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Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International Children's Accelerometry Database (ICAD)
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in youth have been reported to vary by sex, age, weight status and country. However, supporting data are often self-reported and/or do not encompass a wide range of ages or geographical locations. This study aimed to describe objectively-measured physical activity and sedentary time patterns in youth. METHODS: The International Children's Accelerometry Database (ICAD) consists of ActiGraph accelerometer data from 20 studies in ten countries, processed using common data reduction procedures. Analyses were conducted on 27,637 participants (2.8-18.4 years) who provided at least three days of valid accelerometer data. Linear regression was used to examine associations between age, sex, weight status, country and physical activity outcomes. RESULTS: Boys were less sedentary and more active than girls at all ages. After 5 years of age there was an average cross-sectional decrease of 4.2% in total physical activity with each additional year of age, due mainly to lower levels of light-intensity physical activity and greater time spent sedentary. Physical activity did not differ by weight status in the youngest children, but from age seven onwards, overweight/obese participants were less active than their normal weight counterparts. Physical activity varied between samples from different countries, with a 15-20% difference between the highest and lowest countries at age 9-10 and a 26-28% difference at age 12-13. CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity differed between samples from different countries, but the associations between demographic characteristics and physical activity were consistently observed. Further research is needed to explore environmental and sociocultural explanations for these differences.
Overview
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This pooled analysis of ActiGraph accelerometer data from 20 studies in ten countries described physical activity and sedentary time in 27,637 youth aged 2.8–18.4 years. It found consistent sex, age, and weight-status differences, plus substantial between-country variation, despite use of common data-reduction procedures.
Key findings
- Boys were less sedentary and more active than girls at all ages. After age 5, total physical activity decreased cross-sectionally by an average of 4.2% per additional year (3.7% in boys, 4.6% in girls), mainly through lower light-intensity activity and greater sedentary time.
- Physical activity did not differ by weight status in the youngest children, but from age seven onwards overweight/obese participants were less active than normal-weight peers; this showed a dose–response relationship in both sexes and was particularly large in boys.
- Between-country differences were substantial: at age 9–10 the difference between the least active population (Madeira) and most active (Oslo, Norway) was 15–20% (156 cpm in boys, 613 vs. 769; 99 cpm in girls, 561 vs. 660), and at age 12–13 it was 26–28%.
- Among 5–17 year olds in ICAD, only 9.0% of boys and 1.9% of girls achieved ≥60 min MVPA every valid day; ≥60 min MVPA was accumulated on 46% of valid days for boys and 22% for girls, with Norwegian boys aged 9–10 recording the highest values (60.5% of measured days).
Methods
- ICAD pooled ActiGraph accelerometer data from 20 studies in ten countries using a standard data-reduction procedure. Analyses included 27,637 participants (92% of 29,967 potential participants) aged 2.8–18.4 years with at least 3 valid days (mean 5.3, range 3–7), providing 188,416 valid days across 35,360 time points.
- Linear regression examined cross-sectional associations between age, sex, weight status, and physical activity outcomes, adjusted for study and season; robust standard errors accounted for repeated measures within participants. Country comparisons were restricted to ages 9–15 and ten studies from eight countries, using standardized within-country outcomes and random-effects meta-analysis.
- Physical activity outcomes included average accelerometer counts per minute (cpm) and percentage time sedentary (≤100 cpm), light (101–2295 cpm), and moderate-to-vigorous (≥2296 cpm). Guideline achievement was presented as ≥60 min MVPA on every valid day and as the percentage of valid days with ≥60 min MVPA.
Limitations
- The paper states that the sample was skewed toward ages 9–15 (82% of measurement time points) and the UK and USA (73% of measurement time points); some countries had too few participants for country-level analysis, countries were not globally representative, and low- and middle-income countries were underrepresented. Most samples were not nationally representative, though generally at least regionally representative.
- The paper states accelerometer limitations: waist-worn accelerometers poorly record upper-body activity and cycling, potentially underestimating activity in high-cycling countries such as Denmark; they misclassify motionless-standing as sedentary, potentially overestimating sedentary time; and the MVPA thresholds perform poorly for ages 4–6 and are not validated under age 4.
