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The association between sedentary behaviour and risk of anxiety: a systematic review
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Previous research has linked sedentary behaviour (SB) to adverse physical health outcomes in adults and youth. Although evidence for the relationship between SB and mental health outcomes (e.g., depression) is emerging, little is known regarding risk of anxiety. METHODS: A systematic search for original research investigating the association between SB and risk of anxiety was performed using numerous electronic databases. A total of nine observational studies (seven cross-sectional and two longitudinal) were identified. Methodological quality of studies was assessed and a best-evidence synthesis was conducted. RESULTS: One cross-sectional study demonstrated a strong methodological quality, five cross-sectional studies demonstrated a moderate methodological quality and three studies (two cross-sectional one longitudinal) received a weak methodological quality rating. Overall, there was moderate evidence for a positive relationship between total SB and anxiety risk as well as for a positive relationship between sitting time and anxiety risk. There was inconsistent evidence for the relationship between screen time, television viewing time, computer use, and anxiety risk. CONCLUSION: Limited evidence is available on the association between SB and risk of anxiety. However, our findings suggest a positive association (i.e. anxiety risk increases as SB time increases) may exist (particularly between sitting time and risk of anxiety). Further high-quality longitudinal/interventional research is needed to confirm findings and determine the direction of these relationships.
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“Currently, clinical guidelines for metabolic screening upon initiation or continuation of SGAs put forth that blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), blood glucose and lipids should be checked at least every six months.[131][132][133]”
From The Lancet Psychiatry Commission: a blueprint for protecting physical health in people with mental illness (2019) · cites this paper as [133]
In the citing paper
“While positive associations between screen-based sedentary behaviors and emotional disorder symptoms have been previously identified, much of the work to date is cross-sectional (Hoare et al., 2016; Teychenne et al., 2015)”
From Reciprocal associations between screen time and emotional disorder symptoms during adolescence (2019) · cites this paper as Teychenne et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“Conversely, physical inactivity has been identified as a risk factor for the development of anxiety [53] as well as for other conditions such as depression [54–56].”
From Moving to Beat Anxiety: Epidemiology and Therapeutic Issues with Physical Activity for Anxiety (2018) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“Factors such as physical inactivity represent a significant, but modifiable cardiovascular risk factor that is widespread in people with mental health problems [107], including anxiety disorders [25•, 53].”
From Moving to Beat Anxiety: Epidemiology and Therapeutic Issues with Physical Activity for Anxiety (2018) · cites this paper as [53]
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Citations
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BackgroundEffect of sleep, breakfast and physical activity on test anxiety and psychological distress
Aziz, N. (2020) · GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.30574/gscbps.2020.13.2.0382 · Cited by 2
“[18]Test anxiety is considerably less in physically active students and sedentary behavior increases anxiety risk[19,20] Physical fitness is associated with lower anxiety in children [21] John Ratey from Harvard University explains that exercise increases the neurotransmitters like serotonin,Gamma amonobutyric acid (G…”
BackgroundIhbour, S., Boulhanna, A., Hnini, R., Chigr, F., & Najimi, M. (2022) · Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.8119 · Cited by 2
“Our results are consistent with other previous studies that have indicated that physical activity has a positive effect on depression, anxiety, and overall mental health, for males and females of different ages [21], [22], [23], [24].”
ResultThe Way to Spend a Workday Matters in School Principals' Somatic and Psychological Discomfort
Ning, B., Li, J., Vandecandelaere, M., & Liu, H. (2023) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.13305 · Cited by 3
Feasibility and acceptability of general practitioners using sit–stand desks: a feasibility trial
Biddle, G. J. H., Thomas, N. P. B., Edwardson, C. L., Clemes, S. A., & Daley, A. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084085 · Cited by 2
“3 This is of concern because sitting for long periods is associated with higher risks of cardiovascular disease and mortality, 4–7 poorer mental health 8–13 and lower quality of life.”
