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Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International Children's Accelerometry Database (ICAD)
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in youth have been reported to vary by sex, age, weight status and country. However, supporting data are often self-reported and/or do not encompass a wide range of ages or geographical locations. This study aimed to describe objectively-measured physical activity and sedentary time patterns in youth. METHODS: The International Children's Accelerometry Database (ICAD) consists of ActiGraph accelerometer data from 20 studies in ten countries, processed using common data reduction procedures. Analyses were conducted on 27,637 participants (2.8-18.4 years) who provided at least three days of valid accelerometer data. Linear regression was used to examine associations between age, sex, weight status, country and physical activity outcomes. RESULTS: Boys were less sedentary and more active than girls at all ages. After 5 years of age there was an average cross-sectional decrease of 4.2% in total physical activity with each additional year of age, due mainly to lower levels of light-intensity physical activity and greater time spent sedentary. Physical activity did not differ by weight status in the youngest children, but from age seven onwards, overweight/obese participants were less active than their normal weight counterparts. Physical activity varied between samples from different countries, with a 15-20% difference between the highest and lowest countries at age 9-10 and a 26-28% difference at age 12-13. CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity differed between samples from different countries, but the associations between demographic characteristics and physical activity were consistently observed. Further research is needed to explore environmental and sociocultural explanations for these differences.
Overview
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This pooled analysis of ActiGraph accelerometer data from 20 studies in ten countries described physical activity and sedentary time in 27,637 youth aged 2.8–18.4 years. It found consistent sex, age, and weight-status differences, plus substantial between-country variation, despite use of common data-reduction procedures.
Key findings
- Boys were less sedentary and more active than girls at all ages. After age 5, total physical activity decreased cross-sectionally by an average of 4.2% per additional year (3.7% in boys, 4.6% in girls), mainly through lower light-intensity activity and greater sedentary time.
- Physical activity did not differ by weight status in the youngest children, but from age seven onwards overweight/obese participants were less active than normal-weight peers; this showed a dose–response relationship in both sexes and was particularly large in boys.
- Between-country differences were substantial: at age 9–10 the difference between the least active population (Madeira) and most active (Oslo, Norway) was 15–20% (156 cpm in boys, 613 vs. 769; 99 cpm in girls, 561 vs. 660), and at age 12–13 it was 26–28%.
- Among 5–17 year olds in ICAD, only 9.0% of boys and 1.9% of girls achieved ≥60 min MVPA every valid day; ≥60 min MVPA was accumulated on 46% of valid days for boys and 22% for girls, with Norwegian boys aged 9–10 recording the highest values (60.5% of measured days).
Methods
- ICAD pooled ActiGraph accelerometer data from 20 studies in ten countries using a standard data-reduction procedure. Analyses included 27,637 participants (92% of 29,967 potential participants) aged 2.8–18.4 years with at least 3 valid days (mean 5.3, range 3–7), providing 188,416 valid days across 35,360 time points.
- Linear regression examined cross-sectional associations between age, sex, weight status, and physical activity outcomes, adjusted for study and season; robust standard errors accounted for repeated measures within participants. Country comparisons were restricted to ages 9–15 and ten studies from eight countries, using standardized within-country outcomes and random-effects meta-analysis.
- Physical activity outcomes included average accelerometer counts per minute (cpm) and percentage time sedentary (≤100 cpm), light (101–2295 cpm), and moderate-to-vigorous (≥2296 cpm). Guideline achievement was presented as ≥60 min MVPA on every valid day and as the percentage of valid days with ≥60 min MVPA.
Limitations
- The paper states that the sample was skewed toward ages 9–15 (82% of measurement time points) and the UK and USA (73% of measurement time points); some countries had too few participants for country-level analysis, countries were not globally representative, and low- and middle-income countries were underrepresented. Most samples were not nationally representative, though generally at least regionally representative.
- The paper states accelerometer limitations: waist-worn accelerometers poorly record upper-body activity and cycling, potentially underestimating activity in high-cycling countries such as Denmark; they misclassify motionless-standing as sedentary, potentially overestimating sedentary time; and the MVPA thresholds perform poorly for ages 4–6 and are not validated under age 4.
- The paper notes that direction of causation between weight status and physical activity was not investigated and may be bidirectional, and that individual, social, and environmental explanations for between-country differences were not explored. Evident from the text: girls were over-represented (59%, falling to 52% after excluding one large study of adolescent girls), which may affect descriptive proportions.
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Claims the paper makes
19 Own result · 12 Own method · 5 Not checked yet · 4 Own interpretation
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At age 9–10, the difference between the least active population (Madeira) and the most active (Oslo, Norway) was 15–20 % (156 cpm in boys (613 vs. 769) and 99 cpm in girls (561 vs. 660)).”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Results > Cross-country comparisons of physical activity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At age 12–13, even larger differences were seen (26–28 % between the highest and lowest countries).”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Results > Cross-country comparisons of physical activity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“due mainly to lower levels of light-intensity physical activity and greater time spent sedentary”
- Also stated in: § Physical activity by sex, age and weight status · plain
“Simultaneous with the reduction in total physical activity and percentage time in MVPA between increasing age groups, light physical activity (Fig. 1c) declined and sedentary time increased (Fig. 1d).”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“the lower levels of overall physical activity with increasing age were reflected by a progressive increase in the volume of sedentary time and an almost equivalent ‘displacement’ of light-intensity physical activity.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Abstract > Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Physical activity by sex, age and weight status · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overweight/obesity was not associated with total physical activity in the youngest age groups (age 2–6)”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“Physical activity did not differ by weight status in the youngest children”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Results > Physical activity by sex, age and weight status
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“but from age seven onwards, overweight/obese participants were less active than their normal weight counterparts.”
