The DOI matches its Crossref record; 64 of the 66 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Lupus anticoagulants are stronger risk factors for thrombosis than anticardiolipin antibodies in the antiphospholipid syndrome: a systematic review of the literature
Abstract
To formally establish the risk of lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin antibodies for arterial and venous thrombosis, we ran a MEDLINE search of the literature from 1988 to 2000. Studies were selected for their case-control (11), prospective (9), cross-sectional (3), and ambispective (2) design. They provided or enabled us to calculate the odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) of lupus anticoagulants and/or anticardiolipin antibodies for thrombosis in 4184 patients and 3151 controls. Studies were grouped according to the antibody investigated. Five studies compared lupus anticoagulants with anticardiolipin antibodies: the odds ratio with 95% CI of lupus anticoagulants for thrombosis was always significant. None of them found anticardiolipin antibodies were associated with thrombosis. Four studies analyzed only lupus anticoagulants: the odds ratio with 95% CI was always significant. The risk of lupus anticoagulants was independent of the site and type of thrombosis, the presence of systemic lupus erythematosus, and the coagulation tests employed to detect them. Sixteen studies served to assess 28 associations between anticardiolipin antibodies and thrombosis: the odds ratio with 95% CI was significant in 15 cases. Anticardiolipin titer correlated with the odds ratio of thrombosis. In conclusion, the detection of lupus anticoagulants and, possibly, of immunoglobulin G (IgG) anticardiolipin antibodies at medium or high titers helps to identify patients at risk for thrombosis. However, to take full advantage of the conclusions provided by the available evidence, there is an urgent need to harmonize investigational methods.
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In the citing paper
“These results confirm and validate several previous reports that have implicated these antibodies in the pathogenesis of APS [9, 10, 12, 13, 29, 30], but they also add to the growing body of evidence that shows inconsistent associations between aPL-associated autoantibodies and anamnestic thrombotic risk [3, 16].”
From Cardiovascular risk factors are major determinants of thrombotic risk in patients with the lupus anticoagulant (2017) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“It is now clear that LA positivity is associated with TEs.22”
From Incidence of a first thromboembolic event in asymptomatic carriers of high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile: a multicenter prospective study (2011) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“It is well known that LA positivity is more strongly associated with both arterial and venous thrombosis than either aCL or anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies [8, 9].”
From Antiphospholipid patterns predict risk of thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (2021) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“Large studies found that IgM aCL and IgM anti-β2-glycoprotein I are not associated with thrombotic events [9–13].”
From Antiphospholipid patterns predict risk of thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (2021) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“Similarly, in a systematic review, aCL IgM was not predictive for thrombosis [9].”
From Antiphospholipid patterns predict risk of thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (2021) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“In most studies, it has been shown that in SLE, LA is the main predictor of thrombosis [9, 27–29].”
From Antiphospholipid patterns predict risk of thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (2021) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“Patients with persistent aPL with or without APS are at increased risk of future thrombotic events, LA positivity having the strongest association with these events.3”
From Lupus anticoagulant test persistence over time and its associations with future thrombotic events (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Patients with persistent aPL with or without APS are at increased risk of future thrombotic events, LA positivity having the strongest association with these events.3”
From Lupus anticoagulant test persistence over time and its associations with future thrombotic events (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Additional antibodies, most notably anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) and anti–glycoprotein-I antibodies (aβ2GPI), were later identified and associated with thrombosis and recurrent spontaneous abortions.2-4”
From Lupus anticoagulant test persistence over time and its associations with future thrombotic events (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Notably, most prior efforts to risk-stratify patients for future thrombotic events have used the patients’ aPL status from the first measurement or early in the observation period and have not analyzed changes over time.3,7,8”
From Lupus anticoagulant test persistence over time and its associations with future thrombotic events (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“This contention is supported by meta-analyses showing that the presence of aCL and ab2GPI alone are poorly associated with thromboembolic events [6,7].”
From Clinical course of high‐risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome (2010) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Although a positive LAC is considered to be a strong risk factor for thrombosis in APS, 10,11”
From Clinical Relevance of Isolated Lupus Anticoagulant Positivity in Patients with Thrombotic Antiphospholipid Syndrome (2021) · cites this paper as [10]
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Items 301–400 of 966
Are laboratories following published recommendations for lupus anticoagulant testing?
