The DOI matches its Crossref record; 111 of the 112 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
An update of stabilisation exercises for low back pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) is a large and costly problem. It has a lifetime prevalence of 80% and results in high levels of healthcare cost. It is a major cause for long term sickness amongst the workforce and is associated with high levels of fear avoidance and kinesiophobia. Stabilisation (or 'core stability') exercises have been suggested to reduce symptoms of pain and disability and form an effective treatment. Despite it being the most commonly used form of physiotherapy treatment within the UK there is a lack of positive evidence to support its use. The aims of this systematic review update is to investigate the effectiveness of stabilisation exercises for the treatment of NSLBP, and compare any effectiveness to other forms of exercise. METHODS: A systematic review published in 2008 was updated with a search of PubMed, CINAHL, AMED, Pedro and The Cochrane Library, October 2006 to October 2013. Two authors independently selected studies, and two authors independently extracted the data. Methodological quality was evaluated using the PEDro scale. Meta-analysis was carried out when appropriate. RESULTS: 29 studies were included: 22 studies (n = 2,258) provided post treatment effect on pain and 24 studies (n = 2,359) provided post treatment effect on disability. Pain and disability scores were transformed to a 0 to 100 scale. Meta-analysis showed significant benefit for stabilisation exercises versus any alternative treatment or control for long term pain and disability with mean difference of -6.39 (95% CI -10.14 to -2.65) and -3.92 (95% CI -7.25 to -0.59) respectively. The difference between groups was clinically insignificant. When compared with alternative forms of exercise, there was no statistical or clinically significant difference. Mean difference for pain was -3.06 (95% CI -6.74 to 0.63) and disability -1.89 (95% CI -5.10 to 1.33). CONCLUSION: There is strong evidence stabilisation exercises are not more effective than any other form of active exercise in the long term. The low levels of heterogeneity and large number of high methodological quality of available studies, at long term follow-up, strengthen our current findings, and further research is unlikely to considerably alter this conclusion.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“No particular type of exercise has been shown to be superior to another [5, 18]”
From Exercise combined with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ExACT) compared to a supervised exercise programme for adults with chronic pain: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. (2018) · cites this paper as [18]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Compared to other forms of active exercise, stabilisation and core stability exercise was found to be no more effective than in the long term [7,10].”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823
The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data
Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2529310 · Cited by 81,148
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & The PRISMA Group (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 · Cited by 64,042
Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
(2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44,859
A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales
Cohen, J. (1960) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/001316446002000104 · Cited by 42,398
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005 · Cited by 19,575
Wang, G., Ma, R., Qiao, G., Wada, K., Aizawa, Y., & Satoh, T. (2015) · Integrative Medicine International · doi:10.1159/000368408 · Cited by 18,762
Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions
Fleiss, J. L., Levin, B., & Paik, M. C. (2003) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/0471445428 · Cited by 18,646
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence: Low Back Pain. Early Management of Persistent Non-Specific Low Back Pain [CG88]. 2009
- Department of Health (DoH): The NHS Plan: A Plan for Investment a Plan for Reform. 2000, 82-
- Norris C: Back Stability. 2000, Leeds: Human Kinetics Europe Ltd
- Higgins J, Deeks J: Cochrane Handbook: General Methods For Cochrane Reviews: Ch 7: Selecting Studies and Collecting Data. Cochrane Handb Syst Rev Interv. Volume 6. Edited by: Higgins PTJ, Green S. 2011, Wiley-Blackwell, 151-186. [Cochrane Book Series]
