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The association between sedentary behaviour and risk of anxiety: a systematic review
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Previous research has linked sedentary behaviour (SB) to adverse physical health outcomes in adults and youth. Although evidence for the relationship between SB and mental health outcomes (e.g., depression) is emerging, little is known regarding risk of anxiety. METHODS: A systematic search for original research investigating the association between SB and risk of anxiety was performed using numerous electronic databases. A total of nine observational studies (seven cross-sectional and two longitudinal) were identified. Methodological quality of studies was assessed and a best-evidence synthesis was conducted. RESULTS: One cross-sectional study demonstrated a strong methodological quality, five cross-sectional studies demonstrated a moderate methodological quality and three studies (two cross-sectional one longitudinal) received a weak methodological quality rating. Overall, there was moderate evidence for a positive relationship between total SB and anxiety risk as well as for a positive relationship between sitting time and anxiety risk. There was inconsistent evidence for the relationship between screen time, television viewing time, computer use, and anxiety risk. CONCLUSION: Limited evidence is available on the association between SB and risk of anxiety. However, our findings suggest a positive association (i.e. anxiety risk increases as SB time increases) may exist (particularly between sitting time and risk of anxiety). Further high-quality longitudinal/interventional research is needed to confirm findings and determine the direction of these relationships.
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“Currently, clinical guidelines for metabolic screening upon initiation or continuation of SGAs put forth that blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), blood glucose and lipids should be checked at least every six months.[131][132][133]”
From The Lancet Psychiatry Commission: a blueprint for protecting physical health in people with mental illness (2019) · cites this paper as [133]
In the citing paper
“While positive associations between screen-based sedentary behaviors and emotional disorder symptoms have been previously identified, much of the work to date is cross-sectional (Hoare et al., 2016; Teychenne et al., 2015)”
From Reciprocal associations between screen time and emotional disorder symptoms during adolescence (2019) · cites this paper as Teychenne et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“Conversely, physical inactivity has been identified as a risk factor for the development of anxiety [53] as well as for other conditions such as depression [54–56].”
From Moving to Beat Anxiety: Epidemiology and Therapeutic Issues with Physical Activity for Anxiety (2018) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“Factors such as physical inactivity represent a significant, but modifiable cardiovascular risk factor that is widespread in people with mental health problems [107], including anxiety disorders [25•, 53].”
From Moving to Beat Anxiety: Epidemiology and Therapeutic Issues with Physical Activity for Anxiety (2018) · cites this paper as [53]
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Citations
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“Of particular relevance to our present study, a recent systematic review demonstrated a positive association between sedentary behavior and anxiety (Teychenne et al., 2015).”
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“While positive associations between screen-based sedentary behaviors and emotional disorder symptoms have been previously identified, much of the work to date is cross-sectional (Hoare et al., 2016; Teychenne et al., 2015), and thus it is plausible that the associations are reciprocal (Gunnell et al.”
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Throuvala, M. A., Griffiths, M. D., Rennoldson, M., & Kuss, D. J. (2020) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-019-00213-y · Cited by 58
“depression and anxiety) (Asare 2015; Boers et al. 2019; Liu et al. 2015; Teychenne et al. 2015) including severe depressive symptomatology in obese adolescents (Goldfield et al.”
BackgroundŞengel, Ü., Genç, G., Işkın, M., Çevrimkaya, M., Zengin, B., & Sarıışık, M. (2022) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights · doi:10.1108/jhti-10-2021-0295 · Cited by 53
Exercise Intervention in Treatment of Neuropsychological Diseases: A Review
Chen, Z., Lan, W., Yang, G., Li, Y., Xiang, J., Chen, L., Zhou, Y. N., & Li, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.569206 · Cited by 53
“Sedentary lifestyles increase the risk of developing anxiety disorders (Teychenne et al., 2015) or other mental disorders such as depression (Schuch et al.”
BackgroundAlzahrani, H. A., Alshehri, M. A., Alzhrani, M., Alshehri, Y. S., & Attar, W. S. A. A. (2022) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.13127 · Cited by 53
Lewis, R., Roden, L. C., Scheuermaier, K. D., Gómez-Olivé, F. X., Rae, D. E., Iacovides, S., Bentley, A., Davy, J., Christie, C. J.-A., Zschernack, S., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-02021-8 · Cited by 47
Increased Risks of Mental Disorders: Youth with Inactive Physical Activity
Denche-Zamorano, Á. M., Franco-García, J. M., Carlos‐Vivas, J., Mendoza-Muñoz, M., Pereira-Payo, D., Pastor-Cisneros, R., Merellano-Navarro, E., & Adsuar, J. C. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10020237 · Cited by 49
“9%); physical inactivity seemed to be related to a higher predisposition to experience mental disorders n Spanish youth, something th t has already been found in ther studies, whe e physical inactivity was related to an increased risk of suffering anxiety [26,48].”