- Also stated in: § Physical activity by sex, age and weight status · plain
“but was consistently associated with lower total physical activity in older age groups (Fig. 2a).”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Abstract > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Physical activity by sex, age and weight status · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When calculated relative to the average activity level at age 12, the annual difference was 5.8 % (4.7 % in boys, 6.8 % in girls; data not shown).”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After 5 years of age there was an average cross-sectional decrease of 4.2 % in total physical activity with each additional year of age”
- Also stated in: § Physical activity by sex, age and weight status · plain
“Overall, this is equivalent to an average annual reduction in total physical activity of 4.2 % relative to age five (3.7 % decrease in boys, 4.6 % decrease in girls).”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“The present study found a difference of 4.2 % per annum in overall physical activity when calculated with reference to the activity level at age five.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Abstract > Results
plaincorrelationaln = 27,637- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Physical activity by sex, age and weight status · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“comparison of data from Norway and the US shows that Norwegian 9–10 year old girls were, on average, as active as American boys (658 vs. 655 cpm).”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Among 5–17 year olds in the ICAD database as a whole only, 9.0 % of boys and 1.9 % of girls achieved this”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Results > Cross-country comparisons of physical activity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“≥60 min of MVPA were accumulated on a substantially higher percentage of days (46 % of valid days for boys and 22 % for girls)”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Results > Cross-country comparisons of physical activity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 21
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This association showed a dose–response relationship in both sexes, and was particularly large in boys (Fig. 2b).”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Results > Physical activity by sex, age and weight status
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“there was no country in which this difference was not significant or where the point estimate for the difference was less than 0.2 standard deviations.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Results > Cross-country comparisons of physical activity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Higher BMI was associated with lower physical activity in most countries, but this difference was not significant in all samples, including the two most active samples at age 9–10 (Fig 5c).”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Results > Cross-country comparisons of physical activity
plaincorrelationaln = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The three countries that were represented twice were ranked in the same order, with the USA least active, England intermediate and Australia most active.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Results > Cross-country comparisons of physical activity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Boys were less sedentary and more active than girls at all ages.”
- Also stated in: § Physical activity by sex, age and weight status · plain
“Boys were more active and less sedentary than girls at all ages.”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“Physical activity was consistently lower in girls than boys”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Abstract > Results
plaincorrelationaln = 27,637- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Physical activity by sex, age and weight status · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In all countries, boys were more active than girls. On average, activity levels among boys were 0.45 standard deviations higher than in girls at age 9–10 and 0.66 standard deviations higher at age 12–13 (Fig. 5a).”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Results > Cross-country comparisons of physical activity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Physical activity varied between samples from different countries, with a 15–20 % difference between the highest and lowest countries at age 9–10 and a 26–28 % difference at age 12–13.”
- Also stated in: § Cross-country comparisons of physical activity · plain
“Average accelerometer counts per minute varied substantially between countries, both at age 9–10 (Fig. 3a) and age 12–13 (Fig. 3b).”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Abstract > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“There are many possible individual, social and environmental explanations for these differences that were not explored in this study.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The ICAD provides a large volume of accelerometer data reduced using a common protocol, which allows comparison of study samples from a number of countries.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Conclusions
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“the countries included are not globally representative, with the US, UK and Northern Europe over-represented, few data from other geographical regions, and a dearth of data from low and middle-income countries.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In addition, waist-worn accelerometers mis-classify time spent in motionless-standing as sedentary, which is not considered to be a sedentary behaviour (defined as “any waking behaviour characterised by an energy expenditure ≤1.5 metabolic equivalents (METs) while in a sitting or reclining posture” [35]), potentially leading to over estimates of the true volume of sedentary time.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [35] Network SBR. Letter to the Editor: Standardized use of the terms “sedentary” and “sedentary behaviours”. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2012;37:540–2. source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“the number of participants in some countries did not allow analysis by country, and overall the sample is skewed towards two main age groups.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“most samples are not nationally representative, although studies have generally sampled to be at least regionally representative.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The direction of causation in the association between weight status and physical activity was not investigated in this analysis”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“a review of European studies using Actigraph accelerometers reported that 3–5 % of children met guidelines using an accelerometer threshold of >3000 cpm increasing to up to 87 % meeting guidelines using a threshold of >2000 cpm [20].”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [20] Guinhouya BC, Samouda H, de Beaufort C. Level of physical activity among children and adolescents in Europe: a review of physical activity assessed objectively by accelerometry. Public Health. 2013;127(4):301–11. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In analyses comparing activity levels between countries, we restricted our analyses to children 9–10 or 12–13, resulting in a sample of 10,741 participants from ten studies in eight countries.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Methods > Participants
plainn = 10,741- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“A systematic review and pooled analysis [10] concluded that physical activity declined by approximately 7 % per year after the age of ten.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [10] Dumith SC, Gigante DP, Domingues MR, HW K l. Physical activity change during adolescence: a systematic review and pooled analysis. Int J Epidemiol. 2011;40:685–98. source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“All analyses were adjusted for the ICAD study from which the data was drawn and also for time of year (May-October vs. November-April, with the months inverted for the three studies from the Southern hemisphere).”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Methods > Measurements
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Strengths of this study include a substantial sample of young people across a wide age range, a consistent measurement instrument and data reduction procedures, and physical activity data from a wide variety of countries.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The consistent differences by age and sex persist even though the countries differ in total physical activity levels, suggesting that these differences may to an extent be biological.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The ICAD begins to address this issue by providing accelerometer data from a substantial sample of youth reduced using a standard methodology.”