Moffat, K. A., Ledford-Kraemer, M., Plumhoff, E., McKay, H., Nichols, W., Meijer, P., & Hayward, C. P. M. (2008) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th08-06-0353 · Cited by 30
Cognitive dysfunction and white matter abnormalities in antiphospholipid syndrome
Erkan, D., Kozora, E., & Lockshin, M. D. (2010) · Pathophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.pathophys.2010.04.010 · Cited by 30
Clinical Significance of Anticardiolipin and Anti-β2-Glycoprotein I Antibodies
Obermoser, G., Bitterlich, W., Kunz, F., & Sepp, N. T. (2004) · International Archives of Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.1159/000080658 · Cited by 29
“The association with APS-related clinical features was highest in patients positive for LA (69.2p, p = 0.008), followed by anti-β 2 -gpI antibodies and aCl. This is in agreement with a recent meta-analysis by Galli et al. [”
ResultInfluentialStroke and antiphospholipid syndrome: the treatment debate
Ruiz‐Irastorza, G., & Khamashta, M. A. (2005) · Rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keh666 · Cited by 30
“The presence of LA [24] and, probably, very high-titre aCL should be also borne in mind when deciding the optimal treatment for a given patient.”
BackgroundCianciulli, T. F., Saccheri, M. C., Lax, J. A., et al. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 29
Galli, M. (2009) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03689.x · Cited by 29
Self-citationPengo, V., Denas, G., Bison, E., Banzato, A., Jose, S. P., Gresele, P., Marongiu, F., Erba, N., Veschi, F., Ghirarduzzi, A., et al. (2010) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2010.05.018 · Cited by 29
“Despite the name, the presence of LAC is associated with thromboembolic rather than hemorrhagic events [2,3], and this association defines the Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) [4].”
BackgroundThe association of antiphospholipid antibodies with intrauterine fetal death: A case–control study
Helgadóttir, L. B., Skjeldestad, F. E., Jacobsen, A. F., Sandset, P. M., & Jacobsen, E. (2011) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2011.11.029 · Cited by 29
“In studies on thrombosis, a more consistent association with both arterial and venous thrombosis has been found for LA than for aCL [24].”
BackgroundPasquali, J., Poindron, V., Korganow, A., & Martin, T. (2008) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1016/j.berh.2008.08.008 · Cited by 28
Dilemmas in the diagnosis and management of antiphospholipid syndrome
Manning, J. E., & Arachchillage, D. J. (2024) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1016/j.jtha.2024.03.027 · Cited by 34
Diagnosis and therapy of antiphospholipid syndrome
Pengo, V., Denas, G., Jose, S. P., Zoppellaro, G., Bison, E., Banzato, A., Hoxha, A., & Ruffatti, A. (2015) · Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnętrznej · doi:10.20452/pamw.3051 · Cited by 28
Bazzan, M., Vaccarino, A., Stella, S., Bertero, M., CARIGNOLA, R., Montaruli, B., Roccatello, D., & Shoenfeld, Y. (2012) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2012.11.007 · Cited by 28
“There is strong evidence [8] concerning the fact that LA positivity alone correlates with higher thrombotic risk more than aCL or anti-beta2glycoprotein I positivity alone.”
BackgroundAntiphospholipid syndrome, “the best prophet of the future”
Amengual, O., & Atsumi, T. (2018) · Modern Rheumatology · doi:10.1080/14397595.2018.1435988 · Cited by 30
“of clinical manifestation of APS than aCL or antib2GPI [60],”
Armstrong, E. M., Bellone, J. M., Hornsby, L. B., Eudaley, S. T., & Phillippe, H. M. (2014) · Journal of Pharmacy Practice · doi:10.1177/0897190014530424 · Cited by 31
COVID-19 and antiphospholipid antibodies
Butt, A., Erkan, D., & Lee, A. I. (2022) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology · doi:10.1016/j.beha.2022.101402 · Cited by 28
“At first glance, this difference appears intriguing based on the increased association of LA with thrombosis compared to aCL or aβ2-GPI in APS, but reporting bias confounds any direct comparisons [63].”
