The DOI matches its Crossref record; 64 of the 66 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Lupus anticoagulants are stronger risk factors for thrombosis than anticardiolipin antibodies in the antiphospholipid syndrome: a systematic review of the literature
Abstract
To formally establish the risk of lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin antibodies for arterial and venous thrombosis, we ran a MEDLINE search of the literature from 1988 to 2000. Studies were selected for their case-control (11), prospective (9), cross-sectional (3), and ambispective (2) design. They provided or enabled us to calculate the odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) of lupus anticoagulants and/or anticardiolipin antibodies for thrombosis in 4184 patients and 3151 controls. Studies were grouped according to the antibody investigated. Five studies compared lupus anticoagulants with anticardiolipin antibodies: the odds ratio with 95% CI of lupus anticoagulants for thrombosis was always significant. None of them found anticardiolipin antibodies were associated with thrombosis. Four studies analyzed only lupus anticoagulants: the odds ratio with 95% CI was always significant. The risk of lupus anticoagulants was independent of the site and type of thrombosis, the presence of systemic lupus erythematosus, and the coagulation tests employed to detect them. Sixteen studies served to assess 28 associations between anticardiolipin antibodies and thrombosis: the odds ratio with 95% CI was significant in 15 cases. Anticardiolipin titer correlated with the odds ratio of thrombosis. In conclusion, the detection of lupus anticoagulants and, possibly, of immunoglobulin G (IgG) anticardiolipin antibodies at medium or high titers helps to identify patients at risk for thrombosis. However, to take full advantage of the conclusions provided by the available evidence, there is an urgent need to harmonize investigational methods.
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In the citing paper
“These results confirm and validate several previous reports that have implicated these antibodies in the pathogenesis of APS [9, 10, 12, 13, 29, 30], but they also add to the growing body of evidence that shows inconsistent associations between aPL-associated autoantibodies and anamnestic thrombotic risk [3, 16].”
From Cardiovascular risk factors are major determinants of thrombotic risk in patients with the lupus anticoagulant (2017) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“It is now clear that LA positivity is associated with TEs.22”
From Incidence of a first thromboembolic event in asymptomatic carriers of high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile: a multicenter prospective study (2011) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“It is well known that LA positivity is more strongly associated with both arterial and venous thrombosis than either aCL or anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies [8, 9].”
From Antiphospholipid patterns predict risk of thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (2021) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“Large studies found that IgM aCL and IgM anti-β2-glycoprotein I are not associated with thrombotic events [9–13].”
From Antiphospholipid patterns predict risk of thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (2021) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“Similarly, in a systematic review, aCL IgM was not predictive for thrombosis [9].”
From Antiphospholipid patterns predict risk of thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (2021) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“In most studies, it has been shown that in SLE, LA is the main predictor of thrombosis [9, 27–29].”
From Antiphospholipid patterns predict risk of thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (2021) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“Patients with persistent aPL with or without APS are at increased risk of future thrombotic events, LA positivity having the strongest association with these events.3”
From Lupus anticoagulant test persistence over time and its associations with future thrombotic events (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Patients with persistent aPL with or without APS are at increased risk of future thrombotic events, LA positivity having the strongest association with these events.3”
From Lupus anticoagulant test persistence over time and its associations with future thrombotic events (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Additional antibodies, most notably anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) and anti–glycoprotein-I antibodies (aβ2GPI), were later identified and associated with thrombosis and recurrent spontaneous abortions.2-4”
From Lupus anticoagulant test persistence over time and its associations with future thrombotic events (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Notably, most prior efforts to risk-stratify patients for future thrombotic events have used the patients’ aPL status from the first measurement or early in the observation period and have not analyzed changes over time.3,7,8”
From Lupus anticoagulant test persistence over time and its associations with future thrombotic events (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“This contention is supported by meta-analyses showing that the presence of aCL and ab2GPI alone are poorly associated with thromboembolic events [6,7].”