- Xueqiang W, Jiejiao Z, Xia B, Jing L: Effect of core stability training on patients with chronic low back pain. HealthMED. 2012, 6: 754-759.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Brandow, A. M., Carroll, C. P., Creary, S. E., Edwards, R., Glassberg, J., Hurley, R. W., Kutlar, A., Seisa, M. O., Stinson, J., Strouse, J. J., et al. (2020) · Blood Advances · doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001851 · Cited by 486
Chenot, J.-F., Greitemann, B., Kladny, B., Petzke, F., Pfingsten, M., & Schorr, S. G. (2017) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt international · doi:10.3238/arztebl.2017.0883 · Cited by 282
Muscle Control and Non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain
Russo, M., Deckers, K., Eldabe, S., Kiesel, K., Gilligan, C., Vieceli, J., & Crosby, P. (2018) · Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface · doi:10.1111/ner.12738 · Cited by 222
Unraveling the Complexity of Low Back Pain
O’Sullivan, P., Cañeiro, J. P., O’Keeffe, M., & O’Sullivan, K. (2016) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.0609 · Cited by 189
Smith, B. E., Hendrick, P. A., Smith, T. O., Bateman, M., Moffatt, F., Rathleff, M. S., Selfe, J., & Logan, P. (2017) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-097383 · Cited by 180
Self-citationThe effect of lumbar stabilization and walking exercises on chronic low back pain
Suh, J. H., Kim, H., Jung, G. P., Ko, J. Y., & Ryu, J. S. (2019) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000016173 · Cited by 148
Bø, K., Artal, R., Barakat, R., Brown, W. J., Davies, G., Dooley, M., Evenson, K. R., Haakstad, L. A. H., Kayser, B., Kinnunen, T. I., et al. (2017) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-097964 · Cited by 142
Grooten, W. J. A., Boström, C., Dedering, Å., Halvorsen, M., Kuster, R. P., Nilsson-Wikmar, L. B., Olsson, C., Rovner, G., Tseli, E., & Rasmussen-Barr, E. (2022) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-022-05722-x · Cited by 105
Bury, J., West, M., Chamorro-Moriana, G., & Littlewood, C. (2016) · Manual Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.math.2016.05.337 · Cited by 94
Self-citationNiederer, D., & Mueller, J. (2020) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0227423 · Cited by 80
Halliday, M. H., Pappas, E., Hancock, M. J., Clare, H. A., Pinto, R. Z., Robertson, G., & Ferreira, P. H. (2016) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6379 · Cited by 80
Gluppe, S., Engh, M. E., & Bø, K. (2020) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzaa070 · Cited by 74
Lo, W. L. A., Lei, D., Li, L., Huang, D. F., & Tong, K. (2018) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.8127 · Cited by 76
Saner, J., Kool, J., Sieben, J. M., Luomajoki, H. A., Bastiaenen, C. H. G., & de Bie, R. A. (2015) · Manual Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.math.2015.02.005 · Cited by 73
Treating low back pain in athletes: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Thornton, J. S., Cañeiro, J. P., Hartvigsen, J., Ardern, C. L., Vinther, A., Wilkie, K., Trease, L., Ackerman, K. E., Dane, K., McDonnell, S., et al. (2020) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2020-102723 · Cited by 57
Cholewicki, J., Breen, A. C., Popovich, J. M., Reeves, N. P., Sahrmann, S. A., Dillen, L. R. V., Vleeming, A., & Hodges, P. W. (2019) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2019.8825 · Cited by 57
Michaelson, P., Holmberg, D., Aasa, B., & Aasa, U. (2016) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.2340/16501977-2091 · Cited by 51
Alhakami, A. M., Davis, S., Qasheesh, M., Shaphe, M. A., & Chahal, A. (2019) · Journal of Physical Therapy Science · doi:10.1589/jpts.31.590 · Cited by 54
Narouei, S., Barati, A. H., Akuzawa, H., Talebian, S., Ghiasi, F., Akbari, A., & Alizadeh, M. H. (2020) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.06.026 · Cited by 47
Inconsistent descriptions of lumbar multifidus morphology: A scoping review
Hofste, A., Soer, R., Hermens, H. J., Wagner, H., Oosterveld, F. G. J., Wolff, A. P., & Groen, G. J. (2020) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-020-03257-7 · Cited by 44
Beattie, P., Silfies, S. P., & Jordon, M. (2016) · Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy · doi:10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0180 · Cited by 45
Clark, D. R., Lambert, M., & Hunter, A. M. (2018) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-018-0150-3 · Cited by 41
Is There a Relationship Between Workload and Occurrence of Back Pain and Back Injuries in Athletes?
