Cited by 496Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychometric Methodologies and TestingPsychological Testing and Assessment

Cross-cultural validation of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in Japan

Kojima, Masayo, Furukawa, Toshiaki A, Takahashi, Hidekatsu, Kawai, Makoto, Nagaya, Teruo, Tokudome, Shinkan·2002·Psychiatry Research

Abstract

The Beck Depression Inventory has undergone substantial revision recently as the BDI-II to correspond to DSM-IV criteria. We developed the Japanese version of the BDI-II and examined its psychometric properties. The linguistic equivalence was verified by a back-translation method. The final translation was administered to the visitors at a public health care center, and the responses of 766 adults (age = 24-82 years, women = 40%) were analyzed. Half of the participants completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) as well. A high level of internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.87) and item homogeneity was confirmed. Exploratory factor analysis showed a two-factor structure (cognitive and somatic-affective), which was almost identical to the original model demonstrated by Beck et al. (1996, Manual for the Beck Depression Inventor Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, TX, USA). The following confirmatory factor analysis also supported the two-factor structure. Adequate correlation (r = 0.69, P < 0.001) between the total score of the BDI-II and that of the CES-D was observed. A higher score for women compared to men, without significant age differences, was consistent with the results of previous reports. We conclude that the Japanese version of the BDI-II is psychometrically robust and can be used to assess depressive symptoms in Japanese people.

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Crossref · 10.1016/s0165-1781(02)00106-3

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Authors
Kojima, M., Furukawa, T. A., Takahashi, H., Kawai, M., Nagaya, T., & Tokudome, S.
Affiliations
  • Nagoya City University (JP)
  • Gifu Prefectural Government (JP)
Corresponding author
Kojima, Masayo
Venue
Psychiatry Research
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2002-07
Volume
110
Issue
3
Pages
291-299
ISSN
0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2031252736
Cited by
496
References
19
Citations by year
2026: 31 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 17
FWCI
9.12
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Keywords
Beck Depression Inventory-II, Japanese version, cross-cultural adaptation, back-translation, psychometric validation, factor structure, CES-D, depressive symptoms, gender differences in depression, internal consistency, DSM-IV diagnostic criteria
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Depression, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Japan, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reproducibility of Results

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