Prevalence of depression in infertile men: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Abstract Background Generally, infertile men hide their depression, which can threaten their health and lower their quality of life. Given the role of depression and its impact on people's health, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression in infertile men. Methods This research is a systematic review and meta-analysis based on preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). Using the keywords of "Depression", "Emotional Depression", "Infertility", "Prevalence", and "Epidemiology", all English language articles were searched in international databases (PubMed, Cochran library, Web of sciences, Scopus, Embase, PsyINFO, and Google scholar) by two reviewers independently and without considering the time limit until September 2022. Title, abstract, full text and quality of each study were evaluated by two reviewers independently using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale checklist. The results were analyzed using programming language and R software, and I2 test and Egger's Test were used to check heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively. Results Twenty-two studies were included in the systematic part of this study; and 8 different measurement tools were used to identify depression. Then, based on the possibility of meta-analysis, 18 studies were included in 4 subgroups. Given the heterogeneity of the articles, random effect model was used. The overall prevalence of depression in infertile men was 18.30%. The lowest and highest overall prevalence of depression in men was reported to be 14.04% and 23.63% in the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZDS) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) tools, respectively. The overall prevalence of depression among infertile men was reported to be 18.55% and 16.75% using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) tools, respectively. Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, the significant prevalence of depression in infertile men requires a specific attention and planning. The study revealed varying degrees of depression among infertile men, emphasizing the importance of assessing their mental health, specifically in terms of depression, during infertility treatments as a hidden variable. It is strongly recommended to develop training programs for health service providers to effectively utilize diagnostic tools in this particular field.
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Infertility is associated with anxiety, depression, and psychological distress.
“cognitive ─ anxiety [4,5], depression [6,7], and psychological distress [8];”
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- [41]Liu Y-F Fu Z Chen S-W He X-P Fan L-Y The analysis of anxiety and depression in different stages of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer in couples in China Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2021 58 3 649 57 10.2147/NDT.S287198 PMC7920591 33658786 · DOI
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Oppong, S. S., Naab, F., Duah, I. O., Ankamah, S., Owiredu, D., Ametor, F. H., Imakando, M. M., Kyei, J. M., & Danso-Appiah, A. (2025) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0335068
- Authors
- Kiani, Z., Fakari, F. R., Hakimzadeh, A., Hajian, S., Fakari, F. R., & Nasiri, M.
- Affiliations
- Shahid Beheshti University (IR)
- North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Hajian, Sepideh
- ORCID
- Venue
- BMC Public Health
- Published
- 2023-10-11
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1972-1972
- ISSN
- 1471-2458 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10568846
- OpenAlex
- W4387529026
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 11
- FWCI
- 1.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Health and Technologies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Male Reproductive Health Studies
- Keywords
- depression, male infertility, prevalence, mental health, depression screening, Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, DASS, infertility treatment
- MeSH terms
- Depression, Humans, Infertility, Male, Quality of Life, Prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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