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The association between sedentary behaviour and risk of anxiety: a systematic review
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Previous research has linked sedentary behaviour (SB) to adverse physical health outcomes in adults and youth. Although evidence for the relationship between SB and mental health outcomes (e.g., depression) is emerging, little is known regarding risk of anxiety. METHODS: A systematic search for original research investigating the association between SB and risk of anxiety was performed using numerous electronic databases. A total of nine observational studies (seven cross-sectional and two longitudinal) were identified. Methodological quality of studies was assessed and a best-evidence synthesis was conducted. RESULTS: One cross-sectional study demonstrated a strong methodological quality, five cross-sectional studies demonstrated a moderate methodological quality and three studies (two cross-sectional one longitudinal) received a weak methodological quality rating. Overall, there was moderate evidence for a positive relationship between total SB and anxiety risk as well as for a positive relationship between sitting time and anxiety risk. There was inconsistent evidence for the relationship between screen time, television viewing time, computer use, and anxiety risk. CONCLUSION: Limited evidence is available on the association between SB and risk of anxiety. However, our findings suggest a positive association (i.e. anxiety risk increases as SB time increases) may exist (particularly between sitting time and risk of anxiety). Further high-quality longitudinal/interventional research is needed to confirm findings and determine the direction of these relationships.
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“Currently, clinical guidelines for metabolic screening upon initiation or continuation of SGAs put forth that blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), blood glucose and lipids should be checked at least every six months.[131][132][133]”
From The Lancet Psychiatry Commission: a blueprint for protecting physical health in people with mental illness (2019) · cites this paper as [133]
In the citing paper
“While positive associations between screen-based sedentary behaviors and emotional disorder symptoms have been previously identified, much of the work to date is cross-sectional (Hoare et al., 2016; Teychenne et al., 2015)”
From Reciprocal associations between screen time and emotional disorder symptoms during adolescence (2019) · cites this paper as Teychenne et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“Conversely, physical inactivity has been identified as a risk factor for the development of anxiety [53] as well as for other conditions such as depression [54–56].”
From Moving to Beat Anxiety: Epidemiology and Therapeutic Issues with Physical Activity for Anxiety (2018) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“Factors such as physical inactivity represent a significant, but modifiable cardiovascular risk factor that is widespread in people with mental health problems [107], including anxiety disorders [25•, 53].”
From Moving to Beat Anxiety: Epidemiology and Therapeutic Issues with Physical Activity for Anxiety (2018) · cites this paper as [53]
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Citations
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Assessment of Spanish Food Consumption Patterns during COVID-19 Home Confinement
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The Associations Between Screen Time and Mental Health in Adults: A Systematic Review
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Sedentary behaviors and psychological outcomes among older adults: a systematic review
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“In contrast, extensive SED may affect these mental health outcomes negatively [11,12], while both too long and too short sleep durations are associated with worse mental health [14,15].”
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“Mental health may also be negatively impacted by sedentary behavior, as more sedentary time has been associated with a higher risk of experiencing symptoms of depression or anxiety [3,4].”
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“50 Researchers in the college population also recommend regular participation in sports and PA to reduce anxiety and depression.”
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“Recent reviews have found that SB is associated with increased risk of depression [67], and suggest positive associations between SB and anxiety risk [68].”
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“Previous research has demonstrated a link between sedentary time and mental health (46,47), and a small number of interventions suggest that changing sedentary time may influence mental health-related outcomes in generally healthy populations.”
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“These results support previous cross-sectional and prospective findings that self-reported high sedentary behaviour is associated with a greater risk of anxiety symptoms in adolescents (Allen et al., 2019; Hoare et al., 2016; Schuch et al., 2019; Teychenne et al., 2015).”
BackgroundResultHousing quality and behavior affect brain health and anxiety in healthy Japanese adults
Pineda, J. C. D., Kokubun, K., Ikaga, T., & Yamakawa, Y. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-91363-4 · Cited by 24
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“Although previous studies have provided some evidence on the negative associations of prolonged sedentary time on some mental health indicators (25, 26), it remains to elucidate the associations of different types of screen-based sedentary behaviors with anxiety in colleges students.”
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“Consequently, prolonged sitting has also been found to predict decreased psychological health, including depressiveness, anxiety and cognitive impairment (Teychenne et al. 2010, 2015; Huang et al. 2020).”
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“Nevertheless, links between sedentary behavior (prolonged sitting or television viewing, computer working in the office) and poor mental health have been found [17,18].”
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“Notably, cardiometabolic changes in both intervention groups occurred following a single-component intervention and may be of importance for future interventions seeking to attenuate cardiometabolic risk factors associated with adverse health outcomes [55].”