From Clinical course of high‐risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome (2010) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Although a positive LAC is considered to be a strong risk factor for thrombosis in APS, 10,11”
From Clinical Relevance of Isolated Lupus Anticoagulant Positivity in Patients with Thrombotic Antiphospholipid Syndrome (2021) · cites this paper as [10]
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Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 966
Antiphospholipid Antibody-Associated Chorea
Orzechowski, N. M., Wolanskyj, A. P., Ahlskog, J. E., Kumar, N., & Moder, K. G. (2008) · The Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.3899/jrheum.080268 · Cited by 78
Moulis, G., Audemard‐Verger, A., Arnaud, L., Luxembourger, C., Montastruc, F., Găman, A. M., Svenungsson, E., Ruggeri, M., Mahévas, M., Gerfaud‐Valentin, M., et al. (2015) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2015.11.001 · Cited by 79
Martinez-Berriotxoa, A., Ruiz-Irastorza, G., Egurbide, M.-V., Garmendia, M., Gabriel Erdozain, J., Villar, I., & Aguirre, C. (2007) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203307083316 · Cited by 76
Meroni, P. L., Peyvandi, F., Foco, L., Bernardinelli, L., Fetiveau, R., Mannucci, P. M., & Tincani, A. (2007) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02763.x · Cited by 77
Pengo, V., Biasiolo, A., Bison, E., Chantarangkul, V., & Tripodi, A. (2006) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2006.07.014 · Cited by 77
Favaloro, E. J., & Wong, R. C. W. (2014) · Pathology · doi:10.1097/pat.0000000000000142 · Cited by 75
“The hypothesis is also supported by the observation that a positive result in the ab2GPI assay (which is theoretically more ‘specific’ but less ‘sensitive’ than aCL for APS), is more strongly associated with clinical features of APS such as thrombosis, than a positive result in the standard aCL assay.(21,22) On the ot…”
ResultReal world experience with antiphospholipid antibody tests: how stable are results over time?
Erkan, D., Derksen, W. J. M., Kaplan, V, Sammaritano, L., Pierangeli, S. S., Roubey, R., & Lockshin, M. D. (2005) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.2004.031856 · Cited by 76
“studies showing that a positive LA test is more commonly associated with thrombosis than is aCL (14), and that dual positivity of aCL and LA test is more commonly associated with thrombosis than is single positivity of aCL or LA test (15).”
BackgroundCurrent insight into diagnostics and pathophysiology of the antiphospolipid syndrome
Urbanus, R. T., Derksen, R. H. W. M., & de Groot, P. G. (2007) · Blood Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.blre.2007.09.001 · Cited by 76
Thrombophilia and Venous Thromboembolism: Implications for Testing
Cohn, D., Roshani, S., & Middeldorp, S. (2007) · Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis · doi:10.1055/s-2007-985753 · Cited by 75
“The presence of lupus anticoagulant, however, is associated with a 5- to 16fold increased risk for VTE.(49) IMPLICATIONS OF TESTING FOR THROMBOPHILIA Given that, at present, a thrombophilic defect can be demonstrated in more than 50% of the patients who present with a VTE, the tendency to test patients for thrombophil…”
BackgroundInfluentialNAESS, I. A., CHRISTIANSEN, S. C., CANNEGIETER, S. C., ROSENDAAL, F. R., & HAMMERSTROEM, J. (2006) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01691.x · Cited by 74
Detection of lupus anticoagulant in the era of direct oral anticoagulants
Hoxha, A., Banzato, A., Ruffatti, A., & Pengo, V. (2016) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2016.12.010 · Cited by 74
Pregnolato, F., Gerosa, M., Raimondo, M. G., Comerio, C., Bartoli, F., Lonati, P. A., Borghi, M. O., Acaia, B., Ossola, M. W., Ferrazzi, E. M., et al. (2020) · Rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keaa203 · Cited by 76
Yelnik, C. M., Urbanski, G., Drumez, E., Sobanski, V, Maillard, H., Lanteri, A., Morell-Dubois, S., Caron, C., Dubucquoi, S., Launay, D., et al. (2017) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203316657433 · Cited by 73
Antiphospholipid syndrome and recurrent miscarriage: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Santos, T. D. S., Ieque, A. L., de Carvalho, H. C., Sell, A. M., Lonardoni, M. V. C., Demarchi, I. G., Neto, Q. A. D. L., & Teixeira, J. J. V. (2017) · Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jri.2017.09.007 · Cited by 76
Gebhart, J., Posch, F., Koder, S., Perkmann, T., Quehenberger, P., Zoghlami, C., Ay, C., & Pabinger, I. (2015) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2014-11-611129 · Cited by 77
“This difference might be due to the inclusion of LA-positive patients only, as LA is thought to carry the highest risk for thrombosis among all aPLAs.(26,27) Furthermore, we also included patients without previous thrombotic manifestations and thus also without anticoagulant treatment.”