- The paper notes that direction of causation between weight status and physical activity was not investigated and may be bidirectional, and that individual, social, and environmental explanations for between-country differences were not explored. Evident from the text: girls were over-represented (59%, falling to 52% after excluding one large study of adolescent girls), which may affect descriptive proportions.
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Claims the paper makes
19 Own result · 12 Own method · 5 Not checked yet · 4 Own interpretation
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At age 9–10, the difference between the least active population (Madeira) and the most active (Oslo, Norway) was 15–20 % (156 cpm in boys (613 vs. 769) and 99 cpm in girls (561 vs. 660)).”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Results > Cross-country comparisons of physical activity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At age 12–13, even larger differences were seen (26–28 % between the highest and lowest countries).”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Results > Cross-country comparisons of physical activity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“due mainly to lower levels of light-intensity physical activity and greater time spent sedentary”
- Also stated in: § Physical activity by sex, age and weight status · plain
“Simultaneous with the reduction in total physical activity and percentage time in MVPA between increasing age groups, light physical activity (Fig. 1c) declined and sedentary time increased (Fig. 1d).”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“the lower levels of overall physical activity with increasing age were reflected by a progressive increase in the volume of sedentary time and an almost equivalent ‘displacement’ of light-intensity physical activity.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Abstract > Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Physical activity by sex, age and weight status · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overweight/obesity was not associated with total physical activity in the youngest age groups (age 2–6)”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“Physical activity did not differ by weight status in the youngest children”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Results > Physical activity by sex, age and weight status
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“but from age seven onwards, overweight/obese participants were less active than their normal weight counterparts.”
- Also stated in: § Physical activity by sex, age and weight status · plain
“but was consistently associated with lower total physical activity in older age groups (Fig. 2a).”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Abstract > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Physical activity by sex, age and weight status · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When calculated relative to the average activity level at age 12, the annual difference was 5.8 % (4.7 % in boys, 6.8 % in girls; data not shown).”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After 5 years of age there was an average cross-sectional decrease of 4.2 % in total physical activity with each additional year of age”
- Also stated in: § Physical activity by sex, age and weight status · plain
“Overall, this is equivalent to an average annual reduction in total physical activity of 4.2 % relative to age five (3.7 % decrease in boys, 4.6 % decrease in girls).”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“The present study found a difference of 4.2 % per annum in overall physical activity when calculated with reference to the activity level at age five.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Abstract > Results
plaincorrelationaln = 27,637- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Physical activity by sex, age and weight status · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“comparison of data from Norway and the US shows that Norwegian 9–10 year old girls were, on average, as active as American boys (658 vs. 655 cpm).”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Among 5–17 year olds in the ICAD database as a whole only, 9.0 % of boys and 1.9 % of girls achieved this”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Results > Cross-country comparisons of physical activity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“≥60 min of MVPA were accumulated on a substantially higher percentage of days (46 % of valid days for boys and 22 % for girls)”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Results > Cross-country comparisons of physical activity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 21
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This association showed a dose–response relationship in both sexes, and was particularly large in boys (Fig. 2b).”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Results > Physical activity by sex, age and weight status
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“there was no country in which this difference was not significant or where the point estimate for the difference was less than 0.2 standard deviations.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Results > Cross-country comparisons of physical activity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Higher BMI was associated with lower physical activity in most countries, but this difference was not significant in all samples, including the two most active samples at age 9–10 (Fig 5c).”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Results > Cross-country comparisons of physical activity
plaincorrelationaln = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The three countries that were represented twice were ranked in the same order, with the USA least active, England intermediate and Australia most active.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Results > Cross-country comparisons of physical activity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Boys were less sedentary and more active than girls at all ages.”