- Also stated in: § Conclusions · plain
“The ICAD provides a large volume of accelerometer data reduced using a common protocol, which allows comparison of study samples from a number of countries.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Conclusions · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nevertheless, all countries were alike in showing the same differences in physical activity by sex, by age and (almost always) by weight status.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
plaincorrelationaln = 27,637- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“When performing cross-sectional analyses, robust standard errors were used to adjust for the clustering of measurement waves within participants.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Methods > Measurements
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“When worn on the waist, as in the studies comprising the ICAD, they poorly record upper body physical activity and physical activity when cycling [34]. Thus, in countries with a high prevalence of cycling for transportation (e.g. Denmark), physical activity may be under-estimated.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [34] Corder K, Brage S, Ekelund U. Accelerometers and pedometers: methodology and clinical application. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2007;10:597–603. source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Whilst the thresholds used have been shown to provide valid estimates of physical activity intensity for youth aged 5 years and above [36], more recently they have been shown to perform poorly for MVPA in children aged 4–6 years [37] and have not been validated in children under 4 years.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [36] Trost SG, Loprinzi PD, Moore R, Pfeiffer KA. Comparison of accelerometer cut points for predicting activity intensity in youth. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(7):1360–8. source
- Not checked yetcites [37] Janssen X, Cliff DP, Reilly JJ, Hinkley T, Jones RA, Batterham M, et al. Predictive validity and classification accuracy of Actigraph energy expenditure equations and cut-points in young children. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(11):e79124. 10.1371/journal.pone.0079124. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
No prior child and adolescent physical activity data pooling study had incorporated samples from such a diverse range of countries using consistent measures and methodology.
“No child and adolescent physical activity data pooling studies have incorporated samples from such a diverse range of countries using consistent measures and methodology.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Males are reportedly more active than females at all ages from youth to adolescence [18, 20, 58].”
From Barriers to voluntary participation in sport for children: a systematic review (2018) · cites this paper as [58]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Evidence shows that girls are less physically active than boys regardless of age [18, 19, 58].”
From Barriers to voluntary participation in sport for children: a systematic review (2018) · cites this paper as [58]
In the citing paper
“evidence suggests a decline in MVPA after early childhood,8, 9, 10”
From A mixed-studies systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to promote physical activity and/or reduce sedentary time in children (2020) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“a recent review finding that 10 countries had an annual decrease of 4.2% in PA and an increase in ST after the age of 5 years.11”
From A mixed-studies systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to promote physical activity and/or reduce sedentary time in children (2020) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“The International Children’s Accelerometry Database, though cross-sectional, suggests that objectively measured physical activity may be in decline in both sexes from around the age of school entry.13”
From Timing of the decline in physical activity in childhood and adolescence: gateshead millennium cohort study (2018) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“A low proportion of children from China, India and the USA met the recommendation of being physically active at least 60 min per day, data in line with the 15 to 28% prevalence coming from the International Children’s Accelerometry database [36].”
From Proportion of children meeting recommendations for 24-hour movement guidelines and associations with adiposity in a 12-country study (2016) · cites this paper as [36]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Results > Physical activity by sex, age and weight status
“Overweight/obesity was not associated with total physical activity in the youngest age groups (age 2–6) but was consistently associated with lower total physical activity in older age groups (Fig. 2a).”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
“differences in physical activity by weight status are seen from 6 years of age.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Results
“The prevalence of overweight/obesity (defined as an age and sex adjusted BMI equivalent to >30 kg/m2) was 26 % in the sample as a whole”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Results
“| Weightstatus† ‡ | Overweight | 4939 (18 %) | 6238 (18 %) | | Weightstatus† ‡ | Obese | 2048 (7 %) | 2450 (7 %) |”
Citations
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“Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg)/height (m)(2) and participants were categorised into normal weight, overweight and obese groups according to age and sex-specific cut points [23].”
Method‘Small Changes' to Diet and Physical Activity Behaviors for Weight Management
Hills, A. P., Byrne, N. M., Lindstrom, R. C., & Hill, J. O. (2013) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000345030 · Cited by 9,526
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“Nonwear time was defined as 60 min of consecutive zeros allowing for 2 min of non-zero interruptions [7].”
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Hallal, P. C., Andersen, L. B., Bull, F. C., Guthold, R., Haskell, W., & Ekelund, U. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60646-1 · Cited by 5,711 · cited 1×
“Widely accepted public health recommendations are that young people should accumulate at least 60 min of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) daily [4]; however, data suggest that the majority of youth do not meet these guidelines, with approximately 80 % of 13–15 year olds worldwide insufficiently…”
BackgroundSelf-citationJanssen, I., & LeBlanc, A. G. (2010) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-7-40 · Cited by 4,829 · cited 1×
“Background Physical activity in youth is associated with many health benefits [1, 2] and physical activity behaviours established in youth are likely to be carried through into adulthood [3].”
BackgroundEvidence Based Physical Activity for School-age Youth
Strong, W. B., Malina, R. M., Blimkie, C. J. R., Daniels, S. R., Dishman, R. K., Gutin, B., Hergenroeder, A. C., Must, A., Nixon, P. A., Pivarnik, J. M., et al. (2005) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.01.055 · Cited by 4,222 · cited 1×
“Background Physical activity in youth is associated with many health benefits [1, 2] and physical activity behaviours established in youth are likely to be carried through into adulthood [3].”
BackgroundCalibration of two objective measures of physical activity for children
Evenson, K. R., Catellier, D. J., Gill, K., Ondrak, K. S., & McMurray, R. G. (2008) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410802334196 · Cited by 2,677 · cited 1×
“Standard cut-points were used to define the mean daily percentage of time spent at various intensities: sedentary (≤100 cpm), light (101–2295 cpm), and moderate to vigorous (≥2296 cpm) [22].”
