Prevalence and treatment of depression, anxiety, and conduct problems in US children
Open accessAbstract
Objectives To use the latest data to estimate the prevalence and correlates of currently diagnosed depression, anxiety problems, and behavioral or conduct problems among children, and the receipt of related mental health treatment.Study design We analyzed data from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) to report nationally representative prevalence estimates of each condition among children aged 3-17 years and receipt of treatment by a mental health professional. Parents/caregivers reported whether their children had ever been diagnosed with each of the 3 conditions and whether they currently have the condition. Bivariate analyses were used to examine the prevalence of conditions and treatment according to sociodemographic and health-related characteristics. The independent associations of these characteristics with both the current disorder and utilization of treatment were assessed using multivariable logistic regression.Results Among children aged 3-17 years, 7.1% had current anxiety problems, 7.4% had a current behavioral/conduct problem, and 3.2% had current depression. The prevalence of each disorder was higher with older age and poorer child health or parent/caregiver mental/emotional health; condition-specific variations were observed in the association between other characteristics and the likelihood of disorder. Nearly 80% of those with depression received treatment in the previous year, compared with 59.3% of those with anxiety problems and 53.5% of those with behavioral/conduct problems. Model-adjusted effects indicated that condition severity and presence of a comorbid mental disorder were associated with treatment receipt.Conclusions The latest nationally representative data from the NSCH show that depression, anxiety, and behavioral/conduct problems are prevalent among US children and adolescents. Treatment gaps remain, particularly for anxiety and behavioral/conduct problems.
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Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health conditions during adolescence.
“Research consistently shows that anxiety disorders (ADs) are the most common mental health conditions during adolescence [2–8]”
From Acceptance and commitment therapy as a transdiagnostic approach to adolescents with different anxiety disorders: study protocol. (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
Adolescence is a critical phase of human development where mental health problems, particularly anxiety disorders, are highly prevalent and often persist and/or develop into other disorders throughout an individual's life.
“Adolescence is a critical phase of human development where mental health problems, particularly ADs, are highly prevalent (e.g., [3, 4]) and often persist and/or develop into other disorders throughout an individual's life (e.g., [14, 21]).”
From Acceptance and commitment therapy as a transdiagnostic approach to adolescents with different anxiety disorders: study protocol. (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
Research consistently shows a significant association between youth suicide and mental health issues, including previous suicide attempts.
“Research consistently shows a significant association between youth suicide and mental health issues,17,18 which includes previous suicide attempts, the most robust clinical predictor of a future suicide attempt.14,19”
From Evidence-based youth suicide prevention and intervention in pediatric primary care settings. (2024) · cites this paper as [18]
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- Authors
- Ghandour, R. M., Sherman, L. J., Vladutiu, C. J., Ali, M. M., Lynch, S. E., Bitsko, R. H., & Blumberg, S. J.
- Affiliations
- Health Resources and Services Administration (US)
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ghandour, Reem M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Pediatrics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-03
- Volume
- 206
- Pages
- 256-267.e3
- ISSN
- 0022-3476 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6673640
- OpenAlex
- W2896114619
- Cited by
- 1,135
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 89 · 2025: 122 · 2024: 176 · 2023: 184 · 2022: 231 · 2021: 199 · 2020: 105 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 1 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 95.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Pediatrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (CC999999)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Keywords
- childhood depression, childhood anxiety, conduct problems, behavioral problems, prevalence, psychotherapy, treatment gap, comorbidities, sociodemographic factors, National Survey of Children's Health, children and adolescents
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Child, Preschool, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Prevalence, Conduct Disorder
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