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“Moreover, sedentary behaviour is associated with an increased risk of developing anxiety (8), and less sports participation is associated with greater symptom severity and increased odds of developing an anxiety disorder 2 years later (9).”
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“In addition, SB may have an impact on mental health and the risk of developing anxiety or depression may increase (Primack et al., 2009; Teychenne et al., 2015) independently of physical activity (Ministerio de Salud, 2017; Jiang et al.”
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“Anxiety is known as a psychological state characterized by persistent and excessive worry that interferes with daily activities, accompanied by physiological tension such as palpitations or trembling and negative emotions (56, 57).”
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“Previous studies have also suggested that rheumatoid arthritis 53 and sedentary behavior 54 can increase the risk of anxiety.”
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Urbano-Mairena, J., Mendoza-Muñoz, M., Carlos‐Vivas, J., Pastor-Cisneros, R., Castillo-Paredes, A., Rodal, M., & Bermejo, L. M. (2024) · Children · doi:10.3390/children11020181 · Cited by 17
“Cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, type II diabetes [9–11], and mental health issues [12], such as depressive and/or anxiety disorders [13,14], are some of the diseases related to sedentary and inactive lifestyles.”
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“While this may not have been sufficient to prevent weight gain, the benefits of decreasing sedentary time have been shown in other studies to reduce cardiometabolic and inflammatory biomarkers [30] as well as reduction in risk of anxiety and depression [31, 32].”
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Liu, S., Coulter, R., Sui, W., Nuss, K. J., & Rhodes, R. E. (2023) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2022-0379 · Cited by 15
Teychenne, M. J., Olstad, D. L., Turner, A. I., Costigan, S. A., & Ball, K. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15040586 · Cited by 12
“, sitting or reclining behaviours that expend minimal energy such as television (TV) viewing, sitting at the computer) with poor mental health, and in particular with anxiety [3] and depressive symptoms [4].”
BackgroundSelf-citationSedentary Behavior and Mental Health
Smith, L., Hamer, M., & Gardner, B. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812605-9.00006-x · Cited by 12
Nonworksite Interventions to Reduce Sedentary Behavior among Adults: A Systematic Review
Thraen-Borowski, K. M., Ellingson, L. D., Meyer, J. D., & Cadmus‐Bertram, L. (2017) · Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1249/tjx.0000000000000036 · Cited by 12
Kishida, M., & Elavsky, S. (2016) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-016-9743-z · Cited by 12
“Indeed, this proposed pathway (derived from the social withdrawal theory; Teychenne et al. 2015), may be especially relevant for women, who have a natural tendency to seek social support during times of stress (Taylor et al. 2000).”
BackgroundInfluentialLarisch, L.-M., Kallings, L., Jakobsson, B. T., & Blom, V. (2023) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1080/17482631.2023.2258564 · Cited by 11
“Increasing physical activity and decreasing sedentary behaviour can improve mental health (Naczenski et al., 2017; Schuch et al., 2018; Stubbs et al., 2017; Teychenne et al., 2015; Zhai et al., 2015).”
BackgroundTekeci, Y., Torpil, B., & Altuntaş, O. (2024) · Children · doi:10.3390/children11040464 · Cited by 28
Beijers, R. J. H. C. G., van Iersel, L. E. J., Schuurman, L., Hageman, R. J. J., Simons, S. O., van Helvoort, A., Gosker, H. R., & Schols, A. M. W. J. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059252 · Cited by 14
Coletro, H. N., Mendonça, R. D. D., Meireles, A. L., Machado-Coelho, G. L. L., & de Menezes, M. C. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.1042425 · Cited by 11
Dang, K., Ritvo, P., Katz, J. D., Gratzer, D., Knyahnytska, Y., Ortiz, A., Walters, C., Attia, M., Gonzalez‐Torres, C., Lustig, A., et al. (2023) · Interactive Journal of Medical Research · doi:10.2196/46419 · Cited by 12
“baseline anxiety [51,52], and baseline pain [26,53] were selected as covariates given their established relationships with PA and depression improvement).”
MethodYin, X., Chen, M., He, R., Wu, S., Xia, H., Xie, F., & Wang, H. (2020) · The International Journal of Health Planning and Management · doi:10.1002/hpm.3070 · Cited by 12
Carter, S. E., Draijer, R., Stewart, C. E., Moss, A. D., Thijssen, D. H. J., & Hopkins, N. D. (2021) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-021-00753-8 · Cited by 13
“High amounts of sedentary behaviour (SB), any waking behaviour in a sitting, reclining or lying posture [1], are associated with clinical mood disorders, such as depression [2] and anxiety [3], and decreased cognition [4, 5].”
