Borderline personality disorder and prior suicide attempts define a severity gradient among hospitalized adolescent suicide attempters
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and history of prior suicide attempt (SA) have been shown to be high predictors for subsequent suicide. However, no previous study has examined how both factors interact to modify clinical and suicide severity among adolescents. METHODS: This study presents a comprehensive assessment of 302 adolescents (265 girls, mean age = 14.7 years) hospitalized after a SA. To test clinical interactions between BPD and history of prior SA, the sample was divided into single attempters without BPD (non-BPD-SA, N = 80), single attempters with BPD (BPD-SA, N = 127) and multiple attempters with BPD (BPD-MA, N = 95). RESULTS: Univariate analyses revealed a severity gradient among the 3 groups with an additive effect of BPD on the clinical and suicide severity already conferred by a history of SA. This gradient encompassed categorical (anxiety and conduct disorders and non-suicidal-self-injury [NSSI]) and dimensional comorbidities (substance use and depression severity) and suicide characteristics (age at first SA). According to regression analyses, the BPD-MA group that was associated with the most severe clinical presentation also showed specific features: the first SA at a younger age and a higher prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and anxiety disorders. The BPD-MA group was not associated with higher impulsivity or frequency of negative life events. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these findings and to improve youth suicide prevention, future studies should systematically consider BPD and the efficacy of reinforcing early interventions for anxiety disorders and NSSI.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Risk of suicide attempt is further heightened among those with an earlier age of occurrence of first attempt, as well as those with borderline personality disorder features.
“Risk is further heightened among those with an earlier age of occurrence of first attempt, as well as those with borderline personality disorder (features) (100).”
From Don't Miss the Moment: A Systematic Review of Ecological Momentary Assessment in Suicide Research (2022) · cites this paper as [100]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
KAUFMAN, J., BIRMAHER, B., BRENT, D., RAO, U., FLYNN, C., MORECI, P., WILLIAMSON, D., & RYAN, N. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199707000-00021 · Cited by 10,148 · see citing works
Posner, K., Brown, G. K., Stanley, B., Brent, D. A., Yershova, K. V., Oquendo, M. A., Currier, G. W., Melvin, G. A., Greenhill, L., Shen, S., et al. (2011) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10111704 · Cited by 5,157 · see citing works
Adjusting for multiple testing—when and how?
Bender, R., & Lange, S. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00314-0 · Cited by 3,060 · see citing works
Suicide and suicidal behaviour
Turecki, G., & Brent, D. A. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00234-2 · Cited by 2,338 · see citing works
Self-harm and suicide in adolescents
Hawton, K., Saunders, K. E., & O'Connor, R. C. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60322-5 · Cited by 2,306 · see citing works
Risks of all-cause and suicide mortality in mental disorders: a meta-review
Chesney, E., Goodwin, G. M., & Fazel, S. (2014) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20128 · Cited by 2,115 · see citing works
Models of the self and other: Fundamental dimensions underlying measures of adult attachment.
Griffin, D. W., & Bartholomew, K. (1994) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.3.430 · Cited by 1,762 · see citing works
Advances in cognitive theory and therapy: The generic cognitive model
Beck, A. T., & Haigh, E. A. P. (2014) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153734 · Cited by 1,055 · see citing works
Posner, K., Oquendo, M. A., Gould, M., Stanley, B., & Davies, M. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.7.1035 · Cited by 1,025 · see citing works
Psychiatric Risk Factors for Adolescent Suicide: A Case-Control Study
Brent, D. A., Perper, J. A., MORITZ, G., ALLMAN, C., FRIEND, A., ROTH, C., SCHWEERS, J., BALACH, L., & BAUGHER, M. (1993) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199305000-00006 · Cited by 863 · see citing works
Gunderson, J. G. (2011) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.37 · Cited by 770 · see citing works
Linehan, M. M., Korslund, K. E., Harned, M. S., Gallop, R. J., Lungu, A., Neacsiu, A. D., McDavid, J., Comtois, K. A., & Murray-Gregory, A. M. (2015) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.3039 · Cited by 714 · see citing works
Klonsky, E. D., May, A. M., & Glenn, C. R. (2013) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0030278 · Cited by 692 · see citing works
Suicide After Deliberate Self-Harm: A 4-Year Cohort Study
Cooper, J., Kapur, N., Webb, R., Lawlor, M., Guthrie, E., Mackway-Jones, K., & Appleby, L. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.2.297 · Cited by 690 · see citing works
Moran, P., Coffey, C., Romaniuk, H., Olsson, C., Borschmann, R., Carlin, J. B., & Patton, G. C. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61141-0 · Cited by 607 · see citing works
Rudd, M. D. (2006) · Cognition and suicide: Theory, research, and therapy. · doi:10.1037/11377-016 · Cited by 463 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Cumulative or chronic stress rather than discrete life events could be more relevant among adolescent suicide attempters [25, 65, 66].”