MethodLetter to the Editor: Standardized use of the terms “sedentary” and “sedentary behaviours”
Networ, S. B. R. (2012) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h2012-024 · Cited by 1,873
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Physical activity from childhood to adulthood
Telama, R., Yang, X., Viikari, J., Välimäki, I., Wanne, O., & Raitakari, O. (2005) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.12.003 · Cited by 1,585 · cited 1×
“Background Physical activity in youth is associated with many health benefits [1, 2] and physical activity behaviours established in youth are likely to be carried through into adulthood [3].”
Background
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- WHO. Global recommendations on physical activity for health. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 2010.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 785
Jussila, A.-M., Husu, P., Vähä‐Ypyä, H., Tokola, K., Kokko, S. P., Sievänen, H. T., & Vasankari, T. J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19116950 · Cited by 37
“In general, boys seem to be more active than girls, and weekdays include more PA than weekends in both sexes [4,5,7,8,13].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialParental perceived built environment measures and active play in Washington DC metropolitan children
Roberts, J. D., Knight, B. E., Ray, R., et al. (2016) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.04.001 · Cited by 27
Tang, Y., Algurén, B., Pelletier, C., Naylor, P., & Faulkner, G. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-16050-7 · Cited by 33
“2% per year after the age of 5 [77], and 7.”
BackgroundJago, R., Salway, R., Ness, A., Hamilton-Shield, J. P., Ridd, M. J., & Henderson, A. J. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024858 · Cited by 26
Lisowski, P., Kantanista, A., & Bronikowski, M. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17031109 · Cited by 30
“The International Children’s Accelerometry Database (ICAD) has demonstrated that mean values for total volume of PA and moderate-to-vigorous PA both appear to decline steadily after the age of five years [23].”
BackgroundLiao, J., Cao, C., Hur, J., Cohen, J., Chen, W., Zong, X., Colditz, G. A., Yang, L., Stamatakis, E. A., & Cao, Y. (2021) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-021-00874-7 · Cited by 26
A systematic review of methods to measure family co‐participation in physical activity
Uijtdewilligen, L., Brown, H. E., Müller‐Riemenschneider, F., Lim, Y. W., Brage, S., & van Sluijs, E. M. F. (2017) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12589 · Cited by 26
“Despite the established health benefits of physical activity for children (1–6), data from several countries suggest that the majority of children are insufficiently active to enjoy these benefits (7,8).”
BackgroundSelf-citationEvaluation of Youth Enjoyment Toward Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior
Bai, Y., Allums‐Featherston, K., Saint‐Maurice, P. F., Welk, G. J., & Candelaria, N. G. (2017) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.2017-0101 · Cited by 26
Lagestad, P., Mikalsen, H. K., Ingulfsvann, L. S., Lyngstad, I. K., & Sandvik, C. (2019) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2019.00129 · Cited by 23
“(44) included only participants who provided at least 3 d of valid accelerometer data in their study of adolescents.”
BackgroundMenescardi, C., & Estevan, I. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18126646 · Cited by 25
“In fact, when children become adolescents, they take part in less PA [5,6].”
BackgroundNyberg, G., Ekblom, Ö. B., Kjellenberg, K., Wang, R., Larsson, H., Jakobsson, B. T., & Helgadóttir, B. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph181910239 · Cited by 31
“In addition, physical activity levels decrease with increasing age [7,8].”
BackgroundAdolescents’ healthy lifestyle
Marques, A., Loureiro, N., Avelar‐Rosa, B., Naia, A., & de Matos, M. G. (2020) · Jornal de Pediatria (Versão em Português) · doi:10.1016/j.jpedp.2018.09.001 · Cited by 25
Data Analytics in Physical Activity Studies With Accelerometers: Scoping Review
Liang, Y., Wang, C. I., & Hsiao, C. K. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/59497 · Cited by 29
Exploring Energy Expenditure and Body Movement of Exergaming in Children of Different Weight Status
Hwang, J., Lee, I.-M. M., Fernandez, A. M., Hillman, C. H., & Lu, A. S. (2019) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.2019-0006 · Cited by 29
“Furthermore, physical activity levels begin to decline (17) and differ by weight status (11) at age 7; thus, physical activity behavior should be enhanced, especially for preadolescent children around the ages of 8–12 years.”
BackgroundPhysical activity and sedentary behaviour in Bangladesh: a systematic scoping review
Uddin, R., Hasan, M. T., Saif‐Ur‐Rahman, K., Mandic, S., & Khan, A. (2019) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2019.10.006 · Cited by 25
O’Kane, S. M., Carlin, A., Gallagher, A. M., Lahart, I. M., Jago, R., Faulkner, M., & MURPHY, M. H. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08600-0 · Cited by 21
Laverty, A. A., Hone, T., Goodman, A., Kelly, Y. J., & Millett, C. J. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036041 · Cited by 24
Self-citationSkogen, I. B., Båtevik, F. O., Krumsvik, R. J., & Høydal, K. L. (2022) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2022.732737 · Cited by 29
Araújo, R. H. D. O., Werneck, A. O., Barboza, L. L. S., Ramírez‐Vélez, R., Martins, C., Tassitano, R. M., Silva, E. C. M., de Jesus, G. M., Matias, T. S., de Lima, L. R. A., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-022-01291-3 · Cited by 23
“However, the directions of our findings are in line with studies carried out with objective measures [41], reinforcing that the inequalities that we found in PA and sitting time are not overridden by bias in the self-report.”