BackgroundA Comprehensive Review of Risk Factors and Thrombophilia Evaluation in Venous Thromboembolism
Dicks, A. B., Moussallem, E., Stanbro, M. D., Walls, J., Gandhi, S. S., & Gray, B. H. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13020362 · Cited by 79
“Amongst the antibodies, LAC is associated with this highest risk of VTE, with increasing risk with each subsequent positive antibody [117].”
BackgroundJerrard-Dunne, P., Evans, A., McGovern, R., Hajat, C., Kalra, L., Rudd, A., Wolfe, C., & Markus, H. (2003) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000083049.65008.5f · Cited by 75
“Diabetes, n (%) 4 (8) 7 (14) 6 (12) 19 (38)* 3 (10) 8 (28)”
Autoantibodies Directed Against Domain I of Beta2-Glycoprotein I
de Laat, B., & de Groot, P. G. (2010) · Current Rheumatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11926-010-0144-8 · Cited by 72
“Of these assays, the one that detects lupus anticoagulant is regarded as best correlated with thrombosis, but the proper detection of lupus anticoagulant depends heavily on the proper processing of the blood and the quality of the plasma [4].”
BackgroundThrombophilic risk factors for symptomatic peripheral arterial disease
Sofi, F., Lari, B., Rogolino, A. A., Marcucci, R., Pratesi, G., Dorigo, W., Pratesi, C., Gensini, G. F., Abbate, R., & Prisco, D. (2005) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2004.11.015 · Cited by 70
Jy, W., Tiede, M. P., Bidot, C., Horstman, L. L., Jimenez, J. J., Chirinos, J. A., & Ahn, Y. S. (2007) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2007.04.014 · Cited by 70
“Others have shown that LAC is more strongly associated with thrombosis than ELISA-based APLA assays [52,53].”
BackgroundInfluence of age at disease onset in the outcome of paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus
Descloux, É., Durieu, I., Cochat, P., Vital-Durand, D., Ninet, J., Fabien, N., & Cimaz, R. (2009) · Rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kep067 · Cited by 73
Primary thrombosis prophylaxis in antiphospholipid antibody-positive patients: where do we stand?
Barbhaiya, M., & Erkan, D. (2011) · Current Rheumatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11926-010-0149-3 · Cited by 69
Antiphospholipid antibodies predict early damage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Ruiz‐Irastorza, G., Egurbide, M.-V., Martínez-Berriotxoa, A., Ugalde, J. M., & Aguirre, C. (2004) · Lupus · doi:10.1191/0961203304lu2030oa · Cited by 70
Simoncini, S. (2005) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxh229 · Cited by 69
Radin, M., Cecchi, I., Roccatello, D., Meroni, P. L., & Sciascia, S. (2017) · Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis · doi:10.1055/s-0037-1603936 · Cited by 70
Gender and Ocular Manifestations of Connective Tissue Diseases and Systemic Vasculitides
Choudhary, M. M., Hajj‐Ali, R. A., & Lowder, C. Y. (2014) · Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1155/2014/403042 · Cited by 66
“Significant vision loss as well as increased mortality has been reported in patients with severe retinal vasculitis [32, 33].”