BackgroundResultSuicide and Suicide Attempts in Adolescents
SHAIN, B. N. (2007) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2007-1908 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Cuijpers, P., Li, J., Hofmann, S. G., & Andersson, G. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.06.001 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Fact or fiction: Diagnosing borderline personality disorder in adolescents
Miller, A. L., Muehlenkamp, J. J., & Jacobson, C. M. (2008) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2008.02.004 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Castellví, P., Lucas-Romero, E., Miranda-Mendizábal, A., Parés-Badell, O., Almenara, J., Alonso, I., Blasco, M. J., Cebrià, A., Gabilondo, A., Gili, M., et al. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.035 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Are Suicide Attempters Who Self-Mutilate a Unique Population?
Stanley, B., Gameroff, M. J., Michalsen, V., & Mann, J. J. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.3.427 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
History of Multiple Suicide Attempts as a Behavioral Marker of Severe Psychopathology
Forman, E. M., Berk, M. S., Henriques, G. R., Brown, G. K., & Beck, A. T. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.3.437 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Wilkinson, P. O., & Goodyer, I. M. (2011) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-010-0156-y · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Risk factors for suicidal behavior in borderline personality disorder
Soloff, P. H., Lis, J. A., Kelly, T. M., Cornelius, J., & Ulrich, R. F. (1994) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.151.9.1316 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Brown, T. A., & Barlow, D. H. (2005) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.114.4.551 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Age norms for impulsiveness, venturesomeness and empathy in children
Eysenck, S. B. G., Easting, G., & Pearson, P. R. (1984) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(84)90070-9 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Klein, D. N., Ouimette, P. C., Kelly, H. S., Ferro, T., & Riso, L. P. (1994) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.151.7.1043 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Sharp, C., & Fonagy, P. (2015) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12449 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Brent, D. A., Emslie, G. J., Clarke, G. N., Asarnow, J., Spirito, A., Ritz, L., Vitiello, B., Iyengar, S., Birmaher, B., Ryan, N. D., et al. (2009) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08070976 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Comorbidity of Borderline Personality Disorder
Shah, R., & Zanarini, M. C. (2018) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2018.07.009 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Yen, S., Shea, M. T., Pagano, M. E., Sanislow, C. A., Grilo, C. M., McGlashan, T. H., Skodol, A. E., Bender, D. S., Zanarini, M. C., Gunderson, J. G., et al. (2003) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.112.3.375 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Miranda, R., SCOTT, M., Hicks, R. C., Wilcox, H. C., Munfakh, J. L. H., & Shaffer, D. (2008) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31815a56cb · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Affective, Behavioral, and Cognitive Functioning in Adolescents with Multiple Suicide Attempts
Esposito, C. L., Spirito, A., Boergers, J., & Donaldson, D. L. (2003) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1521/suli.33.4.389.25231 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Mars, B., Heron, J., Klonsky, E. D., Moran, P., O'Connor, R. C., Tilling, K., Wilkinson, P., & Gunnell, D. (2019) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12878 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Discriminating borderline personality disorder from other axis II disorders
(1990) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.147.2.161 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Zanarini, M., Horwood, J., Wolke, D., Waylen, A., Fitzmaurice, G., & Grant, B. (2011) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2011.25.5.607 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Borderline personality disorder in adolescents: prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment strategies
Guilé, J. M., Boissel, L., Alaux‐Cantin, S., & Rivière, S. G. D. L. (2018) · Adolescent Health Medicine and Therapeutics · doi:10.2147/ahmt.s156565 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Self-citation“Impulsive” youth suicide attempters are not necessarily all that impulsive
Witte, T. K., Merrill, K. A., Stellrecht, N. E., Bernert, R. A., Hollar, D. L., Schatschneider, C., & Joiner, T. E. (2008) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.08.010 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Association Between Multiple Suicide Attempts and Negative Affects in Adolescents
