Change in quality of life and their predictors in the long-term follow-up after group cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder: a prospective cohort study
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BACKGROUND: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most common anxiety disorders. The efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has been examined but to date its effects on Quality of Life (QoL) have not been appropriately evaluated especially in the long term.The study aimed to examine, in the long term, what aspects of Quality of Life (QoL) changed among social anxiety disorder (SAD) patients treated with group cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and what predictors at baseline were associated with QoL. METHODS: Outpatients diagnosed with SAD were enrolled into group CBT, and assessed at follow-ups for up to 12 months in a typical clinical setting. QoL was evaluated using the Short Form 36. Various aspects of SAD symptomatology were also assessed. Each of the QoL domains and scores on symptomatology were quantified and compared with those at baseline. Baseline predictors of QoL outcomes at follow-up were investigated. RESULTS: Fifty-seven outpatients were enrolled into group CBT for SAD, 48 completed the whole program, and 44 and 40 completed assessments at the 3-month and 12-month follow-ups, respectively. All aspects of SAD symptomatology and psychological subscales of the QoL showed statistically significant improvement throughout follow-ups for up to 12 months. In terms of social functioning, no statistically significant improvement was observed at either follow-up point except for post-treatment. No consistently significant pre-treatment predictors were observed. CONCLUSIONS: After group CBT, SAD symptomatology and some aspects of QoL improved and this improvement was maintained for up to 12 months, but the social functioning domain did not prove any significant change statistically. Considering the limited effects of CBT on QoL, especially for social functioning, more powerful treatments are needed.
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In CBT for anxiety disorders, demographic variables (age, sex and socioeconomic status) are usually not significant predictors of treatment outcome and treatment adherence.
“In CBT for anxiety disorders, demographic variables (i.e., age, sex and socioeconomic status) are usually not significant predictors of treatment outcome and treatment adherence [42,43,44,45,46,47].”
From A Multisite Non-Inferiority Randomized Controlled Trial of the Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder Delivered by Videoconference (2022) · cites this paper as [46]
In Results > Potential predictors at baseline for changes in QoL at follow-ups (page unavailable), sex, age of onset and education were not selected as predictors of quality-of-life outcomes, but employment was a significant predictor in one model. Results > Demographic and clinical characteristics (page unavailable) show no significant differences by age, sex, employment or education between completers and dropouts, but living situation differed significantly. This single study of social anxiety disorder also cannot establish what is ‘usually’ true across anxiety disorders; its outcome analysis tested age of onset, not current age. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredGender was not a predictor of CBT outcomes in prior studies, including for social phobia, and it was neither a predictor nor a moderator of outcome in the previous study of a mixed anxiety disorder sample.
“Gender was not a predictor of CBT outcomes in prior studies, including for social phobia (Schuurmans et al., 2009; Watanabe et al., 2010), and it was neither a predictor nor a moderator of outcome in the previous study of a mixed anxiety disorder sample (Wolitzky-Taylor et al., 2012).”
From Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for social phobia: Outcomes and moderators (2014) · cites this paper as Watanabe et al., 2010
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- Authors
- Watanabe, N., Furukawa, T. A., Chen, J., Kinoshita, Y., Nakano, Y., Ogawa, S., Funayama, T., Ietsugu, T., & Noda, Y.
- Affiliations
- Nagoya City University (JP)
- Nagoya Keizai University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Watanabe, Norio
- Venue
- BMC Psychiatry
- Published
- 2010-10-14
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 81-81
- ISSN
- 1471-244X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2965130
- OpenAlex
- W2100902004
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 6.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Flinders Academic Commons (Flinders University) (submittedVersion)
- Flinders Academic Commons (Flinders University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Nagoya City University
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (22590596)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- social anxiety disorder, group cognitive behavioral therapy, quality of life, long-term follow-up, predictors of treatment outcome, social functioning, SF-36
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Status, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Phobic Disorders, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotherapy, Group, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Cohort Studies, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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