BackgroundSedentary behavior and mental health in older adults
Yasunaga, A., Shibata, A., Koohsari, M. J., & Oka, K. (2021) · Stress Science Research · doi:10.5058/stresskagakukenkyu.2021005 · Cited by 1
Sleep duration and mental health in middle-aged and older adults: a study on gender differences
Meng, J., Li, D., Sun, F., Tang, L., Wang, J., & Li, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1600300 · Cited by 1
Sewerbidges‐Williams, L. B., Santos, H. D., Oh, J., & Soliman, G. (2025) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.71284 · Cited by 1
“The demands of caregiving can significantly affect caregivers' physical and emotional well ‐ being [6].”
Interoceptive Signaling by Circulating Insulin Like Growth Factor I and Neuroprotection by Exercise
Zegarra-Valdivia, J. A., de Sevilla, M. E. F., Pignatelli, J., & Torres‐Alemán, I. (2025) · Advances in neurobiology · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-0066-6_12 · Cited by 1
Wadhen, V., Pavey, L., & Vyas, N. S. (2025) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/apps.70040 · Cited by 3
Associations Between 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Quality of Life in School Teachers
Furuta, D. T., Tebar, W. R., da Silva, C. C. M., Delfino, L. D., de Carvalho, A. C., Hernández, P. A. F., Silva, S. C. B., Ferrari, G. L. M., & Christófaro, D. G. D. (2025) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000003649 · Cited by 1
Kaygının Spor Performansı Üzerindeki Rolü: Sporcular Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Kartal, R. (2025) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub1065.c4793 · Cited by 1
Implications of Sedentary Lifestyle for Designing Dynamic Work in Times of Digital Selfness
Bauer, W., & Vocke, C. (2016) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-41694-6_65 · Cited by 1
Exercise, Depression-Anxiety Disorders and Sex Hormones
Crowley, S. K. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44558-8_10 · Cited by 1
Metabolic Syndrome and Psychological Effects of Exercise in Hemodialysis Patients
Hornik, B., Duława, J., & Durmała, J. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182211952 · Cited by 1
“Conversely, lack of physical activity has been identified as a risk factor for the development of anxiety [33].”
Backgroundda Silva, C. S., Teles, G. D. O., Marques, V. A., Silva, M. S., Rebelo, A. C. S., & Fiuza, T. D. S. (2022) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v11i1.25000 · Cited by 1
Costa, T. G., Ramos-Urrea, C., Santos, D. D. A. T., Ostolin, T. L. V. D. P., & de Lira, C. A. B. (2022) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v11i6.28689 · Cited by 1
Reach and Impact of In-Person and Remote Delivery Formats of Walk with Ease
Mazza, N. Z., Lanou, A. J., & Weisner, S. E. (2023) · INQUIRY The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing · doi:10.1177/00469580231152314 · Cited by 1
Postural assessment with the moiré technique in dialyzed patients
Szałowska-Bojarun, M., Mularczyk, M., & Gawlikowska-Sroka, A. K. (2023) · Folia Morphologica · doi:10.5603/fm.a2023.0035 · Cited by 1
“This is not easy because it requires self-discipline and motivation, but the achieved benefits improve the patient’s health and quality of life [18,22,25,29,30,50, 65].”
BackgroundCalm Digital Art Installation for Alleviating Sedentary Anxiety: A Case Study
Wang, Q., He, C., & Hu, J. (2024) · Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications · doi:10.3233/faia240122 · Cited by 1
Wang, J., Teo, W., Burns, S. F., Chung, H. J., Chian, L. K., Sumarta, T. T., Mukherjee, S., Tan, Y. J., & Gooley, J. J. (2024) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2024.2332292 · Cited by 1
“Sedentary lifestyles were also found to be correlated to psychological issues such as depression (Teychenne et al., 2010), anxiety (Teychenne et al., 2015) and chronic stress (Ellingson et al., 2018).”
