State and Trait Emotion Regulation Diversity in Social Anxiety
Open accessAbstract
Emotion regulation (ER) diversity, defined as the variety, frequency, and evenness of ER strategies used, may predict social anxiety severity. In a sample of individuals with high ( n = 113) and low ( n = 42) social anxiety severity, we tested whether four trait ER diversity metrics predicted group membership. We generalized existing trait ER diversity calculations to repeated measures data to test whether state-level metrics (using 2 weeks of ecological momentary assessment [EMA] data) predicted social anxiety severity within the higher severity group. As hypothesized, higher trait ER diversity within avoidance-oriented strategies predicted greater likelihood of belonging to the higher severity group. At the state level, higher diversity across all ER strategies, and within and between avoidance- and approach-oriented strategies, predicted higher social anxiety severity (but only after analyses controlled for number of submitted EMAs). Only diversity within avoidance-oriented strategies was significantly correlated across trait and state levels. Findings suggest that high avoidance-oriented ER diversity may co-occur with higher social anxiety severity.
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Daniel et al found that diversity within avoidance-oriented strategies was associated with both trait and state social anxiety levels.
“The results showed that diversity within avoidance-oriented strategies was associated with both trait and state SA levels.”
From Studies of Social Anxiety Using Ambulatory Assessment: Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [22]
The Conclusion reports that avoidance-oriented strategy diversity at both the trait and state levels predicted higher social anxiety severity. But the Models and Measures sections show that social anxiety severity was measured with the SIAS, not as separate trait and state anxiety levels; “trait and state” describes the diversity measures. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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Studies of Social Anxiety Using Ambulatory Assessment: Systematic Review
Fernández-Álvarez, J., Colombo, D., Gómez Penedo, J. M., Pierantonelli, M., Baños, R. M., & Botella, C. (2024) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/46593 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Daniel, K. E., Larrazabal, M. A., Boukhechba, M., Barnes, L. E., & Teachman, B. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Virginia (US)
- Corresponding author
- Daniel, Katharine E.
- Venue
- Clinical Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2023-02-28
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 894-909
- ISSN
- 2167-7026 (ISSN-L)
- 2167-7034
- PMC
- PMC10656041
- OpenAlex
- W4323268395
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5
- FWCI
- 3.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Clinical Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH113752)
- Jefferson Scholars Foundation (John S. Lillard Jefferson Fellow)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- social anxiety, trait emotion regulation, anxiety levels, ecological momentary assessment, repeated measures
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