BackgroundIncreased anticardiolipin antibody IgG titers do not predict recurrent stroke or TIA in children
Lanthier, S., Kirkham, F. J., Mitchell, L. G., Laxer, R. M., Atenafu, E. G., Male, C., Prengler, M., Domi, T., Chan, A. K. C., Liesner, R. J., et al. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.62.2.194 · Cited by 66
Antiphospholipid antibodies in lymphoma: prevalence and clinical significance
Pusterla, S., Previtali, S., Marziali, S., Cortelazzo, S., Rossi, A., Barbui, T., & Galli, M. (2004) · The Hematology Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.thj.6200377 · Cited by 66
Self-citationDelineating the deranged immune system in the antiphospholipid syndrome
van den Hoogen, L. L., van Roon, J. A. G., Radstake, T. R. D. J., Fritsch-Stork, R. D. E., & Derksen, R. H. W. M. (2015) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2015.08.011 · Cited by 66
Other Immune Thrombocytopenias
Liebman, H. A. (2007) · Seminars in Hematology · doi:10.1053/j.seminhematol.2007.11.004 · Cited by 64
The treatment of anti-phospholipid syndrome: A comprehensive clinical approach
Chighizola, C. B., Andréoli, L., Gerosa, M., Tincani, A., Ruffatti, A., & Meroni, P. L. (2018) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2018.02.003 · Cited by 66
“IgG isotype is historically regarded as more meaningful compared to IgM, with some authors even advocating the exclusion of IgM from APS classification criteria [111].”
BackgroundTripodi, A., Biasiolo, A., Chantarangkul, V., & Pengo, V. (2003) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/49.10.1608 · Cited by 65
Amengual, O., Forastiero, R. R., Sugiura‐Ogasawara, M., Otomo, K., Oku, K., Favas, C., Alves, J. D., Žigon, P., Ambrožič, A., Tomšič, M., et al. (2016) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203316660203 · Cited by 63
Pregnancy after liver transplantation: Report of 8 new cases and review of the literature
Framarino‐dei‐Malatesta, M., Rossi, M., Rocca, B., et al. (2006) · Transplant Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.trim.2006.01.001 · Cited by 64
New Tests to Detect Antiphospholipid Antibodies: Anti-Domain I Beta-2-Glycoprotein-I Antibodies
Chighizola, C. B., Gerosa, M., & Meroni, P. L. (2014) · Current Rheumatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11926-013-0402-7 · Cited by 64
“This observation fits well with the documented strong association between anti-DI antibodies and a positive LA test, which is the most powerful predictor of clinical events in APS [42].”
ResultThe anticardiolipin assay is required for sensitive screening for antiphospholipid antibodies
Nash, M. J., Camilleri, R. S., Kunka, S., Mackie, I. J., Machin, S. J., & Cohen, H. (2004) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2004.00810.x · Cited by 64
Nojima, J., Iwatani, Y., Suehisa, E., et al. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 63
Consensus guidelines on anti-cardiolipin antibody testing and reporting
Wong, R. C. W., Gillis, D., Adelstein, S., Baumgart, K. W., Favaloro, E. J., Hendle, M. J., Homes, P., Pollock, W., Smith, S., Steele, R. H., et al. (2004) · Pathology · doi:10.1080/00313020310001643615 · Cited by 63
“Furthermore, in seven studies reviewed with available data for different levels of aCL positivity, the level of aCL was positively correlated with the odds ratio of thrombosis.(16) As demonstrated in a survey of laboratories enrolled for aCL testing in the RCPA QAP Immunology Program.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialCorrect laboratory approach to APS diagnosis and monitoring
Pengo, V., Banzato, A., Denas, G., Jose, S. P., Bison, E., Hoxha, A., & Ruffatti, A. (2013) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2012.11.008 · Cited by 62
“Previous studies, as well as themeta analysis by Galli [2] demonstrated that LA is associated with thrombosis, but the sole positivity for LA (with negative aCL and anti beta2GPI) was not taken into consideration.”
