TORC1 regulates the transcriptional response to glucose and developmental cycle via the Tap42-Sit4-Rrd1/2 pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Abstract
Background: Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (TORC1) is a highly conserved eukaryotic protein complex that couples the presence of growth factors and nutrients in the environment with cellular proliferation. TORC1 is primarily implicated in linking amino acid levels with cellular growth in yeast and mammals. Although glucose deprivation has been shown to cause TORC1 inactivation in yeast, the precise role of TORC1 in glucose signaling and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Results: We demonstrate that the presence of glucose in the growth medium is both necessary and sufficient for TORC1 activation. TORC1 activity increases upon addition of glucose to yeast cells growing in a non-fermentable carbon source. Conversely, shifting yeast cells from glucose to a non-fermentable carbon source reduces TORC1 activity. Analysis of transcriptomic data revealed that glucose and TORC1 co-regulate about 27% (1668/6004) of yeast genes. We demonstrate that TORC1 orchestrates the expression of glucose-responsive genes mainly via the Tap42-Sit4-Rrd1/2 pathway. To confirm TORC1’s function in glucose signaling, we tested its role in spore germination, a glucose-dependent developmental state transition in yeast. TORC1 regulates the glucose-responsive genes during spore germination and inhibition of TORC1 blocks spore germination. Conclusions: Our studies indicate that a regulatory loop that involves activation of TORC1 by glucose and regulation of glucose-responsive genes by TORC1, mediates nutritional control of growth and development in yeast.
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In yeasts, integrated TORC1 and PKA signaling have been associated with the temporal activation of glucose-induced gene expression.
“In yeasts, an integrated TORC1 and PKA signaling have been associated with the temporal activation of glucose-induced gene expression (26).”
From Divergent mitochondrial responses and metabolic signal pathways secure the azole resistance in Crabtree-positive and negative <i>Candida</i> species (2024) · cites this paper as [26]
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“In yeasts, an integrated TORC1 and PKA signaling have been associated with the temporal activation of glucose-induced gene expression (26).”
- Authors
- Alfatah, M., Wong, J. H., Krishnan, V. G., Lee, Y. C., Sin, Q. F., Goh, C. J. H., Kong, K. W., Lee, W. T., Lewis, J., Hoon, S., & Arumugam, P.
- Affiliations
- Bioinformatics Institute (SG)
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Arumugam, Prakash
- Venue
- BMC Biology
- Published
- 2021-05-06
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 95-95
- ISSN
- 1741-7007 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8103650
- OpenAlex
- W3159159567
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 2.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (BII)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Keywords
- TORC1, glucose signaling, Sit4, spore germination, developmental cycle, non-fermentable carbon sources, nutrient sensing, transcriptional regulation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- MeSH terms
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1, Carbon, Glucose, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Peptidylprolyl Isomerase, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Protein Phosphatase 2
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