Exploring when and how adolescents sit: cross-sectional analysis of activPAL-measured patterns of daily sitting time, bouts and breaks
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BACKGROUND: This study describes patterns of adolescents' objectively-measured sitting volume, sitting bouts, and breaks in sitting during different days and periods of the day, and explored differences by sex and weekdays versus weekend days. METHODS: ActivPAL™ data were collected in August 2014-December 2015 from adolescents attending secondary government schools in Melbourne Australia. Eight periods (early morning, mid-morning, morning break, late morning, lunch, early afternoon, late-afternoon and evening) were extracted for each day. School time, class time and out-of-school time were also extracted for weekdays. The percentage of time sitting, percentage of each hour in prolonged sitting (sitting bout ≥10 min), and number of sitting breaks/hour were calculated for each period. Differences by sex, and week and weekend days were determined using t-tests. RESULTS: Participants (n = 297, 15.4 ± 1.6 years) spent 68% of their day sitting; ~ 30% of each hour in prolonged sitting and 3.1 sitting breaks/hour. Sitting time was greater during class time (75%) and school (70%) compared to out-of-school time (65%). Sitting patterns differed between week and weekend days for all periods except the evening period. Girls had higher proportion of sitting during class than boys (76% vs 72% respectively) and school hours (72% vs 67%), more prolonged sitting during school hours (27% vs 23%), and more sitting breaks per hour during out-of-school time (2.6 vs 2.4), but fewer during class (2.5 vs 3.3) and school hours (2.7 vs 3.3). Sitting patterns did not differ by sex on weekend days. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents spent two-thirds of their waking hours sitting, with distinct patterns on weekdays and weekend days. Even though boys and girls were exposed to the same school day routine, girls spent more time sitting and had fewer sitting breaks. Class times, school breaks and the evening period were identified as key intervention periods. Further research is needed to understand the behavioural differences, and guide future intervention design.
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Adolescents spend over 70% of their after-school time sitting.
“adolescents spend over 70% of their after-school time sitting [40]”
From Using Wearable Cameras to Categorize the Type and Context of Screen-Based Behaviors Among Adolescents: Observational Study (2022) · cites this paper as [40]
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- Authors
- Arundell, L., Salmon, J., Koorts, H., Contardo Ayala, A. M., & Timperio, A.
- Affiliations
- Deakin University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Arundell, Lauren
- Venue
- BMC Public Health
- Published
- 2019-06-11
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 653-653
- ISSN
- 1471-2458 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6558889
- OpenAlex
- W2950603612
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 13
- FWCI
- 6.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Deakin University, Alfred Deakin Postdoctoral Research Fellowship (ADPRF)
- Deakin University Postgraduate Research Scholarship (DUPRS)
- National Institutes of Health (R01 HL 111378)
- National Health and Medical Research Council (APP1026216)
- National Heart Foundation of Australia (Award 10046)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- sedentary behavior, sitting breaks, school hours, sex differences, weekday versus weekend differences, out-of-school time, class time, school holidays
- MeSH terms
- Sitting Position, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Australia, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Rest, Schools, Sex Factors, Students, Time Factors, Sedentary Behavior
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