BackgroundPsychometric properties of the Brunel Mood Scale among athletes and non-athletes in Singapore
Han, C. S. Y., Parsons-Smith, R. L., Fogarty, G. J., & Terry, P. C. (2021) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2021.1919740 · Cited by 11
“For example, considering the maladaptive psychological effects of sedentary behaviours (e.g., Proper et al., 2011; Teychenne et al., 2015), practitioners and clinicians might consider ways to promote physical activity to inactive clients, and to encourage the maintenance of physical activity among…”
BackgroundShort, M., Martin, K., Livingston, L. A., & Côté, P. (2021) · Psychiatry Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.psycom.2021.100007 · Cited by 11
Moore, S. A., Flynn, D., Jones, S., Price, C., & Avery, L. (2022) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-022-01139-4 · Cited by 10
“As sedentary behaviour is a common problem following stroke [2, 28], associated with poor health outcomes [29] and reduced quality of life [30], this finding was somewhat surprising.”
BackgroundPhysical activity and sedentary behaviour in patients admitted with COPD: Associated factors
Esteban, C., Antón-Ladislao, A., Arámburu, A., Chasco, L., Orive, M., Sobradillo, P., Roldan, L. L., Jiménez-Puente, A., de Miguel‐Díez, J., García‐Talavera, I., et al. (2023) · Respiratory Medicine and Research · doi:10.1016/j.resmer.2023.101052 · Cited by 10
Machine learning applications in the analysis of sedentary behavior and associated health risks
Hammad, A. S., Tajammul, A., Dergaa, I., & Al‐Asmakh, M. (2025) · Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1538807 · Cited by 13
Arabi‐Mianrood, H., Hamzehgardeshi, Z., Jahanfar, S., Moosazadeh, M., Khoori, E., & Shahhosseini, Z. (2020) · Nursing Open · doi:10.1002/nop2.596 · Cited by 9
Pre-existing low-back symptoms impact adversely on sitting time reduction in office workers
Coenen, P., Healy, G. N., WINKLER, E. A. H., Dunstan, D. W., Owen, N. G., Moodie, M., LaMontagne, A. D., Eakin, E., & Straker, L. M. (2017) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-017-1223-1 · Cited by 12
“…evidence showing that high levels of overall sitting time are associated with adverse health outcomes, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (Biswas et al. 2015), some cancers (Schmid and Leitzmann 2014; Zhang et al. 2014) and depression (Teychenne et al. 2015; Zhai et al. 2014).”
BackgroundRyde, G. C., Dreczkowski, G., Gallagher, I. J., Chesham, R. A., & Gorely, T. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16111906 · Cited by 10
Xiang, M., Zhang, Z.-R., & Liang, H.-G. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.086 · Cited by 9
Öğrencilerin Yazma Kaygılarının Yazma Eğilimleriyle İlişkisi
Deniz, H., & Demir, S. (2019) · Erzincan Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.17556/erziefd.520894 · Cited by 11
Claesdotter‐Knutsson, E., & Håkansson, A. (2021) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/30747 · Cited by 10
“Excessive screen time use has been shown to be associated with a range of negative mental health outcomes such as anxiety and depression [12-14].”
BackgroundOjo, S. O., Bailey, D. P., Chater, A., & Hewson, D. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.832374 · Cited by 9
24-hour movement behaviours and mental health in non-clinical populations: A systematic review
Dale, R., O’Rourke, T., Nußbaumer-Streit, B., & Probst, T. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0325445 · Cited by 11
“For example, meta-analyses have revealed physical activity reduces depression and anxiety symptoms [14,15,18], reduced sedentary time lowers anxiety and increases wellbeing [16,17] and better sleep improves a number of mental health measures [19].”
Işıkgöz, M. E. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0327393 · Cited by 24
“The sedentary lifestyle that has emerged with the acceleration of digitalization has a negative impact on adolescents’ participation in physical activities, which further increases the importance of motivational processes [5,6].”