BackgroundAntiphospholipid antibody profile: implications for the evaluation and management of patients
Tincani, A., Andréoli, L., Casu, C., Cattaneo, R., & Meroni, P. L. (2010) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203310361491 · Cited by 29
Shiber, S., & Molad, Y. (2014) · Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis · doi:10.1097/mbc.0000000000000218 · Cited by 28
Antiprothombin antibodies and the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome
Amengual, O., Atsumi, T., & Koike, T. (2004) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2004.02.013 · Cited by 28
Nojima, J., Masuda, Y., Iwatani, Y., Kuratsune, H., Watanabe, Y., Suehisa, E., Takano, T., Hidaka, Y., & Kanakura, Y. (2008) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ken124 · Cited by 29
“It was recently reported that the presence of LA activity is the strongest risk factor for thromboembolic events in patients with SLE [ 12 ].”
BackgroundInfluentialAntiphospholipid antibodies: update on detection, pathophysiology, and treatment
de Groot, P. G., & Derksen, R. H. W. M. (2004) · Current Opinion in Hematology · doi:10.1097/01.moh.0000130313.95291.4a · Cited by 27
Lupus anticoagulant detection: out of control?
Moore, G. W., Brown, K. L., Bromidge, E. S., Drew, A. J., & Ledford‐Kraemer, M. R. (2013) · International Journal of Laboratory Hematology · doi:10.1111/ijlh.12006 · Cited by 27
“these antibodies better correlates with thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity than aCL [2, 3].”
BackgroundAnti‐phospholipid antibodies and reproductive failures
Beltagy, A., Trespìdi, L., Gerosa, M., Ossola, M. W., Meroni, P. L., & Chighizola, C. B. (2020) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/aji.13258 · Cited by 28
Niznik, S., Rapoport, M. J., Avnery, O. H., Lubetsky, A., Yahia, S. H., Ellis, M. H., & Agmon‐Levin, N. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.843718 · Cited by 27
Muscal, E., & Brey, R. L. (2007) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2007.01478.x · Cited by 25
Del Ross, T., Ruffatti, A., Cuffaro, S., Tonello, M., Calligaro, A., Favaro, M., Facchinetti, M., Hoxha, A., & Punzi, L. (2015) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2015.08.019 · Cited by 27
“According to two systematic reviews [7,8], the IgM isotype has only limited value in clinical practice because it is not associated with thrombosis.”
BackgroundInfluentialWahezi, D. M., Nt, I., Xx, W., Pelkmans, L., de Laat, B., Schanberg, L. E., Rand, J., & for the Atherosclerosis Prevention in Pediatric Lupus Erythematosus Investigators (2013) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203313490241 · Cited by 27
Woo, K., Kim, K.-E., Kim, J. M., Han, J., Chung, W., & Kim, K. (2010) · Annals of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.3343/kjlm.2010.30.1.38 · Cited by 27
“(RPLs) than anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies [5-7].”
ResultTick-borne diseases and autoimmunity: A comprehensive review
Rodríguez, Y., Rojas, M., Gershwin, M. E., & Anaya, J. (2017) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2017.11.007 · Cited by 26
“, aCL, anti-b2GP-1) appear of low predictability in antiphospholipid syndrome [303,304], IgM anti-PS antibodies may present a similar low value.”
BackgroundGrimaud, F., Yelnik, C., de Chambrun, M. P., Amoura, Z., Arnaud, L., Costedoat-Chalumeau, N., HACHULLA, E., Lambert, M., Roriz, M., Sibilia, J., et al. (2018) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/key437 · Cited by 27
Hell, L., Lurger, K., Mauracher, L., Grilz, E., Reumiller, C. M., Schmidt, G. J., Ercan, H., Koder, S., Assinger, A., Basílio, J., et al. (2020) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-019-0358-4 · Cited by 27
Anticardiolipin and anti-beta-2-glycoprotein I antibodies
Marai, I., Tincani, A., Balestrieri, G., & Shoenfeld, Y. (2005) · Autoimmunity · doi:10.1080/08916930400022608 · Cited by 27
“Prospective clinical studies have shown that patients with aCL and previous thrombosis episodes have a significantly higher risk of recurrence compared with patients without antibodies [20], while in a recent methanalysis work (including prospective and retrospective studies) LA appears linked to the higher relative r…”
BackgroundPradella, P., Azzarini, G., Santarossa, L., Caberlotto, L., Bardin, C., Poz, A., D’Aurizio, F., & Giacomello, R. (2013) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2012-0382 · Cited by 26
“Early in the last decade, the presence of LA, detected through coagulation assays, has shown to be a stronger thrombotic risk factor than other antiphospholipid antibodies [12] , thus leading LA determination to a pivotal role in the laboratory diagnosis of APS [13, 14] .”
BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 infection and SLE: endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and thrombosis
Płazak, W., & Drabik, L. (2023) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-022-06497-1 · Cited by 27
“In patients with antiphospholipid syndrome after the first thromboembolic episode, the risk of the new episode is especially high if LA is present together with high IgG aCL titers, as shown in the meta-analysis of 25 studies [66], or in triple positive patients (LA + IgG aCL + IgG antiß2GPI) [67, 68].”
BackgroundHabe, K., Wada, H., Matsumoto, T., Ohishi, K., Ikejiri, M., Matsubara, K., Morioka, T., Kamimoto, Y., Ikeda, T., Katayama, N., et al. (2016) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.55.5536 · Cited by 26
“The presence of aPLs has been reported in approximately 40% of SLE patients, and half of these patients experience THEs or obstetric morbidities (32).”
BackgroundStudies of fibrin formation and fibrinolytic function in patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome
Vikerfors, A., Svenungsson, E., Ågren, A., Mobarrez, F., Bremme, K. A., Holmström, M., Eelde, A., Bruzelius, M., Elgue, G., Wallén, H., et al. (2014) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2014.02.023 · Cited by 26
“This observation is in line with the fact that IgM aPL are less strongly associated with thrombotic events [36–38].”
ResultBećarević, M. B. (2016) · Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis · doi:10.1007/s11239-016-1389-5 · Cited by 26
Anticoagulating patients with high-risk acquired thrombophilias
Skeith, L. (2018) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2018-05-848697 · Cited by 26
“Lupus anticoagulant (LAC) has been consistently associated with a first episode of VTE and ATE, whereas studies report a variable thrombotic risk with anticardiolipin (aCL) according to the study design and antibody titer cutoffs used.(13,14) Anti-b2 glycoprotein 1 (ab2GP1) antibodies are likely associated with a mode…”
BackgroundAntiphospholipid Antibody Testing: Which Are Most Useful for Diagnosis?
Bertolaccini, M. L., & Hughes, G. R. V. (2006) · Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2006.05.001 · Cited by 26
“In this analysis, aCL were not such strong risk factors, unless the IgG isotype and medium or high titers were considered [42].”
BackgroundPosch, F., Gebhart, J., Rand, J. H., Koder, S., Quehenberger, P., Pengo, V., Ay, C., & Pabinger, I. (2017) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-017-0807-7 · Cited by 25
“Miyakis S, Lockshin MD, Atsumi T, Branch DW, Brey RL, Cervera R, Derksen RH, de Groot PG, Koike T, Meroni PL, et al. International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAPS – controversies in diagnosis and management, critical overview of current guidelines
Pengo, V. (2011) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/s0049-3848(11)70014-7 · Cited by 25
“The relation of either aCL positivity alone [3] or aCL positivity in general to thrombosis is absent [4].”
BackgroundTanimura, K., Saito, S., Nakatsuka, M., Nagamatsu, T., Fujii, T., Fukui, A., Deguchi, M., Sasagawa, Y., Arase, N., Arase, H., et al. (2020) · Arthritis & Rheumatology · doi:10.1002/art.41410 · Cited by 25
Presence of low titre of antiphospholipid antibodies in cancer patients: a prospective study
Bazzan, M., Montaruli, B., Vaccarino, A., et al. (2009) · Internal and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11739-009-0316-6 · Cited by 25
“Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) represent an acquired, immuno-mediated, well-defined risk factor for thrombotic events [ 4 , 5] and obstetrical complications.”