ResultRouten, A. C., Biddle, S., Bodicoat, D. H., Cale, L., Clemes, S. A., Edwardson, C. L., Glazebrook, C., Harrington, D. M., Khunti, K. K., Pearson, N., et al. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019428 · Cited by 23
“Year 5 students were selected because when consulted in the preparatory phase of the intervention, teachers felt that children spent more time sitting as they progressed through primary school, which has also been supported in the literature.(32) Year 6 students were not considered as the pressures from standarised te…”
Self-citationSolomon-Moore, E., Emm-Collison, L., Sebire, S. J., Toumpakari, Z., Thompson, J. L., Lawlor, D. A., & Jago, R. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15112547 · Cited by 26
Estimated Physical Activity in Adolescents by Wrist-worn GENEActiv Accelerometers
Sanders, S., Jimenez, E. Y., Cole, N., Kuhlemeier, A., McCauley, G., Horn, M. L. V., & Kong, A. (2019) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2018-0344 · Cited by 19
No changes in adolescent’s sedentary behaviour across Europe between 2002 and 2017
Fernández, J. L., López‐Valenciano, A., Mayo, X., Liguori, G. A., Lamb, M. A., Copeland, R. J., & Jiménez, A. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10860-3 · Cited by 20
“) [17, 18], and by sex, girls usually report a slightly higher prevalence of SB than boys [3].”
BackgroundSheldrick, M. P. R., Swindell, N. J., Richards, A. B., Fairclough, S. J., & Stratton, G. (2022) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-022-01346-5 · Cited by 24
“Children become more sedentary [84, 85] and less active as they get older [86, 87], therefore the changes observed in this study may, in part, be a result of age-related changes in behavioural habits rather than the restrictions in isolation.”
BackgroundActive Schools in Europe—A Review of Empirical Findings
Bailey, R. P., Ríes, F., & Scheuer, C. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15043806 · Cited by 31
“Data from longitudinal studies with objective measures of PA suggest that the standard model of a school is poorly suited for the promotion of PA as MVPA begins to decline and sedentary behavior begins to increase from around the time young children first enter schools [127].”
BackgroundHelgadóttir, B., Fröberg, A., Kjellenberg, K., Ekblom, Ö. B., & Nyberg, G. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-15282-x · Cited by 22
“2% per year in children and adolescents older than 5 years [24].”
BackgroundSevil‐Serrano, J., García‐González, L., Abós, Á., Lanaspa, E. G., & Solana, A. A. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15091875 · Cited by 23
“Despite the well-known health benefits of regular physical activity (PA) [1], a significant proportion of adolescents do not meet PA recommendations [2].”
BackgroundActive Children Through Individual Vouchers Evaluation: A Mixed-Method RCT
James, M., Christian, D. L., Scott, S. N., Todd, C., Stratton, G., Demmler, J. C., McCoubrey, S., Halcox, J., Audrey, S., Ellins, E. A., et al. (2019) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2019.10.005 · Cited by 24
Gc, V. S., Suhrcke, M., Atkin, A. J., van Sluijs, E. M. F., & Turner, D. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027566 · Cited by 20
“12 When measured objectively using accelerometers, the prevalence of inactivity is higher still (91% boys and 98% girls).(13) The high prevalence of physical inactivity in young people places a significant burden on healthcare services and the wider economy.”
MethodSelf-citationDamjanović, V. M., Salcin, L. O., Zenić, N., Foretić, N., & Lipošek, S. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16142573 · Cited by 22
McCarthy, N., Hall, A. E., Shoesmith, A., Sutherland, R., Hodder, R. K., Campbell, E. M., & Nathan, N. (2021) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101418 · Cited by 22
Urinary neonicotinoids and metabolites are associated with obesity risk in Chinese school children
Yang, Z., Wang, Y., Tang, C., et al. (2023) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2023.108366 · Cited by 22
Sera, F., Griffiths, L. J., Dezateux, C. A., Geraci, M., & Cortina‐Borja, M. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187677 · Cited by 21
“[2, 11, 12] They provide objective estimates of the intensity of movement by measuring accelerations, in one or more directions, of the body segment to which they are attached.”
BackgroundKippe, K. O., & Lagestad, P. (2018) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2018.00361 · Cited by 21
Viegas, Â. A., Mendonça, V. A., Nobre, J. N. P., Morais, R. L. D. S., Fernandes, A. C., Ferreira, F. D. O., Figueiredo, P. H. S., Leite, H. R., Camargos, A. C. R., & Lacerda, A. C. R. (2021) · Journal of Motor Behavior · doi:10.1080/00222895.2021.1897508 · Cited by 23
“…awareness of the benefits of regular PA, it appears that children are not active enough and do not meet the minimum recommended PA levels, due to longer periods watching television and less time playing outdoors (Cooper et al., 2015; Bardid et al., 2016; Lin et al., 2017; Wiseman et al., 2019).”
BackgroundMilther, C., Winther, L., Stahlhut, M., Curtis, D. J., Aadahl, M., Kristensen, M. T., Sørensen, J. L., & Dall, C. H. (2023) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-023-05014-z · Cited by 22
“Furthermore, it appears that physical activity level decreases with age, and a simultaneous increase is observed in sedentary time among children and adolescents with age [4].”
BackgroundChildren’s Weight Gain and Cardiovascular Fitness Loss over the Summer
Brusseau, T. A., & Burns, R. D. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15122770 · Cited by 23
“Unfortunately, children are falling short of the recommended levels of physical activity both habitually [2] and at school [3], and are often not meeting age and sex-specific criterion-referenced standards for health-related fitness [4].”
BackgroundSalway, R., Emm-Collison, L., Sebire, S. J., Thompson, J. L., Lawlor, D. A., & Jago, R. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16244889 · Cited by 25
“A valid day was defined as at least 500 min of data, after excluding intervals of ≥60 min of zero counts, allowing up to two minutes of interruptions [6].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialChristian, D. L., Todd, C., Rance, J. Y., Stratton, G., Mackintosh, K. A., Rapport, F., & Brophy, S. T. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0230745 · Cited by 19
Harvey, J., Emm-Collison, L., & Sebire, S. J. (2020) · Wellcome Open Research · doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16391.1 · Cited by 22
Daly-Smith, A., Hobbs, M., Morris, J. L., Defeyter, M. A., Resaland, G. K., & McKenna, J. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18030990 · Cited by 26
“Non-wear time was identified by a period of ≥60 min of zeros allowing for a period of 2 min non-wear time [5], with the total duration of these blocks representing non-wear time.”
