come online when experiencing discrete emotions (Lazarus, 1991; Tsai, 2007; Barrett, 2009; Tamir, 2009; Roseman, 2011; Lindquist, 2013).”

“…a concomitant phenomenon (Frijda et al., 1986), equivalent to motivations (Levenson, 1999) or whether motivation is a component of emotion referred to as emotivation (Roseman, 2011). optimistic beliefs, a different perception of the game as well as by a shift towards more pro-social preferences.”

“Although all instances of an emotion will not be identical, there may still be significant response consistencies related to five components (Roseman, 2011; Roseman, Wiest, & Swartz, 1994): phenomenological (characteristic thoughts and feelings), expressive (facial, vocal and postural changes), behavioural (tendencies…”

“Looking across rows in Table 1 suggests that the components of a given emotion may be understood not as isolated phenomena, but as interrelated responses that have coevolved, with each emotion forming a (typically nonconscious) strategy for coping with a particular type of crisis (specific negative emotions) or opport…”

“…points out, whereas classical theories such as affect program theory assume beyond-chance, probabilistic co-occurrence of specific components for each emotion (e.g., Roseman, 2011; Tracy, 2014), skeptical theories such as psychological constructionism do not (e.g., Barrett, 2014; Russell, 2003).”

“Roseman (2011) [32] also proposes that hope motivates persistence, approaching and anticipating goal achievement.”

“…holds that emotions guide flexible actions (e.g., Adolphs & Andler, 2018; Blakemore & Vuilleumier, 2017; Buck, 1985; Eder & Hommel, 2013; Frijda, 2004; Gonzaga et al., 2006; Moors et al., 2017; Panksepp, 2004; Ridderinkhof, 2017; Roseman, 2001, 2011; Smith & Ellsworth, 1985; Smith & Lazarus, 1990).”

“The action tendencies associated with happiness include moving toward the happiness-inducing event, sharing positive outcomes, and celebration [8,9].”

“At the same time, we also know that the actual behavioural implications of some emotions can somewhat vary across cultures, mostly because of differences in emotion regulation (Mesquita 2022; Roseman 2011).”

“Mechanisms under voluntary control include breath, facial expression, dynamic body attitudes, and vocal responses (Roseman 2011, p. 434 – 35).”

“2019), and CPM (component process model; Scherer 2009b; Roseman 2011) are working to hybridize existing models of affect and use advancements in theory to work through perceived shortcomings of these theoretical models.”

“…the findings support the evolutionary psychology perspective of the envy reflex as a social threat alarm where a more intense envy reflex corresponds with a heightened perception of threat thereby increasing the likelihood of a behavioural response (Berntson and Cacioppo, 2008; Roseman, 2011).”

“The action tendency of hope is approach and anticipation, which promotes goal formation (Myrick, 2017; Roseman, 2011), elevated coping potential, the tendency to pursue a desired goal, and higher levels of self-efficacy (Lazarus, 1999, 2001; Myrick, 2017).”

“Fear is thought to create uncertainties that lead individuals to adopt averting behavior (Roseman, 2011) with previous research suggesting that individuals who had a higher level of fear of sexually transmitted infections had a higher level of intention to undergo screening for STIs (Shepherd &…”

“80 Psychological research further suggest that in addition to emotional experience, even the mere anticipation of such experience can motivate action.”

“It belongs to a family of emotions Roseman (2011) calls rejection emotions, which in general function to move something away from one's self.”

“When considering Roseman’s Emotion System model, targeted parents feel sadness, distress, frustration, anger, guilt and shame as a consequence of the alienation.”

“behavior that gave rise to the goal-incongruent event (Roseman, 2011).”

“Multiple studies demonstrate a positive association between feeling angry over politics and political participation (Carver, 2004; Phoenix, 2019; Roseman, 2011; Valentino et al., 2009; Valentino & Neuner, 2017).”

“As another example, feeling pride is associated with an action tendency of exhibiting and asserting the self to ‘show what you can do’ (Roseman, 2011, p 439).”

“The action tendency of happiness is to move toward whatever is causing the happiness, to share positive outcomes or strategies with others, and, if happy enough, to celebrate [19, 21].”

“It is not, however, entirely removed from the idea of future reconciliation (Fischer & Roseman, 2007; Roseman, 2011).”

“Distinct emotions are typically defined as including specific patterns of subjective feelings, physiological changes, neural activity, cognitive appraisals, and motivated action tendencies (Ekman, 1992; Kragel & LeBar, 2014; Roseman, 2011; Tracy & Randles, 2011).”

“(Roseman, 2011), examining different discrete or unique mental health outcomes could lead to a more intricate understanding of the social control process.”

“Specifically, undesirable outcomes or qualities related to incompetence might arouse contempt (Ufkes & Otten, 2011), while undesirable outcomes or qualities related to goal blockage might arouse anger (Roseman, 2011).”