BackgroundThe chequered history of the antiphospholipid syndrome
Arachchillage, D. J., & Greaves, M. (2014) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/bjh.12848 · Cited by 25
“Painstaking clinical studies have generated useful diagnostic insights of value in the clinical setting, not least the demonstration by Galli et al (2003) in a systematic review, that lupus anticoagulant is a stronger risk factor for thrombosis than anticardiolipin antibodies, and, subsequently by…”
BackgroundMotoki, Y., Nojima, J., Yanagihara, M., Tsuneoka, H., Matsui, T., Yamamoto, M., & Ichihara, K. (2011) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2011.11.048 · Cited by 25
Montaruli, B., Luna, E. D., Erroi, L., Marchese, C. A., Mengozzi, G., Napoli, P., Nicolò, C., Romito, A., Bertero, M., Sivera, P., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Laboratory Hematology · doi:10.1111/ijlh.12466 · Cited by 25
Prevention of thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome
Lim, W. (2016) · Hematology · doi:10.1182/asheducation-2016.1.707 · Cited by 25
“09 to 16.(5) Thrombotic risk with aCL, and to a lesser extent anti–b2-GPI, is inconsistent with some studies suggesting no association with thrombosis(5-8) and other studies suggesting increased risk only with specific antibody isotypes and/or high titer antibodies.”
BackgroundResultThe Russell viper venom time (RVVT) test for investigation of lupus anticoagulant (LA)
Favaloro, E. J. (2019) · American Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1002/ajh.25606 · Cited by 25
“This is more so for example than the solid phase antiphospholipid (aPL) antibody assays such as anti-cardiolipin (aCL) and anti-beta2-glyocprotein I (aB2GPI).(1,2,17) However, it should also be recognized that a positive solid phase assay alone (ie, without LA positivity), would still allow a diagnosis of APS in the a…”
BackgroundMiesbach, W., Scharrer, I., & Asherson, R. A. (2006) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-006-0328-9 · Cited by 25
“According to some recent studies, the presence of LAC implies a high risk of clinical manifestations of APS [9].”
BackgroundPathogenesis of the antiphospholipid syndrome revisited: time to challenge the dogma
Lackner, K. J., & Müller‐Calleja, N. (2016) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.13320 · Cited by 24
Gkrouzman, E., Sevim, E., Finik, J., Andrade, D., Pengo, V., Sciascia, S., Tektonidou, M. G., Ugarte, A., Chighizola, C. B., Belmont, H. M., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.3899/jrheum.200513 · Cited by 24
“Triple aPL positivity 10,11 or LAC positivity 12 is known to confer a higher risk for aPL-related clinical events compared to aCL and anti–β 2 -GPI positivity.”
BackgroundAcquired and Inherited Thrombophilia Disorders in Pregnancy
Pierangeli, S. S., Leader, B., Barilaro, G., Willis, R., & Branch, D. W. (2011) · Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2011.02.016 · Cited by 25
Stojanovich, L., Marković, O., Marisavljević, D., Elezović, I. V., Ilijevski, N. S., & Stanisavljević, N. (2011) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203311422710 · Cited by 24
Raso, S., Sciascia, S., Kuzenko, A., Castagno, I., Marozio, L., & Bertero, M. T. (2014) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.09.002 · Cited by 24
“LA is considered the strongest risk factor among aPL for thrombosis [27], and a special attention is required when a thrombo-prophylaxis is planned in patients with LA, especially when associated with multiple positivity.”
BackgroundSystemic Lupus Erythematosus and Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome
Kokosi, M. A., Lams, B., & Agarwal, S. (2019) · Clinics in Chest Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2019.06.001 · Cited by 26
Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Association Between Laboratory Tests and Clinical Practice
Galli, M. (2003) · Pathophysiology of Haemostasis and Thrombosis · doi:10.1159/000083810 · Cited by 23
Self-citationAcquired neurocutaneous disorders
Nouh, A. M., Speiser, J. J., & Biller, J. (2015) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-62702-5.00003-2 · Cited by 23
Malbora, B., & Bilaloğlu, E. (2015) · Pediatric Hematology and Oncology · doi:10.3109/08880018.2015.1065302 · Cited by 24
“[48], it is emphasized that LAs are stronger risk factors for thrombosis than ACAs in the APS.”
