Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning and dysfunctional attitude in depressed patients with and without childhood neglect
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: To date, the relationships between childhood neglect, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning and dysfunctional attitude in depressed patients are still obscure. METHODS: The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was used to assess childhood emotional neglect and physical neglect. Twenty-eight depressed patients with childhood neglect and 30 depressed patients without childhood neglect from Guangzhou Psychiatric Hospital were compared with 29 age- and gender-matched control subjects without childhood neglect and 22 control subjects with childhood neglect. Cortisol awakening response, the difference between the cortisol concentrations at awakening and 30 minutes later, provided a measure of HPA axis functioning. The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale measured cognitive schema. RESULTS: HPA axis functioning was significantly increased in depressed patients with childhood neglect compared with depressed patients without childhood neglect (p < 0.001). HPA axis activity in the control group with childhood neglect was significantly higher than in the depressed group without childhood neglect (p < 0.001). Total scores of childhood neglect were positively correlated with HPA axis functioning and dysfunctional attitude scores, but not with severity of depression. We did not find correlations with HPA axis functioning and dysfunctional attitude or with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood neglect may cause hyperactivity of the HPA axis functioning and dysfunctional attitude, but does not affect depression severity.
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No correlation between the severity of depression and CAR was shown in those with early life stress.
“No correlation between the severity of depression and CAR was shown in those with early life stress (165).”
From Childhood Trauma, the HPA Axis and Psychiatric Illnesses: A Targeted Literature Synthesis (2022) · cites this paper as [165]
The Methods identify CAR as the measure of HPA-axis functioning, and the Results report no correlation between that measure and depression severity (HAMD scores; r = -0.102, p = 0.401). However, the correlation was reported for the study sample, not specifically for participants with early-life stress; the study also assessed childhood neglect rather than early-life stress generally. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAn increase in CAR in those with childhood neglect has been found irrespective of a diagnosis of MDD.
“An increase in CAR in those with childhood neglect has been found irrespective of a diagnosis of MDD (164, 165).”
From Childhood Trauma, the HPA Axis and Psychiatric Illnesses: A Targeted Literature Synthesis (2022) · cites this paper as [165]
The Methods define HPA-axis functioning as the cortisol awakening response (CAR). The Results report significantly higher CAR in depressed patients with childhood neglect than in depressed patients without it, and Table 1 shows a higher mean in healthy controls with neglect than in healthy controls without it. The paper does not report that the difference between the two healthy-control groups was significant, so an increase irrespective of MDD diagnosis is not fully established. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Peng, H., Long, Y., Li, J., Guo, Y., Wu, H., Yang, Y., Ding, Y., He, J., & Ning, Y.
- Affiliations
- Guangzhou Psychiatric Hospital (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Peng, Hongjun
- Venue
- BMC Psychiatry
- Published
- 2014-02-18
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 45-45
- ISSN
- 1471-244X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3937002
- OpenAlex
- W2071767417
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 1.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, child neglect, childhood emotional neglect, childhood physical neglect, depression, cortisol awakening response, HPA axis hyperactivity, cognitive schemas, childhood trauma
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attitude, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Middle Aged, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Surveys and Questionnaires, Saliva, Severity of Illness Index, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse, Young Adult
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