- Also stated in: § Physical activity by sex, age and weight status · plain
“Boys were more active and less sedentary than girls at all ages.”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“Physical activity was consistently lower in girls than boys”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Abstract > Results
plaincorrelationaln = 27,637- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Physical activity by sex, age and weight status · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In all countries, boys were more active than girls. On average, activity levels among boys were 0.45 standard deviations higher than in girls at age 9–10 and 0.66 standard deviations higher at age 12–13 (Fig. 5a).”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Results > Cross-country comparisons of physical activity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Physical activity varied between samples from different countries, with a 15–20 % difference between the highest and lowest countries at age 9–10 and a 26–28 % difference at age 12–13.”
- Also stated in: § Cross-country comparisons of physical activity · plain
“Average accelerometer counts per minute varied substantially between countries, both at age 9–10 (Fig. 3a) and age 12–13 (Fig. 3b).”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Abstract > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“There are many possible individual, social and environmental explanations for these differences that were not explored in this study.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The ICAD provides a large volume of accelerometer data reduced using a common protocol, which allows comparison of study samples from a number of countries.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Conclusions
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“the countries included are not globally representative, with the US, UK and Northern Europe over-represented, few data from other geographical regions, and a dearth of data from low and middle-income countries.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In addition, waist-worn accelerometers mis-classify time spent in motionless-standing as sedentary, which is not considered to be a sedentary behaviour (defined as “any waking behaviour characterised by an energy expenditure ≤1.5 metabolic equivalents (METs) while in a sitting or reclining posture” [35]), potentially leading to over estimates of the true volume of sedentary time.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [35] Network SBR. Letter to the Editor: Standardized use of the terms “sedentary” and “sedentary behaviours”. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2012;37:540–2. source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“the number of participants in some countries did not allow analysis by country, and overall the sample is skewed towards two main age groups.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“most samples are not nationally representative, although studies have generally sampled to be at least regionally representative.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The direction of causation in the association between weight status and physical activity was not investigated in this analysis”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“a review of European studies using Actigraph accelerometers reported that 3–5 % of children met guidelines using an accelerometer threshold of >3000 cpm increasing to up to 87 % meeting guidelines using a threshold of >2000 cpm [20].”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [20] Guinhouya BC, Samouda H, de Beaufort C. Level of physical activity among children and adolescents in Europe: a review of physical activity assessed objectively by accelerometry. Public Health. 2013;127(4):301–11. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In analyses comparing activity levels between countries, we restricted our analyses to children 9–10 or 12–13, resulting in a sample of 10,741 participants from ten studies in eight countries.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Methods > Participants
plainn = 10,741- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“A systematic review and pooled analysis [10] concluded that physical activity declined by approximately 7 % per year after the age of ten.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [10] Dumith SC, Gigante DP, Domingues MR, HW K l. Physical activity change during adolescence: a systematic review and pooled analysis. Int J Epidemiol. 2011;40:685–98. source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“All analyses were adjusted for the ICAD study from which the data was drawn and also for time of year (May-October vs. November-April, with the months inverted for the three studies from the Southern hemisphere).”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Methods > Measurements
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Strengths of this study include a substantial sample of young people across a wide age range, a consistent measurement instrument and data reduction procedures, and physical activity data from a wide variety of countries.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The consistent differences by age and sex persist even though the countries differ in total physical activity levels, suggesting that these differences may to an extent be biological.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The ICAD begins to address this issue by providing accelerometer data from a substantial sample of youth reduced using a standard methodology.”