Zemková, E., Kovačíková, Z., & Zapletalová, L. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00894 · Cited by 41
Evidence of stabilizing exercises for low back- and pelvic girdle pain – a critical review
Stuge, B. (2018) · Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2018.11.006 · Cited by 46
Reconciling movement and exercise with pain neuroscience education: A case for consistent education
Blickenstaff, C., & Pearson, N. (2016) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2016.1194653 · Cited by 39
Pourahmadi, M., Taghipour, M., Takamjani, I. E., Sanjari, M. A., Bandpei, M. A. M., & Keshtkar, A. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012426 · Cited by 40
Pinto, S. M., Boghra, S. B., Macedo, L. G., Zheng, Y., Pang, M. Y. C., Cheung, J. P. Y., Karppinen, J. I., Samartzis, D., & Wong, A. Y. L. (2021) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s314971 · Cited by 37
Prat-Luri, A., Ríos-Calonge, J. D. L., Moreno-Navarro, P., Manresa‐Rocamora, A., Vera-García, F. J., & Barbado, D. (2023) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2023.11091 · Cited by 36
Abd-Elsayed, A. A., Kurt, E., Kollenburg, L., Hasoon, J. J., Wahezi, S. E., & Storlie, N. R. (2025) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/papr.70044 · Cited by 38
Wilhelmsson, S., Olsén, M. F., Staalesen, T., Elander, A., & Nygren‐Bonnier, M. (2016) · Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery · doi:10.1080/2000656x.2016.1222293 · Cited by 35
Diaphragm and core stabilization exercises in low back pain: A narrative review
Sannasi, R., Dakshinamurthy, A., Dommerholt, J., Desai, V., Kumar, A., & Sugavanam, T. (2023) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.07.008 · Cited by 38
Verbrugghe, J., Agten, A., Stevens, S., Hansen, D., Demoulin, C., Eijnde, B. O., Vandenabeele, F., & Timmermans, A. A. A. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9082401 · Cited by 39
Turci, A. M., Gorla, C., Nogueira, H. C., & Chaves, T. C. (2023) · Journal of physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.jphys.2023.02.016 · Cited by 41
Meirelles, F. D. O., Cunha, J. C. D. O. M., & da Silva, E. B. (2019) · Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation · doi:10.3233/bmr-181355 · Cited by 36
Stilwell, P., & Harman, K. (2017) · PubMed Central · Cited by 31
Alzahrani, H. A., Mackey, M., Stamatakis, E., Pinheiro, M. B., Wicks, M., & Shirley, D. (2018) · Physical Therapy in Sport · doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.12.008 · Cited by 33
Vining, R. D., Shannon, Z. K., Salsbury, S. A., Corber, L. G., Minkalis, A. L., & Goertz, C. (2019) · Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2019.03.009 · Cited by 30
Spencer, S., Wolf, A., & Rushton, A. (2016) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-51.10.03 · Cited by 30
Şengül, Y. S., Yilmaz, A., Kırmızı, M., Kahraman, T., & Kalemcı, O. (2021) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-213557 · Cited by 29
Painful metaphors: enactivism and art in qualitative research
Stilwell, P., Stilwell, C. L., Sabo, B., & Harman, K. (2020) · Medical Humanities · doi:10.1136/medhum-2020-011874 · Cited by 30
A loaded self-managed exercise programme for patellofemoral pain: a mixed methods feasibility study
Smith, B. E., Hendrick, P. A., Bateman, M., Moffatt, F., Rathleff, M. S., Selfe, J., Smith, T. O., & Logan, P. (2019) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-019-2516-1 · Cited by 28
Self-citationZhang, C., Li, Y., Zhong, Y., Feng, C., Zhang, Z., & Wang, C. (2021) · European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.23736/s1973-9087.21.06555-2 · Cited by 30
Vaz, D. V., Stilwell, P., Coninx, S., Low, M., & Liebenson, C. (2023) · Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2023.100554 · Cited by 27