BackgroundAntiphospholipid Syndrome and Thrombosis
Branch, D. W., & Eller, A. (2006) · Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.grf.0000211955.61121.3b · Cited by 21
Predictive role of hs-C-reactive protein in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome
Miesbach, W., Gökpinar, B., Gilzinger, A., et al. (2005) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2005.10.006 · Cited by 23
Role of Investigating Thrombophilic Disorders in Young Stroke
Ng, K. W. P., Loh, P. K., & Sharma, V. K. (2011) · Stroke Research and Treatment · doi:10.4061/2011/670138 · Cited by 22
“Lupus anticoagulants are considered to carry a 5 to 16 times higher risk for thrombotic events than anticardiolipin antibodies [31].”
BackgroundClinical Importance of Positive Test Results for Lupus Anticoagulant and Anticardiolipin Antibodies
Prøven, A., Bartlett, R. P., Moder, K. G., Chang‐Miller, A., Cardel, L. K., Heit, J. A., Homburger, H. A., Petterson, T. M., Christianson, T. J. H., & Nichols, W. L. (2004) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/79.4.467 · Cited by 23
“In some studies, LA testing proved to be more specifically associated with thrombosis than aCL.(5,33,37-42) However, the patient populations in these studies varied.”
BackgroundGenzen, J. R., & Miller, J. L. (2005) · American Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1309/7ryun5drk4wch3pm · Cited by 23
Acquired immune-mediated thrombophilia in lymphoproliferative disorders
Lechner, K., Simonitsch, I., Haselböck, J., Jaeger, U., & Pabinger, I. (2011) · Leukemia & lymphoma/Leukemia and lymphoma · doi:10.3109/10428194.2011.580474 · Cited by 22
Antiphospholipid antibodies and thrombosis: do test patterns identify the patients' risk?
Galli, M. (2004) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2004.08.009 · Cited by 22
“A systematic review of the published articles on the antiphospholipid syndrome showed lupus anticoagulants were a clear risk factor for thrombosis, irrespective of the site and type of thrombosis, the presence of systemic lupus erythematosus and the methods used to detect them (Table 1) [6].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationThe treatment of antiphospholipid syndrome: A harmonic contrast
Ruiz‐Irastorza, G., & Khamashta, M. A. (2007) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1016/j.berh.2007.10.003 · Cited by 23
Difficult Clinical Situations in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Rosa, R. F., Lopes, M. R. U., Zeinad, A. K., D’Amico, É. A., & ANDRADE, D. C. O. D. (2015) · Current Rheumatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11926-015-0502-7 · Cited by 22
B cells in primary antiphospholipid syndrome: Review and remaining challenges
Dieudonné, Y., Guffroy, A., Poindron, V., Soulas-Sprauel, P., Martin, T., Korganow, A., & Gies, V. (2021) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102798 · Cited by 23
The Future of Antiphospholipid Antibody Testing
de Groot, P. G., & Urbanus, R. T. (2012) · Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis · doi:10.1055/s-0032-1304715 · Cited by 22
Impact of thrombophilia screening on venous thromboembolism management practices
Garcia‐Horton, A., Kovacs, M. J., Abdulrehman, J., Taylor, J. E., Sharma, S., & Lazo‐Langner, A. (2016) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2016.11.023 · Cited by 22
How to Identify High-Risk APS Patients: Clinical Utility and Predictive Values of Validated Scores
Oku, K., Amengual, O., Yasuda, S., & Atsumi, T. (2017) · Current Rheumatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11926-017-0674-4 · Cited by 22
“Zuily et al., from the result of the prospective multi-centre study, reported that aPS/PT IgG was also significantly predictive of thrombosis in SLE patients [48].”
BackgroundInfluentialHögdén, A., Antovič, A., Berg, E., Bremme, K. A., & Chaireti, R. (2019) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203319852155 · Cited by 22
Loss of antiphospholipid antibody positivity post-thrombosis in SLE
Khawaja, M., Magder, L. S., GOLDMAN, D. W., & Petri, M. (2020) · Lupus Science & Medicine · doi:10.1136/lupus-2020-000423 · Cited by 22
Ortel, T. L. (2006) · Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis · doi:10.1007/s11239-006-5581-x · Cited by 22
“They found that lupus anticoagulants were more likely to be associated with an increased thrombotic risk compared to anticardiolipin antibodies, and that higher anticardiolipin antibody titers were generally more significant clinically than lower antibody titers [26].”