BackgroundResultBonar, R. A., Lippi, G., & Favaloro, E. J. (2017) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7196-1_1 · Cited by 61
Risk of venous thromboembolism in rheumatoid arthritis
Ketfi, C., Boutigny, A., Mohamedi, N., Bouajil, S., Magnan, B., Amah, G., & Dillinger, J. (2020) · Joint Bone Spine · doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2020.105122 · Cited by 64
Comellas-Kirkerup, L., Hernández‐Molina, G., & Cabral, A. R. (2010) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2010-05-283507 · Cited by 61
Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome
Antovič, A., Sennström, M., Bremme, K. A., & Svenungsson, E. (2018) · Lupus Science & Medicine · doi:10.1136/lupus-2016-000197 · Cited by 67
Khamashta, M. A., Taraborelli, M., Sciascia, S., & Tincani, A. (2016) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1016/j.berh.2016.04.002 · Cited by 66
“Available studies suggest that LA is the single aPL most strongly related to thrombosis [5].”
Guidelines on the investigation and management of antiphospholipid syndrome
Arachchillage, D. J., Platton, S., Hickey, K. P., Chu, J., Pickering, M. C., Sommerville, P., MacCallum, P., & Breen, K. A. (2024) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/bjh.19635 · Cited by 77
“42,49 There are stronger associations of thrombosis with IgG than with IgM antibodies 71,72 and of pregnancy morbidity with IgM antibodies.”
Antiphospholipid antibodies and thrombosis: strength of association
Galli, M., & Barbui, T. (2003) · The Hematology Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.thj.6200206 · Cited by 61
Self-citationBen‐Menachem, E. (2010) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e3181e8138e · Cited by 60
Nojima, J., Kuratsune, H., Suehisa, E., Iwatani, Y., & Kanakura, Y. (2005) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2004.043414 · Cited by 59
“Recent reports indicated that the presence of LA activity is the strongest risk factor for thromboembolic events in patients with SLE (33, 34).”
BackgroundArachchillage, D. J., Mackie, I. J., Efthymiou, M., Isenberg, D. A., Machin, S. J., & Cohen, H. (2015) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.12917 · Cited by 60
Definitions of and contributions to cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus
Gustafsson, J. T., & Svenungsson, E. (2013) · Autoimmunity · doi:10.3109/08916934.2013.856005 · Cited by 59
Antiphospholipid-Related Chorea
Peluso, S., Antenora, A., Rosa, A. D., Roca, A., Maddaluno, G., Morra, V. B., & Michele, G. D. (2012) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2012.00150 · Cited by 58
“As a functional test, LAC is the most powerful predictor of pathology in APS (Galli et al., 2003).”
BackgroundChighizola, C. B., Andréoli, L., de Jesús, G. R., Banzato, A., Pons‐Estel, G., & Erkan, D. (2015) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203315572714 · Cited by 59
Kuratsune, H., Suehisa, E., Kitani, T., Iwatani, Y., Kanakura, Y., & Nojima, J. (2004) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th03-10-0608 · Cited by 58
“They are associated with clinical events such as arterial and/or venous thromboembolic complications and obstetric complications (3-10).”
BackgroundWitmer, C. M., Steenhoff, A. P., Shah, S. S., & Raffini, L. J. (2006) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2006-1340 · Cited by 59
Cofactor‐independent human antiphospholipid antibodies induce venous thrombosis in mice
Manukyan, D., Müller‐Calleja, N., Jäckel, S., Luchmann, K., Mönnikes, R., Kiouptsi, K., Reinhardt, C., Jurk, K., Walter, U., & Lackner, K. J. (2016) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.13263 · Cited by 58
Acute myocardial infarction and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
Nazir, S., Tachamo, N., Lohani, S., Hingorani, R., Poudel, D. R., & Donato, A. A. (2017) · Coronary Artery Disease · doi:10.1097/mca.0000000000000476 · Cited by 59
Hoxha, A., Mattia, E., Tonello, M., Grava, C., Pengo, V., & Ruffatti, A. (2016) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2016-0638 · Cited by 57
“LAC, is the most important laboratory criterion for APS classification because it is considered a strong risk factor for thrombosis and foetal loss [29].”