Casey, M.-B., Smart, K., Segurado, R., Hearty, C., Gopal, H., Lowry, D., Flanagan, D., McCracken, L., & Doody, C. (2018) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-018-2543-5 · Cited by 25
Prior, J., Vesentini, G., Gregorio, J. A. M. D., Ferreira, P. H., Hunter, D. J., & Ferreira, M. L. (2022) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnac099 · Cited by 25
Jesson, T., Runge, N., & Schmid, A. B. (2020) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000000834 · Cited by 25
Low, M., Burgess, L. C., & Wainwright, T. W. (2019) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina55070347 · Cited by 22
Effects of Different Trunk Training Methods for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Meta-Analysis
Sutanto, D., Ho, R. S. T., Poon, E. T., Yang, Y., & Wong, S. H. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19052863 · Cited by 21
The effect and mechanism of motor control exercise on low back pain: a narrative review
Xu, H., Zhang, Y., & Zheng, Y. (2023) · EFORT Open Reviews · doi:10.1530/eor-23-0057 · Cited by 22
Mohammadimajd, E., Lotfinia, I., Salahzadeh, Z., Aghazadeh, N., Noras, P., Ghaderi, F., Poureisa, M., Sarbakhsh, P., & Choopani, R. (2020) · Physiotherapy Research International · doi:10.1002/pri.1843 · Cited by 21
Huang, J., Xu, Y., Xuan, R., Baker, J. S., & Gu, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.886015 · Cited by 22
Christe, G., Darlow, B. J. S., & Pichonnaz, C. (2021) · Archives of Physiotherapy · doi:10.1186/s40945-021-00106-1 · Cited by 20
Pain‐evoked trunk muscle activity changes during fatigue and DOMS
Larsen, L. H., Hirata, R. P., & Graven‐Nielsen, T. (2017) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.993 · Cited by 19
Goossens, L., Ridder, R. D., Cardon, G., Witvrouw, E., Verrelst, R., & Clercq, D. D. (2017) · European Physical Education Review · doi:10.1177/1356336x17711675 · Cited by 18
Effect of gardening activities on domains of health: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Wang, F., & Boros, S. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-22263-9 · Cited by 17
Nwodo, O. D., Ibikunle, P. O., Ogbonna, L. N., Ani, K. U., Arinze, O. C., Eze, C. J., Onwudiwe, C. U., Ezeja, G. U., & Maduanusi, I. A. (2022) · African Health Sciences · doi:10.4314/ahs.v22i4.19 · Cited by 18
Benefits and harms of exercise therapy and physical activity for low back pain: An umbrella review
Comachio, J., Beckenkamp, P. R., Ho, E. K., Shaheed, C. A., Stamatakis, E., Ferreira, M. L., Lan, Q., Mork, P. J., Holtermann, A., Wang, D. X. M., et al. (2025) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101038 · Cited by 16
Li, Y., Zhao, Q., Zhang, X., Yan, E., & Su, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1518612 · Cited by 16
Smith, B. E., Hendrick, P. A., Bateman, M., Moffatt, F., Rathleff, M. S., Selfe, J., Smith, T. O., & Logan, P. (2017) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-017-0167-2 · Cited by 17
Self-citationGanesh, G. S., Kaur, P., & Meena, S. (2020) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.08.010 · Cited by 17
Patient Information Leaflets for Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Missed Opportunity
Low, M., Burgess, L. C., & Wainwright, T. W. (2019) · Journal of Patient Experience · doi:10.1177/2374373519897176 · Cited by 15
A Time to Reflect on Motor Control in Musculoskeletal Physical Therapy
Low, M. (2018) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.0614 · Cited by 15
Capel-Alcaraz, A. M., Castro‐Sánchez, A. M., Matarán-Peñarrocha, G. A., Antequera-Soler, E., & Lara‐Palomo, I. C. (2023) · Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine · doi:10.1097/jsm.0000000000001175 · Cited by 15