EFEITOS DO EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO NO TRANSTORNO DE ANSIEDADE GENERALIZADA
Alves, A. L. D. S., & de Castro, C. B. L. (2024) · Cadernos ESP - Revista Científica da Escola de Saúde Pública do Ceará · doi:10.54620/cadesp.v18i1.1533 · Cited by 1
Narayanan, A., Duncan, S., Smith, C., Le, F., Mackay, L. M., McPhee, J., Chaix, B., & Stewart, T. I. (2025) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-025-01769-w · Cited by 1
“Sedentary lifestyles, particularly those involving excessive screen time, can lead to decreased social interaction and increased feelings of isolation, which may worsen anxiety symptoms [41].”
The Effect of Watching Television of Children on Behavioural Problems
Bekar, P., & Arıkan, D. (2016) · Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences · doi:10.5336/nurses.2016-52061 · Cited by 1
Dealing With Worry and Anxiety
Binns, A., Egger, G. J., & Reznik, R. B. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-810401-9.00014-0 · Cited by 1
Ross, V.-M. (2015) · QSpace (Queen's University Library) · Cited by 1
Sedentary behaviours, physical activity and cardiovascular health amongst bus and lorry drivers
Varela-Mato, V. (2016) · Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University) · Cited by 1
Hall, J. F., Corepal, R., Crocker, T. F., Lam, N., Burton, L.-J., Birch, K. M., Carter, G., Clarke, D. J., English, C., Farrin, A. J., et al. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.05.27.21256673 · Cited by 2
“There is evidence for the negative impacts of sedentary behaviour on many health parameters (4, 6, 7), including reduced physical function (8, 9), increased symptoms of depression (10) and anxiety (11), and”
BackgroundPhysical activity interventions
Ussher, M. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511543579.083
Ferguson, W. (2016) · Unitec Research Bank (Unitec Institute of Technology)
Binns, A., Egger, G. J., Sagner, M., & Reznik, R. B. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-23274-9.00014-9
The effects of sitting on cerebrovascular and cognitive function
Carter, S. (2021) · Liverpool John Moores University · doi:10.24377/ljmu.t.00010348
Obesity and Sedentary Lifestyle as Predictors of Anxiety and Depression
Boykin, C., Seidel, S., & Webre, G. (2019)
de Andrade, M. M., Stefane, C. A., & Sato, T. D. O. (2019) · Revista Brasileira de Saúde Funcional · doi:10.25194/rebrasf.v7i1.1118
Cornwall, N. (2019) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)
Community-based exercise rehabilitation in a diverse chronic disease population
Skelly, F. (2021) · Dublin City University Open Access Institutional Repository (Dublin City University)
Lewis, R., Roden, L. C., Scheuermaier, K. D., Gómez-Olivé, F. X., Rae, D. E., Iacovides, S., Bentley, A., Davy, J., Christie, C. J.-A., Zschernack, S., et al. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-525775/v1
Diniz, D. G. S., Medeiros, C. C. M., & de Carvalho, D. F. (2020) · Revista interdisciplinar em saúde · doi:10.35621/23587490.v7.n1.p1774-1787
Rosseto, P. P., de Araújo, M. P., & Silva, I. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1968505/v1
Metadata
- Authors
- Teychenne, M., Costigan, S. A., & Parker, K.
- Affiliations
- Deakin University (AU)
- University of Newcastle Australia (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Teychenne, Megan
- Venue
- BMC Public Health
- Published
- 2015-06-19
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 513-513
- ISSN
- 1471-2458 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4474345
- OpenAlex
- W1943532712
- Cited by
- 351
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 2.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deakin Research Online (Deakin University) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- sedentary behavior, anxiety, sitting time, screen time, television viewing, computer use, mental health, physical inactivity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Humans, Male, Risk Assessment, Sedentary Behavior
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