Electric stimulation of the vagus nerve reduced mouse neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Neuroinflammation (NI) is a key feature in the pathogenesis and progression of infectious and non-infectious neuropathologies, and its amelioration usually improves the patient outcome. Peripheral inflammation may promote NI through microglia and astrocytes activation, an increased expression of inflammatory mediators and vascular permeability that may lead to neurodegeneration. Several anti-inflammatory strategies have been proposed to control peripheral inflammation. Among them, electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve (VNS) recently emerged as an alternative to effectively attenuate peripheral inflammation in a variety of pathological conditions with few side effects. Considering that NI underlies several neurologic pathologies we explored herein the possibility that electrically VNS can also exert anti-inflammatory effects in the brain. METHODS: NI was experimentally induced by intraperitoneal injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in C57BL/6 male mice; VNS with constant voltage (5 Hz, 0.75 mA, 2 ms) was applied for 30 s, 48 or 72 h after lipopolysaccharide injection. Twenty four hours later, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα) levels were measured by ELISA in brain and spleen extracts and total brain cells were isolated and microglia and macrophage proliferation and activation was assessed by flow cytometry. The level of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule (Iba-1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were estimated in whole brain extracts and in histologic slides by Western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS: ), 24 h after the electrical stimulus in LPS stimulated mice. A significantly reduced level of Iba-1 expression was also observed in whole brain extracts and in the hippocampus, suggesting a reduction in activated microglia. CONCLUSIONS: VNS is a feasible therapeutic tool to attenuate the NI reaction. Considering that NI accompanies different neuropathologies VNS is a relevant alternative to modulate NI, of particular interest for chronic neurological diseases.
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Vagus nerve stimulation combined with LPS challenge decreases microglial production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα in the brain, an effect no longer observed following vagotomy.
“Vagus nerve stimulation combined with LPS challenge has also been reported to decrease microglial production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα in the brain, an effect no longer observed following vagotomy (Meneses et al., 2016).”
From Microbiome–microglia connections via the gut–brain axis (2019) · cites this paper as Meneses et al., 2016
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“Vagus nerve stimulation combined with LPS challenge has also been reported to decrease microglial production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα in the brain, an effect no longer observed following vagotomy (Meneses et al., 2016).”
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- Authors
- Meneses, G., Bautista, M., Florentino, A., Díaz, G., Acero, G., Besedovsky, H., Meneses, D., Fleury, A., Del Rey, A., Gevorkian, G., Fragoso, G., & Sciutto, E.
- Affiliations
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (MX)
- Philipps University of Marburg (DE)
- Universidad La Salle (MX)
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (MX)
- Corresponding author
- Sciutto, E.
- Venue
- Journal of Inflammation
- Published
- 2016-10-29
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 33-33
- ISSN
- 1476-9255 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5086408
- OpenAlex
- W2539471741
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7
- FWCI
- 3.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Inflammation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (SALUD-2013-01-201448)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- vagus nerve stimulation, neuroinflammation, lipopolysaccharide, peripheral inflammation, microglial activation, inflammatory cytokines, Iba1, glial fibrillary acidic protein, anti-inflammatory therapy, hippocampus, neurodegeneration
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