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Cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus: progress toward personalized management
Open accessAbstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main cause of death among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly in low- and middle-income countries. To effectively prevent the development of CVDs in T2DM, considerable effort has been made to explore novel preventive approaches, individualized glycemic control and cardiovascular risk management (strict blood pressure and lipid control), together with recently developed glucose-lowering agents and lipid-lowering drugs. This review mainly addresses the important issues affecting the choice of antidiabetic agents and lipid, blood pressure and antiplatelet treatments considering the cardiovascular status of the patient. Finally, we also discuss the changes in therapy principles underlying CVDs in T2DM.
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“Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a significant threat to people with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), with a two to three times higher incidence compared to people without diabetes or obesity [1, 2].”
From Treatment with orforglipron, an oral glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is associated with improvements of CV risk biomarkers in participants with type 2 diabetes or obesity without diabetes (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
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Caturano, A., Rocco, M. P., Tagliaferri, G., Piacevole, A., Nilo, D., Lorenzo, G. D., Iadicicco, I., Donnarumma, M., Galiero, R., Acierno, C., et al. (2025) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox14010072 · Cited by 178
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Jubaidi, F. F., Zainalabidin, S., Taib, I. S., Hamid, Z. A., Anuar, N. N. M., Jalil, J., Nor, N. A. M., & Budin, S. B. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23158582 · Cited by 116
Diabetes and its complications: molecular mechanisms, prevention and treatment
Zhao, L., Yuan, J., Yang, Q., Ma, J., Yang, F., Zou, Y., Liu, K., & Liu, F. (2026) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-025-02401-w · Cited by 80
“…as statins and PCSK9 inhibitors, particularly angiopoietin-like 3 antibodies and antisense oligonucleotide therapy, signi fi cantly reduce cardiovascular risk 76,259,260 and provide additional bene fi ts beyond cholesterol reduction, including anti-in fl ammatory and endothelial protective effects.”
Wang, Z., He, H., Xie, Y., Li, J., Luo, F., Sun, Z., Zheng, S., Yang, F., Li, X.-X., Chen, X., et al. (2024) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-024-02158-6 · Cited by 54
“Moreover, increasing research has revealed indicators of IR to be valuable predictors for the severity and prognosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) 、 heart failure 、 coronary heart disease (CHD) [8–10].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Ma, C.-X., Ma, X.-N., Guan, C.-H., Li, Y.-D., Mauricio, D., & Fu, S.-B.
- Venue
- Cardiovascular Diabetology
- Published
- 2022-05-14
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 74-74
- ISSN
- 1475-2840 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9107726
- OpenAlex
- W4280586315
- Cited by
- 464
- References
- 137
- Citations by year
- 2026: 97 · 2025: 153 · 2024: 137 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 8
- FWCI
- 13.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cardiovascular Diabetology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Lanzhou University Institutional Repository (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- the Lanzhou Chengguan District Science and Technology Plan Project (2021-9-19)
- the hospital fund of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University (ldyyyn2020-93)
- the Construction Program of Gansu Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Endocrine Diseases (20JR10FA667)
- the Special Funds of Science and Technology Development of the Chinese Central Government to guide Local (1004TCYA032)
- the Gansu Provincial Natural Science Foundation (20JR10RA681)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, personalized medicine, cardiovascular risk management, glycemic control, blood pressure control, lipid-lowering therapy, glucose-lowering agents, antiplatelet therapy, cardiovascular disease prevention, low- and middle-income countries
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Lipids
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