STEIN, D., APTER, A., RATZONI, G., HAR-EVEN, D., & AVIDAN, G. (1998) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199805000-00011 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Psychiatric Comorbidity in Hospitalized Adolescents With Borderline Personality Disorder
Ha, C., Balderas, J. C., Zanarini, M. C., Oldham, J. M., & Sharp, C. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.13m08696 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Nonsuicidal Self-Injury and Suicidal Behavior: A Latent Class Analysis among Young Adults
Hamza, C. A., & Willoughby, T. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059955 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Landry, M., Tremblay, J., Guyon, L., et al. (2005) · Drogues santé et société · doi:10.7202/010517ar · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Risk and protective factors predicting multiple suicide attempts
Choi, K. H., Wang, S., Yeon, B., Suh, S. A., Oh, Y., Lee, H., Kweon, Y., Lee, C. T., & Lee, K. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.09.026 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Adolescent Disruptive Behavior and Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms in Young Adult Men
Burke, J. D., & Stepp, S. D. (2011) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-011-9558-7 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Soloff, P., White, R. T., & Diwadkar, V. A. (2014) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.02.006 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Revisiting impulsivity in suicide: Implications for civil liability of third parties
Smith, A. R., Witte, T. K., Teale, N. E., King, S. L., Bender, T., & Joiner, T. E. (2008) · Behavioral Sciences & the Law · doi:10.1002/bsl.848 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Life events: a complex role in the timing of suicidal behavior among depressed patients
Oquendo, M. A., Pérez-Rodríguez, M. M., Poh, E., Sullivan, G. M., Burke, A. K., Sublette, M. E., Mann, J. J., & Galfalvy, H. (2013) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2013.128 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Carter, J. D., FRAMPTON, C. M. A., Mulder, R., Luty, S. E., & Joyce, P. R. (2009) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.11.011 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Informant-Specific Correlates of Suicidal Behavior in a Community Survey of 12- to 14-Year-Olds
Breton, J., Tousignant, M., Bergeron, L., & Berthiaume, C. (2002) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200206000-00012 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
ADHD in adolescents with borderline personality disorder
Speranza, M., Révah‐Levy, A., Cortese, S., Falissard, B., Pham‐Scottez, A., & Corcos, M. (2011) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-11-158 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Terzi, L., Martino, F., Berardi, D., Bortolotti, B., Sasdelli, A., & Menchetti, M. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.011 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Sharp, C., Green, K. L., Yaroslavsky, I., Venta, A. C., Zanarini, M. C., & Pettit, J. W. (2012) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2012.26.6.927 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Consoli, A., Cohen, D., Bodeau, N., Guilé, J.-M., Mirkovic, B., Knafo, A., Mahé, V., Laurent‐Levinson, C., Renaud, J., Labelle, R. J., et al. (2015) · PubMed Central · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationBorderline personality disorder in suicidal adolescents
Yen, S., Gagnon, K. L., & Spirito, A. (2012) · Personality and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/pmh.1216 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Greenfield, B. J., Henry, M., Lis, E., Slatkoff, J., Guilé, J.-M., Dougherty, G. E., Zhang, X., Raz, A., Arnold, L. E., Daniel, L., et al. (2014) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-014-0589-9 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationChildhood Diagnoses and Later Risk for Multiple Suicide Attempts
Rudd, M. D., Joiner, T. E., & Rumzek, H. A. (2004) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1521/suli.34.2.113.32784 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Predictive Factors in Repeated Suicide Attempts by Adolescents
Gispert, M., Davis, M. S., Marsh, L., et al. (1987) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.38.4.390 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Coping skills among adolescent suicide attempters: results of a multisite study.
Mirkovic, B., Labelle, R. J., Guilé, J.-M., Belloncle, V., Bodeau, N., Knafo, A., Condat, A., Bapt-Cazalets, N., Marguet, C., Breton, J., et al. (2015) · PubMed Central · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationWedig, M. M., Frankenburg, F. R., Reich, D. B., Fitzmaurice, G. M., & Zanarini, M. C. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.05.009 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
How Do Stress Exposure and Stress Regulation Relate to Borderline Personality Disorder?