BackgroundSomatic, psychological and economic benefits of regular physical activity beginning in childhood
Fitzgerald, S. A., Fitzgerald, H. T., Fitzgerald, N. M., Fitzgerald, T. R., & Fitzgerald, D. A. (2022) · Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.1111/jpc.15879 · Cited by 27
Dowda, M. C., Saunders, R. P., Dishman, R. K., & Pate, R. R. (2023) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-023-01405-2 · Cited by 21
Self-citationSalway, R., de Vocht, F., Emm-Collison, L., Sansum, K. M., House, D., Walker, R. A. J., Breheny, K., Williams, J. G., Hollingworth, W., & Jago, R. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0289344 · Cited by 24
Huang, T., Gejl, A. K., Tarp, J., Andersen, L. B., Peijs, L., & Bugge, A. (2016) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.12.026 · Cited by 21
Self-citationKharlova, I., Deng, W. H., Mamen, J., Mamen, A., Fredriksen, M. V., & Fredriksen, P. M. (2020) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports8010009 · Cited by 19
Fröberg, A., Lindroos, A., Ekblom, Ö. B., & Nyberg, G. (2020) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.15187 · Cited by 29
“5 In addition, PA decreases and sedentary time increases throughout childhood and adolescence 3 and the decrease in PA might be more profound during adolescent years.”
BackgroundCompensation of overall physical activity in (pre)adolescent girls – the CReActivity project
Beck, F., Dettweiler, U., Sturm, D. J., Demetriou, Y., & Reimers, A. K. (2022) · Archives of Public Health · doi:10.1186/s13690-022-01002-1 · Cited by 14
“Specifically, with increasing age, the prevalence of guideline compliance seems to decrease [11–13], and the difference between boys and girls consistently widens from childhood to adolescence [14].”
BackgroundOpdal, I. M., Morseth, B., Handegård, B.-H., Lillevoll, K. R., Nilsen, W., Nielsen, C., Furberg, A.-S., Rosenbaum, S., & Rognmo, K. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035549 · Cited by 20
Physical activity in early childhood: a five-year longitudinal analysis of patterns and correlates
Bergqvist‐Norén, L., Hagman, E., Xiu, L., Marcus, C., & Hagströmer, M. (2022) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-022-01289-x · Cited by 22
Physical Activity Levels and Sleep in Schoolchildren (6–17) with and without School Sport
Larrínaga-Undabarrena, A., Río, X., Sáez, I., Angulo-Garay, G., Aguirre-Betolaza, A. M., Albisua, N., Aguirre, G. M. D. L., Isla, J. R. S., García, N., Urbano, M., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20021263 · Cited by 25
van de Kolk, I., Gerards, S. M. P. L., Harms, L. S. E., Kremers, S., & Gubbels, J. S. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16245016 · Cited by 20
“Hip-worn accelerometers may overestimate sedentary behavior, as they do not measure posture and, for example, classify standing as sedentary [59,76].”
BackgroundJohnstone, A., McCrorie, P., Cordovil, R., Fjørtoft, I., Iivonen, S., Jidovtseff, B., Lopes, F., Reilly, J. J., Thomson, H., Wells, V., et al. (2020) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-020-01489-1 · Cited by 22
Self-citationCorder, K. L., Brown, H. E., Croxson, C. H. D., Jong, S. T., Sharp, S. J., Vignoles, A. F., Wilkinson, P. O., Wilson, E., & van Sluijs, E. M. F. (2021) · Public Health Research · doi:10.3310/phr09060 · Cited by 20
Self-citationWachira, L.-J. M., Hayker, S., Larouche, R., Oyeyemi, A. L., Prista, A., Owino, G., Tremblay, M. S., & Onywera, V. O. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0262768 · Cited by 17
Caldwell, H. A. T., Proudfoot, N. A., Cristofaro, N. A. D., Cairney, J., Bray, S. R., & Timmons, B. W. (2022) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2021-0635 · Cited by 16
Caillaud, C., Ledger, S., Díaz, C., CLERC, G., Galy, O., & Yacef, K. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0274644 · Cited by 17
“Pooled accelerometry data from several countries including Australia showed that adolescents accumulated on average 30–35 min of MVPA daily with only ~ 7% of 9–13 years meeting the WHO recommendations for PA [4].”
MethodChen, H., Liu, J., & Bai, Y. (2020) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaac030 · Cited by 19
Telford, D. M., Meiring, R. M., & Gusso, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2023.1282482 · Cited by 24
Sun, S., & Chen, C. (2024) · Children · doi:10.3390/children11020254 · Cited by 19
“…gender differences in the effects of the intervention on fundamental motor skills [20–22], which may be related to the differences in physical activities between boys and girls and daily life behaviors and habits [23], it is generally beneficial and enhances the motor skills of both genders.”
BackgroundVideira‐Silva, A., & Fonseca, H. (2017) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-017-2892-1 · Cited by 19
Noonan, R. J., Fairclough, S. J., Knowles, Z. R., & Boddy, L. M. (2017) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4232-9 · Cited by 18
“This finding supports an age related decline in PA as all the siblings in this study were younger than the target children [67].”