- Also stated in: § Conclusions · plain
“The ICAD provides a large volume of accelerometer data reduced using a common protocol, which allows comparison of study samples from a number of countries.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Conclusions · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nevertheless, all countries were alike in showing the same differences in physical activity by sex, by age and (almost always) by weight status.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
plaincorrelationaln = 27,637- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“When performing cross-sectional analyses, robust standard errors were used to adjust for the clustering of measurement waves within participants.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Methods > Measurements
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“When worn on the waist, as in the studies comprising the ICAD, they poorly record upper body physical activity and physical activity when cycling [34]. Thus, in countries with a high prevalence of cycling for transportation (e.g. Denmark), physical activity may be under-estimated.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [34] Corder K, Brage S, Ekelund U. Accelerometers and pedometers: methodology and clinical application. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2007;10:597–603. source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Whilst the thresholds used have been shown to provide valid estimates of physical activity intensity for youth aged 5 years and above [36], more recently they have been shown to perform poorly for MVPA in children aged 4–6 years [37] and have not been validated in children under 4 years.”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [36] Trost SG, Loprinzi PD, Moore R, Pfeiffer KA. Comparison of accelerometer cut points for predicting activity intensity in youth. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(7):1360–8. source
- Not checked yetcites [37] Janssen X, Cliff DP, Reilly JJ, Hinkley T, Jones RA, Batterham M, et al. Predictive validity and classification accuracy of Actigraph energy expenditure equations and cut-points in young children. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(11):e79124. 10.1371/journal.pone.0079124. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
No prior child and adolescent physical activity data pooling study had incorporated samples from such a diverse range of countries using consistent measures and methodology.
“No child and adolescent physical activity data pooling studies have incorporated samples from such a diverse range of countries using consistent measures and methodology.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Males are reportedly more active than females at all ages from youth to adolescence [18, 20, 58].”
From Barriers to voluntary participation in sport for children: a systematic review (2018) · cites this paper as [58]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Evidence shows that girls are less physically active than boys regardless of age [18, 19, 58].”
From Barriers to voluntary participation in sport for children: a systematic review (2018) · cites this paper as [58]
In the citing paper
“evidence suggests a decline in MVPA after early childhood,8, 9, 10”
From A mixed-studies systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to promote physical activity and/or reduce sedentary time in children (2020) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“a recent review finding that 10 countries had an annual decrease of 4.2% in PA and an increase in ST after the age of 5 years.11”
From A mixed-studies systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to promote physical activity and/or reduce sedentary time in children (2020) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“The International Children’s Accelerometry Database, though cross-sectional, suggests that objectively measured physical activity may be in decline in both sexes from around the age of school entry.13”
From Timing of the decline in physical activity in childhood and adolescence: gateshead millennium cohort study (2018) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“A low proportion of children from China, India and the USA met the recommendation of being physically active at least 60 min per day, data in line with the 15 to 28% prevalence coming from the International Children’s Accelerometry database [36].”
From Proportion of children meeting recommendations for 24-hour movement guidelines and associations with adiposity in a 12-country study (2016) · cites this paper as [36]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Results > Physical activity by sex, age and weight status
“Overweight/obesity was not associated with total physical activity in the youngest age groups (age 2–6) but was consistently associated with lower total physical activity in older age groups (Fig. 2a).”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Discussion
“differences in physical activity by weight status are seen from 6 years of age.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Results
“The prevalence of overweight/obesity (defined as an age and sex adjusted BMI equivalent to >30 kg/m2) was 26 % in the sample as a whole”
§ Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD) > Results
“| Weightstatus† ‡ | Overweight | 4939 (18 %) | 6238 (18 %) | | Weightstatus† ‡ | Obese | 2048 (7 %) | 2450 (7 %) |”
Citations
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BackgroundCalibration of two objective measures of physical activity for children
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Background
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Progress in physical activity over the Olympic quadrennium
Sallis, J. F., Bull, F., Guthold, R., Heath, G. W., Inoue, S., Kelly, P., Oyeyemi, A. L., Perez, L. G., Richards, J., & Hallal, P. C. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30581-5 · Cited by 935
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“Insights into the timing and magnitude of declines in MVPA could come from international consortium data such as the International Children's Accelerometry Database (ICAD), an important resource for accelerometer‐measured MVPA across childhood and adolescence; however, published analyses of the ICAD database is mostly…”
MethodResultSelf-citationTremblay, M. S., Barnes, J. D., González, S. A., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Onywera, V. O., Reilly, J. J., Tomkinson, G. R., & _, _. (2016) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0594 · Cited by 451
Self-citationCorder, K. L., Winpenny, E. M., Love, R., Brown, H. E., White, M. J., & van Sluijs, E. M. F. (2017) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-097330 · Cited by 463
Self-citationSteene‐Johannessen, J., Hansen, B. H., Dalene, K. E., Kolle, E., Northstone, K., Møller, N. C., Grøntved, A., Wedderkopp, N., Kriemler, S., Page, A. S., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-020-00930-x · Cited by 455
Self-citationFarooq, M. A., Parkinson, K. N., Adamson, A. J., Pearce, M. S., Reilly, J. K., Hughes, A. R., Janssen, X., Basterfield, L., & Reilly, J. J. (2018) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096933 · Cited by 418
“13 21 In brief, participants were asked to wear the accelerometer during waking hours for 7 days, removing only for bed and water-based activities such as showering, bathing and swimming.”
