Cited by 119Malaria Research and ControlInsect Pest Control StrategiesInsect Resistance and Genetics

Evaluation of PermaNet 3.0 a deltamethrin-PBO combination net against Anopheles gambiae and pyrethroid resistant Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes: an experimental hut trial in Tanzania

Open access
Tungu, Patrick, Magesa, Stephen, Maxwell, Caroline, Malima, Robert, Masue, Dennis, Sudi, Wema, Myamba, Joseph, Pigeon, Olivier +1 more·2010·Malaria Journal

Abstract

Background: Combination mosquito nets incorporating two unrelated insecticides or insecticide plus synergist are designed to control insecticide resistant mosquitoes. PermaNet 3.0 is a long-lasting combination net incorporating deltamethrin on the side panels and a mixture of deltamethrin and synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) on the top panel. PBO is an inhibitor of mixed function oxidases implicated in pyrethroid resistance. Method: An experimental hut trial comparing PermaNet 3.0, PermaNet 2.0 and a conventional deltamethrin-treated net was conducted in NE Tanzania using standard WHOPES procedures. The PermaNet arms included unwashed nets and nets washed 20 times. PermaNet 2.0 is a long-lasting insecticidal net incorporating deltamethrin as a single active. Results: Against pyrethroid susceptible Anopheles gambiae the unwashed PermaNet 3.0 showed no difference to unwashed PermaNet 2.0 in terms of mortality (95% killed), but showed differences in blood-feeding rate (3% blood-fed with PermaNet 3.0 versus 10% with PermaNet 2.0). After 20 washes the two products showed no difference in feeding rate (10% with 3.0 and 9% with 2.0) but showed small differences in mortality (95% with 3.0 and 87% with 2.0). Against pyrethroid resistant Culex quinquefasciatus, mediated by elevated oxidase and kdr mechanisms, the unwashed PermaNet 3.0 killed 48% and PermaNet 2.0 killed 32% but after 20 washes there was no significant difference in mortality between the two products (32% killed by 3.0 and 30% by 2.0). For protecting against Culex PermaNet 3.0 showed no difference to PermaNet 2.0 when either unwashed or after 20 washes; both products were highly protective against biting. Laboratory tunnel bioassays confirmed the loss of biological activity of the PBO/deltamethrin-treated panel after washing. Conclusion: Both PermaNet products were highly effective against susceptible Anopheles gambiae. As a long-lasting net to control or protect against pyrethroid resistant mosquitoes PermaNet 3.0 showed limited improvement over PermaNet 2.0 against Culex quinquefasciatus.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1186/1475-2875-9-21

Cites

39 of 39 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • New LLINs treated with a synergist such as piperonyl butoxide and pyrethroids insecticide have shown promising results against wild free-flying multi-resistant An. gambiae (s.s.) in experimental huts.

    “Some of these have shown promising results against wild free-flying multi-resistant An. gambiae (s.s.) in experimental huts [34, 43–45].”

    From Mapping insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) from Côte d'Ivoire (2018) · cites this paper as [43]

    The Methods (Experimental hut trial) identify the local An. gambiae as pyrethroid-susceptible, and the Results confirm 100% mortality in resistance tests. The Discussion says PermaNet 3.0 had limited capacity to control multiply resistant mosquitoes; the resistant mosquitoes tested in the huts were Cx. quinquefasciatus, not An. gambiae. Thus this trial does not show promising results against multi-resistant An. gambiae. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Several new molecules or formulations for malaria vector control are in the pipeline.

    “several of these new molecules or formulations are now in the pipe line [73, 78, 121–127].”

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. WHO Report of the 11th WHOPES Working Group Meeting, 10-13 December 2007, Review of: Spinosad 7.48% DT, Netprotect®, Duranet®, Dawaplus®, ICON Maxx® WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme 2008

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Tungu, P., Magesa, S., Maxwell, C., Malima, R., Masue, D., Sudi, W., Myamba, J., Pigeon, O., & Rowland, M.
Affiliations
  • National Institute for Medical Research (TZ)
  • London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
  • Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (BE)
Corresponding author
Rowland, Mark
Venue
Malaria Journal
Published
2010-01-19
Volume
9
Issue
1
Pages
21-21
ISSN
1475-2875 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2150372462
Cited by
119
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 6
FWCI
10.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Malaria Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • IHI Repository (acceptedVersion)
  • LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Insect Pest Control Strategies
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Insect Resistance and Genetics
Keywords
long-lasting insecticidal nets, deltamethrin, piperonyl butoxide, pyrethroid resistance, Anopheles gambiae, Culex quinquefasciatus, insecticide resistance management, net washing, blood-feeding rate, mosquito mortality, kdr mutation, mixed function oxidase
MeSH terms
Animals, Anopheles, Culex, Drug Resistance, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Insecticides, Mosquito Control, Nitriles, Piperonyl Butoxide, Pyrethrins, Tanzania, Survival Analysis, Insecticide-Treated Bednets

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review