Visser, E. L., Mazzoli, E., Hinkley, T., Lander, N., Utesch, T., & Barnett, L. M. (2019) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2019.09.005 · Cited by 19
Schroeder, K., Kubik, M., Lee, J., Sirard, J. R., & Fulkerson, J. A. (2019) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2019-0108 · Cited by 20
Adolescents’ Experiences and Perspectives on Physical Activity and Friend Influences Over Time
Martins, J., RODRIGUES, A. M., Marques, A., Cale, L., & da Costa, F. C. (2020) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2020.1739607 · Cited by 21
“Since PA reportedly declines throughout adolescence (Cooper et al., 2015), important implications for promoting active lifestyles can be derived from an increased understanding of the distinct trajectories in friend influence on PA at different childhood/adolescent life stages (Ginis et al., 2013;…”
BackgroundInfluentialSchooltime's contribution to pupils' physical activity levels: A longitudinal study
Johansen, M. A., Mikalsen, H. K., & Lagestad, P. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1100984 · Cited by 12
Kracht, C. L., Beyl, R. A., Maher, J. P., Katzmarzyk, P. T., & Staiano, A. E. (2021) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-021-01121-y · Cited by 20
“crease continued into adolescence [4].”
BackgroundAl-Hazzaa, H. M., Alothman, S., Alghannam, A. F., & Al-Masud, A. A. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14010110 · Cited by 21
“The International Children’s Accelerometry Database showed that boys were less sedentary and more active than girls at all ages from 3 to 18 years [38].”
Carriedo, A., & Estrada, J. A. C. (2022) · Early Childhood Education Journal · doi:10.1007/s10643-022-01325-2 · Cited by 20
“However, some studies have shown that the majority of schoolage children fail to meet these recommendations (Cooper et al., 2015; Zimmo et al., 2017), which represents a serious concern in public health.”
BackgroundMuntaner‐Mas, A., Conti, J. V., Cantallops, J., Borràs, P. A., & Palou, P. (2017) · Journal of Human Sport and Exercise · doi:10.14198/jhse.2017.122.10 · Cited by 18
“There are many possible individual, social and environmental explanations for this difference that are not explored in this study; for example active travel to school or difference in built environment that may be influential on physical activity (Cooper et al., 2015).”
BackgroundHashem, R., Rey-López, J. P., Hamer, M., McMunn, A., Whincup, P. H., Owen, C. G., Rowlands, A. V., & Stamatakis, E. A. (2017) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2017-0013 · Cited by 18
Fröberg, A., Jönsson, L., Berg, C., Lindgren, E., Korp, P., Lindwall, M., Raustorp, A., & Larsson, C. L. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15112542 · Cited by 23
da Silva, K. S., Bandeira, A. D. S., dos Santos, P. C., Malheiros, L. E. A., de Sousa, A. C. F. C., & Filho, V. C. B. (2018) · Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance · doi:10.5007/1980-0037.2018v20n4p415 · Cited by 16
Martins, J., Marques, A., Loureiro, N., da Costa, F. C., Diniz, J. A., & de Matos, M. G. (2019) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2018-0092 · Cited by 18
Gao, Y., Haapala, E. A., Vanhala, A., Sääkslahti, A., Rantakokko, M., Laukkanen, A., Pesola, A. J., Rantalainen, T., & Finni, T. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00997 · Cited by 18
Bergström, H., Sundblom, E., Elinder, L. S., Norman, Å., & Nyberg, G. (2020) · The Journal of Primary Prevention · doi:10.1007/s10935-020-00584-2 · Cited by 18
Riiser, K., Richardsen, K. R., Haugen, A. L. H., Lund, S., & Løndal, K. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08645-1 · Cited by 18
Jindal, I., Puyau, M. R., Adolph, A. L., Butte, N. F., Musaad, S. M. A., & Bacha, F. F. (2020) · Pediatric Obesity · doi:10.1111/ijpo.12751 · Cited by 19
“Objectively measured PA in children and adolescents from 10 countries showed that total PA was lower in children with OW/OB compared to NW peers older than 6 years of age.(38) Interestingly, we found that in the younger agegroup, children who had adequate sleep ≥50% of the 7 days of evaluation, had less sedentary time…”
BackgroundSkogen, I. B., & Høydal, K. L. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10727-7 · Cited by 25
“Research has found that young people who are overweight or obese tend to participate in less physical activity than youths of healthier weight [9, 10].”
BackgroundVedøy, I. B., Skulberg, K. R., Anderssen, S. A., Fagerland, M. W., Tjomsland, H. E., & Thurston, M. N. (2021) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-021-01211-x · Cited by 19
“8% in girls) annually relative to the average PA level at 12 years [11].”
BackgroundSelf-citationFrate, N., Jenull, B. B., & Birnbacher, R. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16030306 · Cited by 18
“[14] showed that after the age of six, physical activity reduces by 4.”
BackgroundExploring Children’s Self-Reported Activity Compensation: The REACT Study
Swelam, B. A., Arundell, L., Salmon, J., Abbott, G., Timperio, A. F., CHASTIN, S. F. M., & Ridgers, N. D. (2023) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003164 · Cited by 9
Self-citationWalters, K., Chard, C. A., Castro, E., & Nelson, D. (2023) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs13090783 · Cited by 26
“Cooper et al. [4] found that physical activity rates declined 4.6% each year among adolescent girls, while Farooq et al. [5] reported physical activity levels declined 5.3% a year among girls aged three through 18.”
InfluentialVoskuil, V. R., Stroup, S., & Leyden, M. (2020) · Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.5334/paah.51 · Cited by 13
Carayanni, V., Vlachopapadopoulou, E. A., Koutsouki, D., Bogdanis, G. C., Ψαλτοπούλου, Θ., YannisManios, Karachaliou, F., Hatzakis, A. E., & Michalacos, S. (2020) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-020-02276-6 · Cited by 18
“Additionally, socio-demographic factors such as age and geographic area (rural area),seem to constitute risk factors for non participation in OPA [14, 15].”