McKeon, G., Fitzgerald, C., Furzer, B. J., Rosenbaum, S., Stanton, R., Lederman, O., Harvey, S. B., & Wright, K. E. (2022) · The Journal of Mental Health Training Education and Practice · doi:10.1108/jmhtep-07-2021-0084 · Cited by 9
Szuhany, K. L., Steinberg, M. H., McLaughlin, N. C. R., Mancebo, M. C., Brown, R. A., Greenberg, B. D., Simon, N. M., & Abrantes, A. M. (2023) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.12.010 · Cited by 9
Edwardson, C. L., Maylor, B. D., Biddle, S., Clemes, S. A., Cox, E., Davies, M. J., Dunstan, D. W., Eborall, H., Granat, M. H., Gray, L. J., et al. (2023) · Public Health Research · doi:10.3310/dnyc2141 · Cited by 12
The Descriptive Epidemiology of Sedentary Behaviour
Ahrensberg, H., Petersen, C. B., Jacobsen, J. N. W., Toftager, M., & Bauman, A. E. (2023) · Springer series on epidemiology and public health · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-41881-5_2 · Cited by 10
Complex Dynamics of Meditating Body
Bhardwaj, R., & Bangia, A. (2016) · Indian Journal of Industrial and Applied Mathematics · doi:10.5958/1945-919x.2016.00010.4 · Cited by 9
Shawon, M. S. R., Hossain, F. B., Thabrew, K. A. S., Kabir, S., Mahmood, S., & Islam, S. (2024) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2024.100665 · Cited by 13
Kim, J. A., Choi, J. I., Lee, S. J., & Jeong, E. J. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1539162 · Cited by 8
“Anxiety refers to persistent and excessive worry that leads to physiological tension and negative mood, interfering with normal daily activities (Gale and Oakley-Browne, 2004; Teychenne et al., 2015 ).”
Physical Activity and Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Australia: A Lifetable Analysis
Wanjau, M. N., Möller, H., Haigh, F., Milat, A., Hayek, R., Lucas, P., & Veerman, L. J. (2022) · AJPM Focus · doi:10.1016/j.focus.2022.100030 · Cited by 8
Physical activity and mental health of medical students
Stratakis, K., Terzić-Šupić, Z., Todorović, J., Nešić, D., & Novaković, I. V. (2024) · Central European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.21101/cejph.a8097 · Cited by 8
Evaluating the impact of rock climbing on mental health and emotional well-being in adolescents
Gürer, H., Akçınar, F., Arslan, S. C., AKÇINAR, S., Güllü, M., Eken, Ö., Kurtoğlu, A., Ilkım, M., Alotaibi, M. H., & Elkholi, S. M. A. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1426654 · Cited by 15
Lawanont, W., & Inoue, M. (2018) · International Conference on Electronics, Information, and Communication (ICEIC) · doi:10.23919/elinfocom.2018.8330700 · Cited by 8
“[4] suggested that a sedentary workstation and the behavior is associate”
BackgroundPatterns of Objectively Measured Sedentary Time and Emotional Disorder Symptoms Among Youth
Zink, J., Yang, C., McAlister, K. L., Huh, J., Pentz, M. A., Page, K. A., Belcher, B. R., & Dunton, G. F. (2022) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsac014 · Cited by 8
Toczko, M., Merrigan, J. J., Boolani, A., Guempel, B., Milani, I., & Martin, J. R. (2022) · Health Promotion Perspectives · doi:10.34172/hpp.2022.10 · Cited by 8
Lu, H., Liang, G., Li, D., Liu, M.-X., Yin, Z.-J., Li, Y.-Z., Zhang, T., & Pan, C.-W. (2023) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2023.2217380 · Cited by 8
“…et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2019; Y. Zhang et al., 2022), frequent screen-based activity increases the risk of low social adaptability (Lissak, 2018) and several negative emotional states, including depression (Wang et al., 2019), anxiety (Teychenne et al., 2015) and stress (Leppänen et al., 2020).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBurnout, psychological wellbeing, and musculoskeletal complaints in UK GPs: an observational study
Biddle, G. J. H., Thomas, N. P. B., Edwardson, C. L., Clemes, S. A., & Daley, A. (2023) · BJGP Open · doi:10.3399/bjgpo.2023.0007 · Cited by 8
“24,25 This study did not show any differences in burnout, psychological wellbeing, and musculoskeletal complaints between those who work less or more than 9 hours per day, or between those who work for less or more than 3 days per week.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Teychenne, M., Costigan, S. A., & Parker, K.
- Affiliations
- Deakin University (AU)
- University of Newcastle Australia (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Teychenne, Megan
- Venue
- BMC Public Health
- Published
- 2015-06-19
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 513-513
- ISSN
- 1471-2458 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4474345
- OpenAlex
- W1943532712
- Cited by
- 351
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 2.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deakin Research Online (Deakin University) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- sedentary behavior, anxiety, sitting time, screen time, television viewing, computer use, mental health, physical inactivity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Humans, Male, Risk Assessment, Sedentary Behavior
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