Bourvis, N., Aouidad, A., Cabelguen, C., Cohen, D., & Xavier, J. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02054 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationSleep-Wake Patterns of Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder and Bipolar Disorder
Huỳnh, C., Guilé, J.-M., Breton, J., & Godbout, R. (2015) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-015-0557-8 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationBorderline Personality Disorder in Adolescence as a Generalization of Disorganized Attachment
Miljkovitch, R., Deborde, A.-S., Bernier, A., Corcos, M., Speranza, M., & Pham-Scottez, A. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01962 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Brezo, J., Paris, J., Hébert, M., Vitaro, F., Tremblay, R., & Turecki, G. (2008) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-8-15 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Knafo, A., Guilé, J.-M., Breton, J., Labelle, R. J., Belloncle, V., Bodeau, N., Boudailliez, B. R., Rivière, S. G. D. L., Kharij, B., Mille, C., et al. (2015) · PubMed Central · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationSher, L., Fisher, A. M., Kelliher, C. H., Penner, J. D., Goodman, M., Koenigsberg, H. W., New, A. S., Siever, L. J., & Hazlett, E. A. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.10.003 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Subtyping Borderline Personality Disorder by Suicidal Behavior
Soloff, P. H., & Chiappetta, L. (2012) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2012.26.3.468 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Guilé, J. M., Greenfield, B. J., Berthiaume, C., Chapdelaine, C., & Bergeron, L. (2009) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-009-0015-x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationKuehn, K. S., King, K. M., Linehan, M. M., & Harned, M. S. (2020) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000496 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Models of borderline personality disorder
D’Agostino, A., Monti, M. R., & Starčević, V. (2017) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000374 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Barteček, R., Hořínková, J., Linhartová, P., & Kašpárek, T. (2018) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2018.11.008 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self and informant report across the borderline personality disorder spectrum.
Balsis, S. M., Loehle-Conger, E., Busch, A., Ungredda, T., & Oltmanns, T. F. (2017) · Personality Disorders Theory Research and Treatment · doi:10.1037/per0000259 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Neuroticism and anxious attachment as potential vulnerability factors of repeat suicide attempts
Pennel, L., Quésada, J.-L., & Demattéis, M. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.03.064 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Introduction personality disorders in childhood and adolescence.
Guilé, J. M., & Greenfield, B. J. (2004) · PubMed Central · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationTopiramate leukopenia on clozapine
Béhar, D., & Schaller, J. L. (2004) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-004-0323-0 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Age of First Suicide Attempt in Men and Women: An Admixture Analysis
Blasco-Fontecilla, H., Alegría, A. A., Delgado‐Gómez, D., Legido, T., Sáiz, P. A., Oquendo, M. A., & Baca‐García, E. (2012) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1100/2012/825189 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Diagnosing BPD in Adolescents: More good than harm.
Boylan, K. (2018) · PubMed · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Don't Miss the Moment: A Systematic Review of Ecological Momentary Assessment in Suicide Research
Kivelä, L., van der Does, W. A. J., Riese, H., & Antypa, N. (2022) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2022.876595 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
- Authors
- Aouidad, A., Cohen, D., Mirkovic, B., Pellerin, H., Garny de La Rivière, S., Consoli, A., Gérardin, P., & Guilé, J.-M.
- Affiliations
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (FR)
- Sorbonne Université (FR)
- Hôpital Charles-Nicolle (FR)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Aouidad, Aveline
- Venue
- BMC Psychiatry
- Published
- 2020-11-04
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 525-525
- ISSN
- 1471-244X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7643473
- OpenAlex
- W3095755089
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 2.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Pfizer Foundation
- Fondation de France
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Keywords
- borderline personality disorder, suicide attempts, adolescents, suicide severity, repeated suicide attempts, non-suicidal self-injury, anxiety disorders, substance use, depression, impulsivity, negative life events, youth suicide prevention, hospitalized adolescents
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent, Hospitalized, Anxiety Disorders, Borderline Personality Disorder, Female, Humans, Suicide, Attempted, Self-Injurious Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