BackgroundControversies in the antiphospholipid syndrome: can we ever stop warfarin?
Fonseca, A. G., & D’Cruz, D. P. (2008) · Journal of Autoimmune Diseases · doi:10.1186/1740-2557-5-6 · Cited by 23
Sugie, M., Iizuka, N., Shimizu, Y., & Ichikawa, H. (2015) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.54.5045 · Cited by 21
“In contrast to cases with only positive anticardiolipin or anti-β2 glycoprotein I, isolated LA was significantly associated with an increased risk of arterial thrombosis in cases of APS (12), especially in those without systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (13).”
ResultArterial Thrombosis in Patients with Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Review and Meta-Analysis
Aibar, J., & Schulman, S. (2021) · Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis · doi:10.1055/s-0041-1725057 · Cited by 22
B-Cells and BAFF in Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Targets for Therapy?
van den Hoogen, L. L., & Bisoendial, R. J. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12010018 · Cited by 22
“However, as IgM class aPL is only weakly associated with thrombotic events [3], the importance of this finding is unknown.”
BackgroundGehlen, R., Vandevelde, A., de Laat, B., & Devreese, K. M. J. (2023) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2023.1075121 · Cited by 23
Overview and assessment of risk factors for pulmonary embolism
Hoo, G. W. S. (2013) · Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1586/ers.13.7 · Cited by 21
The diagnosis and classification of autoimmune coagulopathy: An updated review
Chang, H., & Chiang, B. (2014) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.032 · Cited by 21
Characterization of antiphospholipid antibodies in chronic hepatitis B infection
Huh, J. Y., Yi, D. Y., Hwang, S. G., et al. (2011) · The Korean Journal of Hematology · doi:10.5045/kjh.2011.46.1.36 · Cited by 21
“According to a previous report [27], IgM aPLs are associated with the clinical manifestations of APS less often than the IgG isotype is, and the diagnostic criteria for APS include only a medium or high titer of aCL Ab (>40 GPL or MPL) [28].”
BackgroundZhu, L., Li, C., Liu, N., Yang, X., Jia, R., Mu, R., Su, Y., & Li, Z. (2017) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-016-3498-0 · Cited by 21
“The presence of conventional aPL antibodies are strongly associated with the main clinical manifestations of APS, of which LA activity was clearly correlated with thrombosis [2], and aβ2GPI exhibits a high specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis of APS.”
BackgroundSantamaría, J. R., Badziak, D., de Barros, M. F., Mandelli, F. L., Cavalin, L. C., & Sato, M. S. (2005) · Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia · doi:10.1590/s0365-05962005000300002 · Cited by 22
“Estudos recentes sugerem que a ocorrência da síndrome antifosfolípide em pacientes com LES é de 34% a 42%.(13) Em um estudo de 100 pacientes com trombose venosa sem história de LES, 24% tinham anticorpo anticardiolipina, e 4%, anticoagulante lúpico.”
BackgroundLupus Anticoagulant Testing: Diluted Russell Viper Venom Time (dRVVT)
Pengo, V., Bison, E., Banzato, A., Zoppellaro, G., Jose, S. P., & Denas, G. (2017) · Methods in Molecular Biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7196-1_14 · Cited by 21
Martinelli, I., Passamonti, S. M., & Bucciarelli, P. (2013) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-4087-0.00071-1 · Cited by 21
de Vries, A. P. J., Veeger, N. J. G. M., van Son, W. J., et al. (2007) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th07-05-0340 · Cited by 21
“Since elevated levels of factor VIII, and sVCAM-1, and lupus anticoagulant are all associated with an increased risk of venous thrombosis [14-16], and, obviously, all recipients require prolonged immunosuppressive therapy, active CMV infection might increase this risk indirectly.”