BackgroundAutoantibody Panel Screening in Recurrent Miscarriages
Marai, I., CARP, H. J. A., Shai, S., Shabo, R., Fishman, G., & Shoenfeld, Y. (2004) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.2004.00153.x · Cited by 57
“Galli et al.(35) have reported that ab2GP1 assay is not per se considered well standardized, so more studies are warranted to determine the relation between aCL and ab2GP1.”
BackgroundLaboratory detection of the antiphospholipid syndrome via calibrated automated thrombography
Devreese, K. M. J., Peerlinck, K., Arnout, J., & Hoylaerts, M. (2008) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th08-06-0393 · Cited by 57
“In relation to their thrombogenic risk, the assessment of LAC-activity is the best test in the detection of antiphospholipid antibodies (27).”
BackgroundAntiphospholipid antibodies: Evaluation of the thrombotic risk
Devreese, K. M. J. (2012) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2012.08.270 · Cited by 56
“LAC is regarded as the strongest risk factor for thrombosis as demonstrated in many studies and often based on the review of Galli et al [25].”
BackgroundInfluentialRobertson, B. J., Urquhart, C., Ford, I., Townend, J., Watson, H. G., Vickers, M. A., & Greaves, M. (2007) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02626.x · Cited by 75
Thrombotic manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome in patients with malignancies
Miesbach, W., Scharrer, I., & Asherson, R. A. (2006) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-005-0181-2 · Cited by 56
“In general, LAC antibodies are more specific for the antiphospholipid syndrome, whereas aCL antibodies are more sensitive to aPL in patients with APS [4].”
BackgroundCOVID-19 and Antiphospholipid Antibodies: Time for a Reality Check?
Favaloro, E. J., Henry, B. M., & Lippi, G. (2021) · Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis · doi:10.1055/s-0041-1728832 · Cited by 55
Associations of Antiphospholipid Antibodies With Splanchnic Vein Thrombosis
Qi, X., Stefano, V. D., Su, C., Bai, M., Guo, X., & Fan, D. (2015) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000000496 · Cited by 56
Gerhardsson, J., Sundelin, B., Zickert, A., Padyukov, L., Svenungsson, E., & Gunnarsson, I. (2015) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0614-5 · Cited by 55
“LA detects aPL, which are capable of prolonging in vitro coagulation assays [3,8,9], and has been shown to be more closely related to clinical symptoms than positive ELISA tests [1,10].”
BackgroundVariability of anti-beta2 glycoprotein I antibodies measurement by commercial assays.
Reber, G., Tincani, A., Sanmarco, M., et al. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 55
Antiphospholipid syndrome: An evolving story
Robertson, B. J., & Greaves, M. (2006) · Blood Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.blre.2005.12.001 · Cited by 54
Current insights in obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome
Schreiber, K. I., Radin, M., & Sciascia, S. (2017) · Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/gco.0000000000000406 · Cited by 53
Mazetto, B. D. M., Hounkpe, B. W., Saraiva, S. D. S., Vieira‐Damiani, G., dos Santos, A. P. R., Jacintho, B. C., Vaz, C. D. O., Mesquita, G. L. T. V., Annichino‐Bizzacchi, J. M., Paula, E. V. D., et al. (2022) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2022.05.001 · Cited by 54
Thrombosis and the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Ortel, T. L. (2005) · Hematology · doi:10.1182/asheducation-2005.1.462 · Cited by 53
Risk factors for arterial thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome
Matyja‐Bednarczyk, A., Swadźba, J., Iwaniec, T., Sanak, M., Dziedzina, S., Ćmiel, A., & Musiał, J. (2013) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2013.11.012 · Cited by 54
Hughes Syndrome, the Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A New Chapter in Neurology
Sanna, G., Bertolaccini, M. L., & Hughes, G. R. V. (2005) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1361.088 · Cited by 53
Thrombosis in women: what are the knowledge gaps in 2013?