Sitges, C., Roldán, O. V., Crespí, J., García-Dopico, N., Segur-Ferrer, J., González‐Roldán, A. M., & Montoya, P. (2021) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s274134 · Cited by 14
Alshehre, Y. M., Alkhathami, K. M., Brizzolara, K. J., Weber, M. D., & Wang-Price, S. S. (2023) · International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.26603/001c.68075 · Cited by 14
Hides, J. A., Hodges, P. W., & Lambrecht, G. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00837 · Cited by 14
Sarafadeen, R., Ganiyu, S. O., Ibrahim, A. A., Ismail, A., Akindele, M. O., Kaka, B., & Awotidebe, A. W. (2022) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-021-05952-9 · Cited by 13
The effect of short-term isometric training on core/torso stiffness
Lee, B., & McGill, S. M. (2016) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2016.1235791 · Cited by 13
Horsak, B., Wunsch, R., Bernhart, P., Gorgas, A., Bichler, R., & Lampel, K. (2017) · Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation · doi:10.3233/bmr-140259 · Cited by 13
Ford, J. J., Bower, S. E., Ford, I., de Mello, M. M., Carneiro, S. R., Balasundaram, A. P., & Hahne, A. J. (2020) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2020.102276 · Cited by 12
Sports Medicine-Related Breast and Chest Conditions—Update of Current Literature
Obourn, P. J., Benoit, J., Brady, G., Campbell, E., & Rizzone, K. H. (2021) · Current Sports Medicine Reports · doi:10.1249/jsr.0000000000000824 · Cited by 12
Riipinen, P., Holmes, M. M., Ogilvie, S., Newell, D., Byfield, D. C., & du Rose, A. (2022) · Musculoskeletal Care · doi:10.1002/msc.1637 · Cited by 12
Kapetanović, A., Jerkovic, S., & Avdić, D. (2016) · Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.17532/jhsci.2016.346 · Cited by 12
Chan, E. W. M., Nadzalan, A. M., Othman, Z., Hafiz, E., & Hamid, M. S. A. (2020) · Sains Malaysiana · doi:10.17576/jsm-2020-4910-18 · Cited by 12
Ojoawo, A. O., Hassan, M. A., Olaogun, M. O. B., Johnson, E. O., & Mbada, C. E. (2017) · Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation · doi:10.12965//jer.1734932.466 · Cited by 11
Karaçay, B. Ç., Şahbaz, T., Gürtekin, B., Yıldız, S., & Ozcan, E. E. (2022) · Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.5606/tftrd.2022.7060 · Cited by 13
Tangrood, Z. J., Gisselman, A. S., Sole, G., & Ribeiro, D. C. (2023) · Physical Therapy Reviews · doi:10.1080/10833196.2023.2192620 · Cited by 11
Kwon, S. H., Oh, S. J., & Kim, D. H. (2020) · Isokinetics and Exercise Science · doi:10.3233/ies-182127 · Cited by 12
Prentice, C. L. S., Milanese, S., Massy‐Westropp, N., & Maranna, S. (2021) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2021.102357 · Cited by 10
Pourahmadi, M., Takamjani, I. E., Jaberzadeh, S., Sarrafzadeh, J., Sanjari, M. A., Mohsenifar, H., Bagheri, R., & Taghipour, M. (2017) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.7378 · Cited by 10
A krónikus derékfájdalom korszerű diagnosztikája és kezelése a nemzetközi irányelvek tükrében
Forgács‐Kristóf, K., Major, J., & Ádám, S. (2021) · Orvosi Hetilap · doi:10.1556/650.2021.32280 · Cited by 9
Salehi, S., Sobhani, V., Mir, S. M., Keivanfar, N., Shamsoddini, A., & Hashemi, S. E. (2024) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.03.049 · Cited by 9
Thomson, H., Evans, K. A., Dearness, J., Kelley, J., Conway, K., Morris, C., Bisset, L., Scholten-Peeters, G. G. M., Cuijpers, P. J., & Coppieters, M. W. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028747 · Cited by 10
Koch, A. K., & Cramer, H. (2021) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnab169 · Cited by 9
Chronification of low back pain: getting to the spine of the problem
Asavasopon, S. (2017) · Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2017.11.001 · Cited by 8
