Cited by 125Antifungal resistance and susceptibilityFungal and yeast genetics researchFungal Plant Pathogen Control

Overexpression of Aldo-Keto-reductase in Azole-resistant clinical isolates of Candida glabrata determined by cDNA-AFLP

Open access
Farahyar, Shirin, Zaini, Farideh, Kordbacheh, Parivash, Rezaie, Sassan, Safara, Mahin, Raoofian, Reza, Heidari, Mansour·2013·DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Candida glabrata causes significant medical problems in immunocompromised patients. Many strains of this yeast are intrinsically resistant to azole antifungal agents, and treatment is problematic, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates in immunosuppressed individuals. The primary goal of this study was to investigate the genes involved in the drug resistance of clinical isolates of C. glabrata. METHODS: The clinical isolates of C. glabrata were collected in an epidemiological survey of candidal infection in immunocompromised patients and consisted of four fluconazole and itraconazole resistant isolates, two fluconazole and itraconazole sensitive isolates, and C. glabrata CBS 138 as reference strain. Antifungal susceptibility patterns of the organisms were determined beforehand by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The potential gene(s) implicated in antifungal resistance were investigated using complementary DNA- Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was carried out to evaluate the expression of gene(s) in resistant isolates as compared to sensitive and reference strains. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The aldo-keto-reductase superfamily (AKR gene) was upregulated in the resistant clinical isolates as assessed by cDNA-AFLP. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed AKR mRNA expression approximately twice that seen in the sensitive isolates. Overexpression of the AKR gene was associated with increased fluconazole and itraconazole resistance in C. glabrata. The data suggest that upregulation of the AKR gene might give a new insight into the mechanism of azole resistance.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1186/2008-2231-21-1

Cites

32 of 32 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Candida glabrata clinical isolates are known to have the aldo-keto-reductase superfamily upregulated in the resistant isolates.

    “Candida glabrata clinical isolates are known to have the aldo-keto-reductase superfamily upregulated in the resistant isolates.”

    From Candida glabrata Biofilms: How Far Have We Come? (2017) · cites this paper as [109]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Farahyar, S., Zaini, F., Kordbacheh, P., Rezaie, S., Safara, M., Raoofian, R., & Heidari, M.
Affiliations
  • Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IR)
  • Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (IR)
Corresponding author
Zaini, Farideh
Venue
DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Published
2013-01-02
Volume
21
Issue
1
Pages
1-1
ISSN
  • 1560-8115 (ISSN-L)
  • 2008-2231
OpenAlex
W2140631543
Cited by
125
References
32
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 5
FWCI
8.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Fungal Plant Pathogen Control
Keywords
Candida glabrata, azole resistance, aldo-keto reductase, fluconazole resistance, itraconazole resistance, antifungal resistance, gene overexpression, immunocompromised patients, candidiasis, clinical isolates

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review