BackgroundVancampfort, D., Vandael, H., Hallgren, M. Å., Probst, M., Hagemann, N., Bouckaert, F., & Damme, T. V. (2018) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.07.014 · Cited by 49
Sampasa-Kanyinga, H., Chaput, J.-P., Goldfield, G. S., Janssen, I., Wang, J., Hamilton, H. A., Ferro, M. A., & Colman, I. (2021) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743720970863 · Cited by 39
Medical student wellness in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide survey
Nikolis, A., Wakim, A., Adams, W., & Bajaj, P. (2021) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-021-02837-y · Cited by 45
Dillon, K., Rollo, S., & Harry Prapavessis, A. (2021) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2021.1900574 · Cited by 39
“High levels of sitting have also been shown to have an impact on mental well-being, such as increased risk of anxiety and depression (Teychenne et al., 2015; Zhai et al., 2015).”
BackgroundHofman, A., Voortman, T., Ikram, M. A., & Luik, A. I. (2021) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2020-215883 · Cited by 40
Skarpsno, E. S., Nilsen, T. I. L., Sand, T., Hagen, K., & Mork, P. J. (2017) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12580 · Cited by 38
“The sleep-promoting effect of physical activity is not understood fully, but physical activity can improve psychological health and wellbeing (Park, 2014; Teychenne et al., 2015) which, in”
BackgroundDuncan, F., Baskin, C., McGrath, M., Coker, J. F., Lee, C. Y., Dykxhoorn, J. L., Adams, E. A., Gnani, S., Lafortune, L., Kirkbride, J. B., et al. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11741-5 · Cited by 45
Koyanagi, A., Stubbs, B., Smith, L., Gardner, B., & Vancampfort, D. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0186992 · Cited by 41
“However, previous research in Western populations has demonstrated that being sedentary may increase the risk of developing anxiety [54], possibly through increasing inflammatory markers [55].”
BackgroundAddictive Eating and Its Relation to Physical Activity and Sleep Behavior
Li, J., Pursey, K., Duncan, M. J., & Burrows, T. L. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10101428 · Cited by 42
“There is also some evidence suggesting that greater sitting time and other sedentary behaviors in addition to sleep disorders may also influence mental health outcomes [67] given sleep disorders can be a core symptom of depression [68].”
BackgroundThe impact of sitting time and physical activity on mental health during COVID-19 lockdown
Pears, M., Kola, S., & Azevedo, L. B. (2021) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-021-00791-2 · Cited by 43
“However, the association between wellbeing and sedentary behaviour is controversial [53, 54], and sedentary behaviour appears to have only a small effect on anxiety [55, 56].”
BackgroundMeyer, J. D., Torres, E. R., Grabow, M., Zgierska, A. E., Teng, H., Coe, C. L., & Barrett, B. P. (2018) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001636 · Cited by 36
Temporal Associations of Screen Time and Anxiety Symptoms Among Adolescents
Boers, E., Afzali, M. H., & Conrod, P. (2019) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743719885486 · Cited by 36
“Abrégé Il y a des indications que le temps d’écran est associé à des symptômes d’anxiété chez des adolescents (1), mais d’une perspective longitudinale, la magnitude, la spécificité et la préséance temporelle de cette association sont relativement sousexplorées.”
Stroke survivors’ perceptions of their sedentary behaviours three months after stroke
Fitzsimons, C. F., Nicholson, S. L., Morris, J. H., Mead, G. E., CHASTIN, S. F. M., & Niven, A. G. (2020) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2020.1768304 · Cited by 36
Baldanzi, G., Sayols-Baixeras, S., Ekblom‐Bak, E., Ekblom, Ö. B., Dekkers, K. F., Hammar, U., Nguyen, D. T., Ahmad, S., Ericson, U., Arvidsson, D., et al. (2024) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.104989 · Cited by 37
Computer use at work is associated with self-reported depressive and anxiety disorder
Kim, T., Kang, M.-Y., Yoo, M.-S., Lee, D., & Hong, Y.-C. (2016) · Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1186/s40557-016-0146-8 · Cited by 26
“Recently, systematic reviews investigated that sedentary works including computer work were related with depression and anxiety [26 – 28].”
BackgroundAssociation of objective sedentary behaviour and self-rated health in English older adults
Wilson, J. J., Blackburn, N. E., O’Reilly, R., Kee, F., Caserotti, P., & Tully, M. A. (2019) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-019-4050-5 · Cited by 39
Biddle, S., Henson, J. J., Davies, M. J., Khunti, K. K., Sutton, S. R., Yates, T. E., & Edwardson, C. L. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.037 · Cited by 34
Claesdotter‐Knutsson, E., André, F., & Håkansson, A. (2021) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/33059 · Cited by 34
“However, excessive screen time has been shown to be associated with a range of negative mental health outcomes, including anxiety and depression, in adolescents considered particularly vulnerable to a problematic use of online media [32-34].”