BackgroundKoskenmies, S., Vaarala, O., Widén, E., et al. (2004) · Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.1080/03009740410005386 · Cited by 21
Circulating microparticles, lupus anticoagulant and recurrent miscarriages
Alijotas‐Reig, J., Palacio, C., & Vilardell‐Tarrés, M. (2009) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2009.04.002 · Cited by 21
Wong, R. C. W., Wilson, R. J., Pollock, W., Steele, R. H., & Gillis, D. (2004) · Pathology · doi:10.1080/00313020410001672046 · Cited by 21
Favaloro, E. J., Wong, R. C. W., Jovanovich, S., & Roberts-Thomson, P. J. (2007) · American Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1309/l78kj01chqm4mk37 · Cited by 21
Management of Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome
Lim, W., & Crowther, M. A. (2008) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444300857.ch21 · Cited by 21
Antiphospholipid scoring: significance in diagnosis and prognosis
Oku, K., Amengual, O., & Atsumi, T. (2014) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203314537361 · Cited by 20
Erkan, D., Sciascia, S., Bertolaccini, M. L., Cohen, H., ANDRADE, D. C. O. D., Atsumi, T., Gerosa, M., Petri, M., Roubey, R. A. S., & Tektonidou, M. G. (2021) · Current Rheumatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11926-021-01008-8 · Cited by 20
“on criteria aPL tests; LA test carries the highest risk for thrombosis among all aPL tests [37] and the occurrence of”
BackgroundTreatment of the antiphospholipid syndrome
Galli, M. (2013) · Autoimmunity Highlights · doi:10.1007/s13317-013-0056-5 · Cited by 38
“Systematic reviews have consistently reported that LA is a stronger risk factor than aCL and antib2-GPI for both arterial and venous thrombosis and obstetric complications [28–30].”
BackgroundSelf-citationDhibar, D. P., Sahu, K. K., Varma, S. C., et al. (2016) · Journal of Cardiology Cases · doi:10.1016/j.jccase.2016.07.005 · Cited by 20
“There is increased risk of intra-cardiac thrombosis in APS with SLE, LA and high levels of aCL antibody [5].”
BackgroundLipid peroxidation as risk factor for endothelial dysfunction in antiphospholipid syndrome patients
Stanisavljević, N., Stojanovich, L., Marisavljević, D., Djoković, A., Dopsaj, V., Kotur‐Stevuljević, J., Martinović, J., Memon, L., Radovanović, S., Todic, B., et al. (2016) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-016-3369-8 · Cited by 20
“As in literature data, LA in our APS patients showed to be the strongest risk factor for venous thrombosis [29, 30].”
Patsouras, M., Karagianni, P., Kogionou, P., et al. (2019) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2019.05.001 · Cited by 20
Hu, C., Li, S., Xie, Z., You, H., Jiang, H., Shi, Y., Qi, W., Zhao, J., Wang, Q., Tian, X., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.741369 · Cited by 20
Therapeutic Approaches to Secondary Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Bussel, J. B. (2009) · Seminars in Hematology · doi:10.1053/j.seminhematol.2008.12.003 · Cited by 20
Thrombophilia–hypofibrinolysis and atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease ≤ age 45 years
Glueck, C. J., Munjal, J., Aregawi, D., Agloria, M., Winiarska, M., Khalil, Q., & Wang, P. (2007) · Translational research · doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2007.03.005 · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- Galli, M., Luciani, D., Bertolini, G., & Barbui, T.
- Affiliations
- From the Division of Hematology, Ospedali Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy; and Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Mario Negri Institute, Ranica (Bergamo), Italy.
- Venue
- Blood
- Publisher
- American Society of Hematology
- Published
- 2003-03-01
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1827-1832
- ISSN
- 0006-4971 (ISSN-L)
- 1528-0020
- OpenAlex
- W2044043417
- Cited by
- 972
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 50
- FWCI
- 8.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Blood (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Blood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis
- Keywords
- lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies, antiphospholipid syndrome, thrombosis, arterial thrombosis, venous thrombosis, thrombosis risk factors, systemic lupus erythematosus, antibody titers
- MeSH terms
- Arterial Occlusive Diseases, Autoantigens, Autoimmune Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Glycoproteins, Humans, Myocardial Infarction, Prospective Studies, Prothrombin, Research Design, Risk Factors, Thrombosis, Confidence Intervals, Odds Ratio, Case-Control Studies, Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor, Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Antibodies, Anticardiolipin, Thrombophilia, Venous Thrombosis, Stroke, beta 2-Glycoprotein I
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