Middeldorp, S. (2013) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.12266 · Cited by 50
What nephrologists need to know about antiphospholipid syndrome
Alchi, B., Griffiths, M. H. G., & Jayne, D. R. W. (2010) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfq356 · Cited by 51
Bała, M. M., Celińska‐Löwenhoff, M., Szot, W., Padjas, A., Kaczmarczyk, M., Świerz, M. J., & Undas, A. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012169.pub2 · Cited by 53
Vikerfors, A., Johansson, A.-B., Gustafsson, J. T., Jonsen, A., Leonard, D., Zickert, A., Nordmark, G., Sturfelt, G., Bengtsson, A., Ronnblom, L., et al. (2013) · Rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kes252 · Cited by 51
de Laat, B., Derksen, R. H. W. M., Reber, G., Musiał, J., Swadźba, J., Božič, B., Čučnik, S., Regnault, V., Forastiero, R. R., Woodhams, B. J., et al. (2010) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04068.x · Cited by 49
The Role of Complement Inhibition in Thrombotic Angiopathies and Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Erkan, D., & Salmon, J. E. (2016) · Turkish Journal of Hematology · doi:10.4274/tjh.2015.0197 · Cited by 52
“Whereas a positive lupus anticoagulant (LA) test is a better predictor of thrombosis than aCL and aβ2GPI, falsepositive and false-negative LA tests can occur for patients on anticoagulation [22].”
BackgroundMa, J., Song, H., Wei, M., & He, Y. (2017) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-017-3776-5 · Cited by 51
Clinical laboratory testing for the antiphospholipid syndrome
Pierangeli, S. S., & Harris, E. N. (2005) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cccn.2005.02.002 · Cited by 49
Pulmonary disease in systemic lupus erythematosus and the antiphospholpid syndrome
Paran, D., Fireman, E. M., & Elkayam, O. (2003) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/s1568-9972(03)00090-9 · Cited by 51
Vandevelde, A., Chayouâ, W., de Laat, B., Moore, G. W., Musiał, J., Zuily, S., Wahl, D. G., & Devreese, K. M. J. (2022) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.15785 · Cited by 52
What is antiphospholipid syndrome?
Erkan, D., & Lockshin, M. D. (2004) · Current Rheumatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11926-004-0024-1 · Cited by 50
A critical assessment of the role of antiphospholipid antibodies in infertility
Buckingham, K., & Chamley, L. (2009) · Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jri.2008.11.005 · Cited by 50
Favaloro, E., Bonar, R., & Marsden, K. (2012) · Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis · doi:10.1055/s-0032-1311993 · Cited by 49
Rand, J. H. (2007) · Hematology · doi:10.1182/asheducation-2007.1.136 · Cited by 49
“4 (Figure 1).(24) A positive LAC is consistently associated with increased risks for arterial and venous events and is more predictive than ELISA-based assays.”
BackgroundPengo, V., Biasiolo, A., Gresele, P., Marongiu, F., Erba, N., Veschi, F., Ghirarduzzi, A., Barcellona, D., & Tripodi, A. (2007) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.107.153536 · Cited by 49
The Lupus Anticoagulant Paradox
Molhoek, J. E., de Groot, P. G., & Urbanus, R. T. (2017) · Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis · doi:10.1055/s-0037-1606190 · Cited by 50
Chayouâ, W., Kelchtermans, H., Moore, G. W., Gris, J., Musiał, J., Wahl, D. G., Zuily, S., Gianniello, F., Fontana, P., Remijn, J. A., et al. (2019) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1055/s-0039-1679901 · Cited by 51
Cohen, H., Mackie, I. J., & Devreese, K. M. J. (2019) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.14560 · Cited by 48
Sciascia, S., Baldovino, S., Schreiber, K. I., Solfietti, L., Radin, M., Cuadrado, M. J., Menegatti, E., Erkan, D., & Roccatello, D. (2016) · Clinical and Molecular Allergy · doi:10.1186/s12948-016-0043-2 · Cited by 48
“4 aCL in turn was never associated with arterial or venous thrombotic events [54].”
