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Cited by 249Behavioral Health and InterventionsPhysical Activity and HealthNutrition, Health and Food Behavior

Capability, opportunity, and motivation: an across contexts empirical examination of the COM-B model

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Willmott, Taylor Jade, Pang, Bo, Rundle-Thiele, Sharyn·2021·BMC Public Health
DOI 10.1186/s12889-021-11019-wPMC PMC8164288
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Abstract

Background: There is limited evidence for successful weight gain prevention interventions targeting young adults. Developing effective interventions necessitates a theoretical model that can identify barriers and enablers for healthy eating and physical activity among young adults to support weight management. This study empirically examines the utility of the COM-B model as a framework for intervention planning across two behavioural contexts: eating and physical activity. Methods: A cross-sectional survey research design was employed to empirically test the COM-B model in the contexts of young adult’s eating and physical activity behaviours. Informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework, pre-validated measures appropriate for capturing the latency of the COM (Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation) constructs were sourced. Both surveys (eating and physical activity) were administered online to two independent samples of young adults aged 18–35 years. Models were specified and tested using structural equation modelling. Results: A total of 582 (mean age = 22.8 years; 80.3% female) and 455 (mean age = 24.9 years; 80.8% female) participants were included in the physical activity and eating analyses, respectively. The COM-B model explained 31% of variance in physical activity behaviour and 23% of variance in eating behaviour. In the physical activity model ( N = 582), capability and opportunity were found to be associated with behaviour through the mediating effect of motivation. In the eating model ( N = 455), capability was found to be associated with behaviour through the mediating effect of motivation. Capability was also found to mediate the association between opportunity and motivation. Consistencies and variations were observed across both models in terms of COM indicators. Conclusions: Findings support the COM-B model’s explanatory potential in the context of young adult’s physical activity and eating behaviours. Barriers and enablers underlying young adult’s physical activity and eating behaviours were identified that represent potential targets for future intervention design. Further research is needed to validate present study findings across different populations and settings.

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  • Literature suggests using BCTT with behaviour change theories and frameworks, such as goal setting theory, TTM, TRA, and COM-B framework, for more effective and sustainable behaviour change.

    “Literature suggests using BCTT with behaviour change theories and frameworks, such as goal setting theory, TTM, TRA, and Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) framework, for more effective and sustainable behaviour change [64–67].”

    From School-based healthy eating interventions for adolescents aged 10–19 years: an umbrella review (2024) · cites this paper as [67]

    The Background and Discussion > Implications for practice (pages unavailable) support using theory to design interventions and suggest mapping behavioural strategies to COM-B constructs. The paper does not specifically recommend using the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy (BCTT) with these frameworks or establish that doing so produces more effective and sustainable behaviour change; it says the effectiveness of an intervention based on its findings cannot yet be guaranteed. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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Authors
Willmott, T. J., Pang, B., & Rundle-Thiele, S.
Affiliations
Griffith University (AU)
Corresponding author
Willmott, Taylor Jade
ORCID
Venue
BMC Public Health
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2021-05-29
Volume
21
Issue
1
Pages
1014-1014
ISSN
1471-2458 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s12889-021-11019-w
PMC
PMC8164288
OpenAlex
W3165610121
Cited by
249
References
21
Citations by year
2026: 65 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 3
FWCI
26.94
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • BMC Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
Australian Government
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Keywords
COM-B model, young adults, eating behaviour, physical activity, weight gain prevention, motivation, capabilities, opportunity, Theoretical Domains Framework, barriers and facilitators, intervention design, healthy eating
MeSH terms
Diet, Healthy, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Motivation, Health Behavior, Exercise, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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