BackgroundSelf-citationEvaluation of raw acceleration sedentary thresholds in children and adults
Hildebrand, M., Hansen, B. H., van Hees, V. T., & Ekelund, U. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12795 · Cited by 425
for the ISCOLE Research Group, Roman-Viñas, B., Chaput, J.-P., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Fogelholm, M., Lambert, E. V., Maher, C., Maia, J., Olds, T., Onywera, V., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-016-0449-8 · Cited by 368
“A low proportion of children from China, India and the USA met the recommendation of being physically active at least 60 min per day, data in line with the 15 to 28% prevalence coming from the International Children’s Accelerometry database [36].”
BackgroundKandola, A. A., Lewis, G., Osborn, D., Stubbs, B., & Hayes, J. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30034-1 · Cited by 383
Cliff, D. P., Hesketh, K. D., Vella, S. A., Hinkley, T., Tsiros, M. D., Ridgers, N. D., Carver, A., Veitch, J., Parrish, A., Hardy, L. L., et al. (2016) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12371 · Cited by 327
“These findings among overweight/obese young people require confirmation in further studies but may be due to (i) unhealthier cardio-metabolic profiles (78) allowing detection earlier in life relative to non-overweight samples, (ii) greater sedentary behaviour exposure (79) or (iii) a lower MVPA volume (79), compared w…”
ResultSelf-citationOwen, M. B., Curry, W. B., Kerner, C., Newson, L., & Fairclough, S. J. (2017) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.09.018 · Cited by 280
Mintjens, S., Menting, M. D., Daams, J. G., van Poppel, M. N. M., Roseboom, T. J., & Gemke, R. J. B. J. (2018) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-018-0974-5 · Cited by 278
Aubert, S., Brazo‐Sayavera, J., González, S. A., Janssen, I., Manyanga, T., Oyeyemi, A. L., Picard, P., Sherar, L. B., Turner, E., & Tremblay, M. S. (2021) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-021-01155-2 · Cited by 296
Self-citationWick, K., Leeger‐Aschmann, C. S., Monn, N. D., Radtke, T., Ott, L. V., Rebholz, C. E., Cruz, S. S., Gerber, N., Schmutz, E. A., Puder, J. J., et al. (2017) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0723-1 · Cited by 312
“Although clear gender differences for FMS exist [15, 87, 88], be it related to differences in physical activity behavior [89] or cultural norms [8] that may foster enhanced FMS in boys (e.”
BackgroundSelf-citationBarnett, T. A., Kelly, A. S., Young, D. R., Perry, C. K., Pratt, C. A., Edwards, N. M., Rao, G., Vos, M. B., & On behalf of the American Heart Association Obesity Committee of the Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; and Stroke Council (2018) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000591 · Cited by 249
Barriers to voluntary participation in sport for children: a systematic review
Somerset, S., & Hoare, D. J. (2018) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-018-1014-1 · Cited by 231
“Evidence shows that girls are less physically active than boys regardless of age [18, 19, 58].”
BackgroundJones, M., Defever, E., Letsinger, A., Steele, J., & Mackintosh, K. A. (2020) · Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2019.06.009 · Cited by 189
“2% in PA and an increase in ST after the age of 5 years.(11) Whilst the study was limited by its cross-sectional design,(11) longitudinal research, albeit in single countries, supports a decline in MVPA after early childhood.”