BackgroundJohnstad, P. G. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1268339 · Cited by 37
“Reviews have also found evidence of an association between anxiety and sedentary behavior (68–71) and poor diet quality (49, 52).”
BackgroundKleppang, A. L., Thurston, M. N., Hartz, I., & Hagquist, C. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494817716374 · Cited by 37
Daily Sedentary Behavior Predicts Pain and Affect in Knee Arthritis
Zhaoyang, R., & Martire, L. M. (2018) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kay073 · Cited by 35
“Consistent with previous studies [5], we also found evidence that individuals who spent more time in SB in general reported lower positive affect and higher negative affect in general than those who spent less time in SB.”
ResultSvensson, M., Brundin, L., Erhardt, S., Hållmarker, U., James, S. K., & Deierborg, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.714014 · Cited by 36
Khazaal, W., Taliani, M., Boutros, C., Abou-Abbas, L., Hosseini, H., Salameh, P., & Sadier, N. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.663267 · Cited by 31
Barbosa, B. C. R., de Menezes-Júnior, L. A. A., de Paula, W., Chagas, C. M. D. S., Machado, E. L., de Freitas, E. D., Cardoso, C. S., Vidigal, F. D. C., Nobre, L. N., da Silva, L. S., et al. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19345-5 · Cited by 41
“Indirect mechanisms linking the association of SB and mental health can be explained by intermediate factors such as obesity, unhealthy eating habits, and sleep disorders [15, 44, 45].”
BackgroundTan, S. L., Jetzke, M., Vergeld, V., & Müller, C. (2020) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/20119 · Cited by 40
“These scenarios could find their rationale in the observation that university students engage in high volumes of ST due to activities like attending lectures and studying that potentially place them at detrimental physical [49] and mental health states [59,60].”
BackgroundCocker, K. A. D., Teychenne, M. J., White, R. L., & Bennie, J. A. (2020) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106192 · Cited by 32
Self-citation24-Hour movement behaviors among visually impaired US children and adolescents
Hou, M., Herold, F., Healy, S., Haegele, J. A., Block, M. E., Ludyga, S., Schuch, F. B., Ng, J. L., Gerber, M., Hossain, M. M., et al. (2023) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2023.100545 · Cited by 30
Zhao, G., Xiao, L., Chen, Y.-H., Zhang, M., Peng, K.-W., & Wu, H. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.10.041 · Cited by 32
Chen, L., Zhang, X., Hu, C., Zhang, Y., Zhang, L., Kan, J.-T., Li, B., & Du, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.01320 · Cited by 28
Skarpsno, E. S., Mork, P. J., Nilsen, T. I. L., Jørgensen, M. B., & Holtermann, A. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.3688 · Cited by 29
“Furthermore, LTPA can improve psychological health and well-being (46, 47), which in turn may reduce the risk of insomnia (48).”
BackgroundAshdown‐Franks, G., Koyanagi, A., Vancampfort, D., Smith, L., Firth, J., Schuch, F. B., Veronese, N., & Stubbs, B. (2018) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.08.005 · Cited by 32
on behalf of the Seniors USP team, Okely, J. A., Čukić, I., Shaw, R. J., CHASTIN, S. F. M., Dall, P., Deary, I. J., Der, G., Dontje, M. L., Skelton, D. A., et al. (2019) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-019-1026-1 · Cited by 28
National Adolescent School-based Health Survey - PeNSE 2015: Sedentary behavior and its correlates
Silva, R. M. A., Andrade, A. C. D. S., Caiaffa, W. T., de Medeiros, D. S., & Bezerra, V. M. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0228373 · Cited by 32
“SB has been associated with the occurrence of adverse physical and mental health outcomes, such as diabetes, cancer, metabolic syndrome, obesity, cardiovascular disorders, mortality [2–5], anxiety, self-esteem, and depression [6, 7].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Teychenne, M., Costigan, S. A., & Parker, K.
- Affiliations
- Deakin University (AU)
- University of Newcastle Australia (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Teychenne, Megan
- Venue
- BMC Public Health
- Published
- 2015-06-19
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 513-513
- ISSN
- 1471-2458 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4474345
- OpenAlex
- W1943532712
- Cited by
- 351
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 2.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deakin Research Online (Deakin University) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- sedentary behavior, anxiety, sitting time, screen time, television viewing, computer use, mental health, physical inactivity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Humans, Male, Risk Assessment, Sedentary Behavior
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