Larsen, L. H., Hirata, R. P., & Graven‐Nielsen, T. (2015) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2015.10.012 · Cited by 8
Huang, W.-H., Tang, C.-K., & Shih, Y. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-74348-x · Cited by 7
A Critical Review of Trunk and Hip Exercise Prescription: Applying Evidence for a Modern Approach
Short, S., Short, G., Lehman, G., Friesen, J., & Johnson, B. (2025) · International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.26603/001c.129972 · Cited by 7
Miñambres-Martín, D., Martín‐Casas, P., López‐de‐Uralde‐Villanueva, I., Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, C., Valera‐Calero, J. A., & Plaza‐Manzano, G. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19063743 · Cited by 7
Özyurt, F., Tayfur, A., & Ülger, Ö. (2024) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-024-01254-0 · Cited by 7
Anheyer, D., Klose, P., Koch, A. K., Haller, H., Dobos, G. J., & Cramer, H. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036050 · Cited by 7
Lin, S., Zhu, B., Zheng, Y., Liu, S., & Wang, C. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047317 · Cited by 7
Castrillon, T., Hanney, W. J., Rothschild, C. E., Kolber, M. J., Liu, X., & Masaracchio, M. F. (2016) · Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation · doi:10.3233/bmr-150504 · Cited by 9
Puri, S. N., Fating, T., & Dhage, P. P. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.48769 · Cited by 9
Kaushik, M., & Ahmad, I. (2024) · PubMed Central · Cited by 6
Rehabilitative Principles in the Management of Thoracolumbar Syndrome: A Case Report
DiMond, M. (2017) · Journal of Chiropractic Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jcm.2017.10.003 · Cited by 6
Well-described exercises for chronic low back pain in Life Science Literature: A systematic review
Pieri, E., Bonetti, F., Pellicciari, L., & Scipioni, F. (2021) · Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation · doi:10.3233/bmr-210179 · Cited by 7
Johnson, D. B., Feng, L., & Johnson, C. (2023) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2023.2218652 · Cited by 6
Tajik, R., Dhahbi, W., Mimar, R., Tazji, M. K., Ceylan, H. İ., Bayrakdaroğlu, S., Ștefănică, V., & Hammami, N. (2026) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering13010082 · Cited by 5
de Bruin, L. J. E., Hoegh, M., Greve, C., & Reneman, M. F. (2024) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2024.11314 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Smith, B. E., Littlewood, C., & May, S.
- Affiliations
- London Road Community Hospital (GB)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Sheffield Hallam University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Smith, Benjamin E
- Venue
- BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Published
- 2014-12
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 416-416
- ISSN
- 1471-2474 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4295260
- OpenAlex
- W2069264694
- Cited by
- 207
- References
- 112
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 1.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- SHURA (Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive) (Sheffield Hallam University) (acceptedVersion)
- Edge Hill University Research Information Repository (Edge Hill University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy-related medical research
- Keywords
- non-specific low back pain, core stability, physiotherapy, exercise therapy, pain, disability, long-term outcomes, treatment effectiveness
- MeSH terms
- Exercise Therapy, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Low Back Pain
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