BackgroundPindus, D. M., Edwards, C., Walk, A. M., Reeser, G. E., Burd, N. A., Holscher, H. D., & Khan, N. A. (2021) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-020-00734-w · Cited by 19
“However, preadolescents are on average more physically active [14, 15] and less sedentary compared to working-age adults [5], and have lower cardio-metabolic risk profile [16, 17].”
BackgroundArlinghaus, K. R., Ledoux, T. A., & Johnston, C. A. (2021) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.13004 · Cited by 22
Lu, Y., Yu, K., & Gan, X. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19137715 · Cited by 17
“Studies have shown that no more than 45% of students meet the recommended level of 60 min of moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) [1,2], with only 8% of the adolescent population meeting the standard [3].”
BackgroundLane, C., Nathan, N., Reeves, P., Sutherland, R., Wolfenden, L., Shoesmith, A., & Hall, A. E. (2022) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-022-01215-6 · Cited by 14
Kracht, C. L., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Champagne, C. M., Broyles, S. T., Hsia, D. S., Newton, R. L., & Staiano, A. E. (2022) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003018 · Cited by 19
“This pattern continues into later adolescence (3).”
BackgroundInfluentialGermany’s 2022 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Adolescents
Demetriou, Y., Beck, F., Sturm, D. J., Abu‐Omar, K., Forberger, S., Hebestreit, A., Hohmann, A., Hülse, H., Kläber, M., Kobel, S., et al. (2024) · German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research · doi:10.1007/s12662-024-00946-6 · Cited by 19
“The low global levels of PA are worrying and urge action to promote this health behavior (Cooper et al., 2015).”
Profiles of sedentary and non-sedentary young men – a population-based MOPO study
Pyky, R., Leinonen, A., Ahola, R., Ikäheimo, T. M., Koivumaa-Honkanen, H. T., Mäntysaari, M., Jämsä, T. J., & Korpelainen, R. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2495-6 · Cited by 17
“girls [8, 9] but in turn, sedentary time due to television, computer and console games may be problematic issue especially for boys [8, 10, 11].”
BackgroundValidation of energy intake from a web-based food recall for children and adolescents
Medin, A. C., Hansen, B. H., Astrup, H., Ekelund, U., & Andersen, L. F. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0178921 · Cited by 19
Self-citationSolomon-Moore, E., Jago, R., Beasant, L., Brigden, A., & Crawley, E. M. (2019) · BMJ Paediatrics Open · doi:10.1136/bmjpo-2018-000425 · Cited by 17
“activity with each additional year.(41) This is consistent with the findings from the present study, whereby younger children aged 8–11 years were more active and less sedentary than adolescents.”
BackgroundResultBrazendale, K., Beets, M. W., Weaver, R. G., Turner‐McGrievy, G. M., Moore, J. B., Huberty, J., & Ward, D. S. (2020) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101053 · Cited by 17
Manyanga, T., Pelletier, C., Prince, S. A., Lee, E., Sluggett, L., & Lang, J. J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19074394 · Cited by 23
“For example, data from the International Children’s Accelerometry Database (ICAD) show that females (2–18 years) were consistently less active than males [29].”
MethodSantos, D. A., Marques, A., Minderico, C. S., Ekelund, U., & Sardinha, L. B. (2017) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2017.1411176 · Cited by 16
“, 2012; Marques & Gaspar De Matos, 2014), and spend a considerable amount of time in sedentary behaviours (Baptista et al., 2012; Cooper et al., 2015).”
BackgroundSelf-citationBernal, C. M. M., Lhuisset, L., Bru, N., Fabre, N., & Bois, J. E. (2021) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.13022 · Cited by 18
Mascarenhas, P., Furtado, J. M., Almeida, S. M., Ferraz, M. E., Ferraz, F. P., & Oliveira, P. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15020329 · Cited by 20
“Remarkably, studies report an increase in sedentary behaviour around early adolescence (11 to 13 years old), mostly in front of a screen [15,38,39].”
BackgroundCosta, J. A., Vale, S., Cordovil, R., Rodrigues, L., Cardoso, V., Proença, R., Costa, M., Neto, C., Brito, J., Guilherme, J., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1365782 · Cited by 19
Metadata
- Authors
- Cooper, A. R., Goodman, A., Page, A. S., Sherar, L. B., Esliger, D. W., van Sluijs, E. M., Andersen, L. B., Anderssen, S., Cardon, G., Davey, R., Froberg, K., Hallal, P., Janz, K. F., Kordas, K., Kreimler, S., Pate, R. R., Puder, J. J., Reilly, J. J., Salmon, J., Sardinha, L. B., Timperio, A., & Ekelund, U.
- Affiliations
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (GB)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- University of Bristol (GB)
- Loughborough University (GB)
- University of Southern Denmark (DK)
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences (NO)
- Ghent University (BE)
- University of Canberra (AU)
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas (BR)
- University of Iowa (US)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CH)
- University of Strathclyde (GB)
- Deakin University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Cooper, Ashley R.
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
- Published
- 2015-09-17
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 113-113
- ISSN
- 1479-5868 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4574095
- OpenAlex
- W2143709617
- Semantic Scholar
- ae7064ed7f3723aad9b0f8279bcd885e364dee03
- Cited by
- 828
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 86 · 2022: 91 · 2021: 106 · 2020: 119 · 2019: 108 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 37.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde) (acceptedVersion)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- University of Canberra Research Portal (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Loughborough University Research Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council (G0701877)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems
- Keywords
- physical activity, sedentary behavior, youth, children, adolescents, accelerometer-measured activity, sex differences, age differences, overweight and obesity, cross-national variation, light physical activity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Body Weight, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Family, Female, Humans, Male, Motor Activity, Obesity, Time Factors, Databases, Factual, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Internationality, Overweight, Sedentary Behavior, Self Report, Accelerometry
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-08, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
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