Resaland, G. K., Aadland, E., Moe, V. F., Aadland, K. N., Skrede, T., Stavnsbo, M., Suominen, L., Steene-Johannessen, J., Glosvik, Ø., Andersen, J. R., et al. (2016) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.09.005 · Cited by 187
“, 2012) and European and US counterparts (Cooper et al., 2015).”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationFairclough, S. J., Dumuid, D., Taylor, S., Curry, W. B., McGrane, B., Stratton, G., Maher, C. A., & Olds, T. (2017) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-017-0521-z · Cited by 181
“However, considering the small proportion of youth that engage in 60 min MVPA·day [80], practitioners, policy-makers, health promotion workers, and researchers should also recognize the importance of providing opportunities that enable children to shift movement behaviours from ST and LPA to MVPA, and then maintain MV…”
BackgroundJago, R., Salway, R., Emm-Collison, L., Sebire, S. J., Thompson, J. L., & Lawlor, D. A. (2019) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-019-0459-0 · Cited by 142
Gender differences in the distribution of children’s physical activity: evidence from nine countries
Kretschmer, L., Salalι, G. D., Andersen, L. B., Hallal, P. C., Northstone, K., Sardinha, L. B., Dyble, M., Bann, D., Collaborators, I. C. A. D. (., Andersen, L. B., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-023-01496-0 · Cited by 170
“Gender is frequently observed to be a correlate of objectively measured physical activity in youth samples [16, 17], with boys on average typically under-taking more activity than girls, with the effect size relatively stable across ages [18–25].”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationSkrede, T., Steene‐Johannessen, J., Anderssen, S. A., Resaland, G. K., & Ekelund, U. (2018) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12758 · Cited by 158
“Children are more active than adolescents; however, physical activity (PA) consistently declines with age (2) while sedentary time increases (3,4).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSedentary behaviour across the primary-secondary school transition: A systematic review
Pearson, N., Haycraft, E., Johnston, J., & Atkin, A. J. (2016) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.11.010 · Cited by 130
“Findings of the current review should be viewed within the context of broader changes in sedentary time that occur during the transition from childhood to adolescence (Cooper et al., 2015) and the extent to which these changes are attributable to the school transition per se is largely unknown.”
BackgroundUS Population-referenced Percentiles for Wrist-Worn Accelerometer-derived Activity
Belcher, B. R., Wolff‐Hughes, D. L., Dooley, E. E., STAUDENMAYER, J. W., Berrigan, D. A., Eberhardt, M. S., & Troiano, R. P. (2021) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002726 · Cited by 119
Lang, J. J., Tremblay, M. S., Léger, L., Olds, T., & Tomkinson, G. R. (2018) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096224 · Cited by 131
Hecke, L. V., Ghekiere, A., Veitch, J., Dyck, D. V., Cauwenberg, J. V., Clarys, P., & Deforche, B. I. (2018) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.03.008 · Cited by 129
Sedentarismo, la enfermedad del siglo xxi
Rodulfo, J. I. A. (2019) · Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.arteri.2019.04.004 · Cited by 145
Collaborators, O. B. O. T. I. C. A. D. (., Brazendale, K., Beets, M. W., Armstrong, B., Weaver, R. G., Hunt, E. T., Pate, R. R., Brusseau, T. A., Bohnert, A. M., Olds, T., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-021-01095-x · Cited by 126
Self-citationMaking a Case for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Surveillance Among Children and Youth
Lang, J. J., Tomkinson, G. R., Janssen, I., Ruiz, J. R., Ortega, F. B., Léger, L., & Tremblay, M. S. (2018) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1249/jes.0000000000000138 · Cited by 125
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“Boys were also more physically active than girls in most empirical studies.(6,49,50) Yet, such gender differences in preschool children remain largely unexplored.”
