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Hepcidin in the diagnosis of iron disorders
Open accessAbstract
The discovery of the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin in 2001 has revolutionized our understanding of iron disorders, and its measurement should advance diagnosis/treatment of these conditions. Although several assays have been developed, a gold standard is still lacking, and efforts toward harmonization are ongoing. Nevertheless, promising applications can already be glimpsed, ranging from the use of hepcidin levels for diagnosing iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia to global health applications such as guiding safe iron supplementation in developing countries with high infection burden.
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In the citing paper
“Hepcidin expression is inhibited by iron deficiency, expansion of erythropoiesis, anemia/hypoxia, testosterone and possibly other factors.1,47”
From Iron metabolism and iron disorders revisited in the hepcidin era (2020) · cites this paper as [47]
In the citing paper
“However, besides being subject to circadian oscillations, hepcidin levels change rapidly in response to activating and inhibitory signals, making their measurement useful in only a limited number of conditions.47”
From Iron metabolism and iron disorders revisited in the hepcidin era (2020) · cites this paper as [47]
In the citing paper
“The expression of hepcidin in the liver is transcriptionally controlled by bone morphogenic proteins (BMP)- SMAD mediated signaling cascades which are regulated by different factors such as iron deficiency, iron overload, hypoxia, inflammation, infection, and hormones (Girelli et al., 2016; Silvestri et al., 2019).”
From The Role of Iron Regulation in Immunometabolism and Immune-Related Disease (2019) · cites this paper as Girelli et al., 2016
In the citing paper
“Regulation of hepcidin expression is mainly accomplished at the transcriptional level, and expression of the protein is induced by iron loading and inflammation, whereas it is reduced by hypoxia, active erythropoiesis, hormones and low plasma iron concentrations [148,149].”
From Iron in immune cell function and host defense (2021) · cites this paper as [149]
In the citing paper
“Regulation of hepcidin expression is mainly accomplished at the transcriptional level, and expression of the protein is induced by iron loading and inflammation, whereas it is reduced by hypoxia, active erythropoiesis, hormones and low plasma iron concentrations [148,149].”
From Iron in immune cell function and host defense (2021) · cites this paper as [149]
In the citing paper
“Regulation of hepcidin expression is mainly accomplished at the transcriptional level, and expression of the protein is induced by iron loading and inflammation, whereas it is reduced by hypoxia, active erythropoiesis, hormones and low plasma iron concentrations [148,149].”
From Iron in immune cell function and host defense (2021) · cites this paper as [149]
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“For example, hepcidin production increases substantially within a few hours after iron administration or inflammatory stimulation.(15,28,29,33,34) Because many of the conditions listed in Figure 1 are common, several stimulimay be present simultaneously, with hepcidin output depending on the relative strength of each.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Girelli, D., Nemeth, E., & Swinkels, D. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Verona (IT)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Radboud University Medical Center (NL)
- Venue
- Blood
- Publisher
- American Society of Hematology
- Published
- 2016-06-09
- Volume
- 127
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 2809-2813
- ISSN
- 0006-4971 (ISSN-L)
- 1528-0020
- PMC
- PMC4956612
- OpenAlex
- W2343895948
- Cited by
- 417
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 9
- FWCI
- 6.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Blood (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK107309)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Erythropoietin and Anemia Treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological diseases and metabolism
- Keywords
- hepcidin, iron metabolism disorders, iron deficiency anemia, iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia, iron regulation, diagnostic biomarkers, assay harmonization, iron supplementation, infection, global health
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood Chemical Analysis, Hematologic Tests, Humans, Biomarkers, Iron Metabolism Disorders, Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures, Hepcidins
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