Cited by 2,120Iron Metabolism and DisordersFerroptosis and cancer prognosisNeurological diseases and metabolism

Two to tango: Regulation of Mammalian iron metabolism

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Hentze, Matthias W., Muckenthaler, Martina U., Galy, Bruno, Camaschella, Clara·2010·Cell

Abstract

Disruptions in iron homeostasis from both iron deficiency and overload account for some of the most common human diseases. Iron metabolism is balanced by two regulatory systems, one that functions systemically and relies on the hormone hepcidin and the iron exporter ferroportin, and another that predominantly controls cellular iron metabolism through iron-regulatory proteins that bind iron-responsive elements in regulated messenger RNAs. We describe how the two distinct systems function and how they "tango" together in a coordinated manner. We also highlight some of the current questions in mammalian iron metabolism and discuss therapeutic opportunities arising from a better understanding of the underlying biological principles.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.cell.2010.06.028

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  • Serum ferritin is a marker of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions and can be markedly elevated in persons with average iron storage in many medical conditions.

    “It is worth noting that SF is a marker of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions that can be markedly elevated in persons with average iron storage in many different medical conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic kidney disease, hepatitis, excessive alcohol consumption, heart failure, acute infection, intestinal disorders such as coeliac disease, obesity”

    From Defining Global Thresholds for Serum Ferritin: A Challenging Mission in Establishing the Iron Deficiency Diagnosis in This Era of Striving for Health Equity (2025) · cites this paper as [11]

    The section “Plasma Iron: Key to Iron Overload and Iron Deficiency Anemias” (p. 1) says inflammatory conditions, infections, cancer, and liver disorders can increase serum ferritin, even though ferritin is used to assess iron stores. It does not establish that elevations are marked in people with average iron stores, or link serum ferritin to most of the specific conditions listed in the citing sentence. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Under physiological conditions iron recycling by macrophages accounts for approximately 95% of the daily needs of the metal for erythropoiesis and other physiological processes.

    “Under physiological conditions iron recycling by macrophages accounts for approximately 95% of the daily needs of the metal for erythropoiesis and other physiological processes (Hentze et al., 2010; Pantopoulos et al., 2012).”

    From Iron at the interface of immunity and infection (2014) · cites this paper as Hentze et al., 2010

  • Hepcidin expression is inhibited by iron deficiency, expansion of erythropoiesis, anemia/hypoxia, testosterone and possibly other factors.

    “Hepcidin expression is inhibited by iron deficiency, expansion of erythropoiesis, anemia/hypoxia, testosterone and possibly other factors.1,47”
  • When intracellular iron is low, IRPs interact with conserved IREs in the UTRs of central genes accounting for iron homeostasis.

    “When intracellular iron is low, IRPs interact with conserved iron-responsive elements (IREs) in the untranslated regions (UTRs) of central genes accounting for iron homeostasis [32,33].”
  • The amount of the LIP is sensed by post-transcriptional mechanisms of IRP-1 and IRP-2 to fine-tune uptake, storage, and release of iron.

    “The amount of the LIP is sensed by post-transcriptional mechanisms of cytosolic iron-regulated RNA binding proteins 1 and 2 (IRP-1 and IRP-2) to fine-tune uptake, storage, and release of iron.”

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Authors
Hentze, M. W., Muckenthaler, M. U., Galy, B., & Camaschella, C.
Affiliations
  • Heidelberg University (DE)
  • European Molecular Biology Laboratory (DE)
  • Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (IT)
Corresponding author
Hentze, Matthias W.
Venue
Cell
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2010-07
Volume
142
Issue
1
Pages
24-38
ISSN
0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2107704801
Cited by
2,120
References
111
Citations by year
2026: 98 · 2025: 117 · 2024: 161 · 2023: 169 · 2022: 156 · 2021: 162 · 2020: 159 · 2019: 159 · 2018: 129 · 2017: 125 · 2016: 106 · 2015: 118 · 2014: 133 · 2013: 113 · 2012: 113
FWCI
16.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cell (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • INFM-OAR (INFN Catania) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • European Commission
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological diseases and metabolism
Keywords
iron metabolism, iron homeostasis, hepcidin, ferroportin, iron regulatory proteins, iron-responsive element, iron deficiency, iron overload, therapeutic target
MeSH terms
Animals, Cell Physiological Phenomena, Humans, Iron, Anemia, Iron-Deficiency, Iron Overload, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides, Hepcidins

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