BackgroundThe obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome
Derksen, R. H. W. M., & de Groot, P. G. (2007) · Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jri.2006.12.003 · Cited by 50
Do we need screening for thrombophilia prior to kidney transplantation?
Andrassy, J. (2004) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfh1045 · Cited by 49
Wong, R. C. W., Favaloro, E. J., Pollock, W., et al. (2004) · Pathology · doi:10.1080/00313020410001672037 · Cited by 48
Anti-beta 2 glycoprotein I antibodies in centenarians
Meroni, P. L., Mari, D., Monti, D., Coppola, R., Capri, M., Salvioli, S., Tincani, A., Gerli, R., & Franceschi, C. (2004) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2004.08.003 · Cited by 48
“Actually, it is widely accepted that LA does represent the strongest risk factor for thrombotic events in APS while medium/high aCL titers are closer associated with clinical events than low titres (Levine et al., 2002; Galli et al., 2003).”
BackgroundPengo, V., Ruffatti, A., Tonello, M., Hoxha, A., Bison, E., Denas, G., Padayattil Jose, S., Zoppellaro, G., Bracco, A., & Banzato, A. (2015) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2015.04.031 · Cited by 47
“However, LA is still regarded as the strongest risk factor for thrombosis as demonstrated in many studies and the review of Galli et al [3].”
BackgroundRisk of venous thromboembolism in autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive review
Menichelli, D., Cormaci, V. M., Marucci, S., Franchino, G., Sole, F. D., Capozza, A., Fallarino, A., Valeriani, E., Violi, F., Pignatelli, P., et al. (2023) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103447 · Cited by 52
An approach to the patient with retiform purpura
Wysong, A. S., & Venkatesan, P. (2011) · Dermatologic Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2011.01392.x · Cited by 45
“ELISA for ACA and antibody testing for b2-GpI is recommended (39,42).”
BackgroundInfluentialAntiphospholipid antibodies — We are not quite there yet
Urbanus, R. T., & de Groot, P. G. (2011) · Blood Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.blre.2010.12.001 · Cited by 48
Managing lupus patients during pregnancy
Ruiz‐Irastorza, G., & Khamashta, M. A. (2009) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1016/j.berh.2009.04.004 · Cited by 47
Metadata
- Authors
- Galli, M., Luciani, D., Bertolini, G., & Barbui, T.
- Affiliations
- From the Division of Hematology, Ospedali Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy; and Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Mario Negri Institute, Ranica (Bergamo), Italy.
- Venue
- Blood
- Publisher
- American Society of Hematology
- Published
- 2003-03-01
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1827-1832
- ISSN
- 0006-4971 (ISSN-L)
- 1528-0020
- OpenAlex
- W2044043417
- Cited by
- 972
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 50
- FWCI
- 8.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Blood (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Blood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis
- Keywords
- lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies, antiphospholipid syndrome, thrombosis, arterial thrombosis, venous thrombosis, thrombosis risk factors, systemic lupus erythematosus, antibody titers
- MeSH terms
- Arterial Occlusive Diseases, Autoantigens, Autoimmune Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Glycoproteins, Humans, Myocardial Infarction, Prospective Studies, Prothrombin, Research Design, Risk Factors, Thrombosis, Confidence Intervals, Odds Ratio, Case-Control Studies, Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor, Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Antibodies, Anticardiolipin, Thrombophilia, Venous Thrombosis, Stroke, beta 2-Glycoprotein I
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