BackgroundRethinking children’s physical activity interventions at school: A new context-specific approach
Jago, R., Salway, R., House, D., Beets, M. W., Lubans, D. R., Woods, C. B., & de Vocht, F. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1149883 · Cited by 132
Tassitano, R. M., Weaver, R. G., Tenório, M. C. M., Brazendale, K., & Beets, M. W. (2020) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-020-01054-y · Cited by 119
Reilly, J. J. (2016) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2016.05.002 · Cited by 122
“The ICAD data demonstrate substantial variation in MVPA between studies/environments, providing support for the view that environment (in the widest sense: policy, built, cultural) is important, and might either increase or decrease changes in MVPA, which are mediated by any underlying biological processes.(12)”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationCorder, K. L., Sharp, S. J., Atkin, A. J., Andersen, L. B., Cardon, G., Page, A. S., Davey, R., Grøntved, A., Hallal, P. C., Janz, K. F., et al. (2016) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.05.006 · Cited by 116
“Accelerometry Database, which includes data from studies in Europe, North America, Australia and Brazil, show a cross-sectional decrease of 4.2% in total physical activity with each additional year of age (Cooper et al., 2015).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationJanssen, X., Mann, K. D., Basterfield, L., Parkinson, K. N., Pearce, M. S., Reilly, J. K., Adamson, A., & Reilly, J. J. (2016) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-016-0413-7 · Cited by 113
“In addition, the study by Cooper et al. (2015) reported significant differences in sedentary behavior between boys and girls and this was confirmed by the current study [24].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationChesham, R. A., Booth, J. N., Sweeney, E. L., Ryde, G. C., Gorely, T., Brooks, N. E., & Moran, C. N. (2018) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-018-1049-z · Cited by 119
Implementing physically active learning: Future directions for research, policy, and practice
Daly-Smith, A., Quarmby, T., Archbold, V. S. J., Routen, A. C., Morris, J. L., Gammon, C., Bartholomew, J. B., Resaland, G. K., Llewellyn, B., Allman, R. M., et al. (2019) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2019.05.007 · Cited by 133
“The majority of children and young people do not accumulate the recommended 60 min of daily physical activity (PA).(1,2) With”
BackgroundBann, D., Scholes, S., Fluharty, M., & Shure, N. (2019) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-019-0897-z · Cited by 122
Physical activity levels of children and adolescents with moderate‐to‐severe intellectual disability
Wouters, M., Evenhuis, H. M., & Hilgenkamp, T. I. M. (2018) · Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1111/jar.12515 · Cited by 123
“…both in TD children and in children with intellectual disability, found a negative association between age and volume and/or intensity of physical activity (Cooper et al., 2015; Dumith, Gigante, Domingues, & Kohl, 2011; Esposito, MacDonald, Hornyak, & Ulrich, 2012; Izquierdo- Gomez et al., 2014).”
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Berglind, D., & Tynelius, P. (2017) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4600-5 · Cited by 99
“Children become more sedentary with age [4] and furthermore accumulate their sedentary time in increasingly prolonged bouts [5].”
BackgroundHecke, L. V., Ghekiere, A., Cauwenberg, J. V., Veitch, J., Bourdeaudhuij, I. D., Dyck, D. V., Clarys, P., de Weghe, N. V., & Deforche, B. I. (2018) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.05.017 · Cited by 101
Nilsen, A. K. O., Anderssen, S. A., Johannessen, K., Aadland, K. N., Ylvisåker, E., Loftesnes, J. M., & Aadland, E. (2020) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-019-0902-6 · Cited by 110
Self-citationAubert, S., Barnes, J. D., Aguilar-Farías, N., Cardon, G., Chang, C., Nyström, C. D., Demetriou, Y., Edwards, L. C., Emeljanovas, A., Gába, A., et al. (2018) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2018-0431 · Cited by 99
“Cooper et al 35 found that there was substantial between-country variation in objectively measured MVPA in the International Children ’ s Accelerometry Database, even between apparently similar countries, and concluded that further research is needed to explore environmental and sociocultural explanations for these di…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationKallio, J., Hakonen, H., Syväoja, H. J., Kulmala, J., Kankaanpää, A., Ekelund, U., & Tammelin, T. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13668 · Cited by 86
Self-citationvan Sluijs, E. M. F., & Kriemler, S. (2016) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-016-0348-z · Cited by 93
“However, levels of physical activity appear to be insufficient in large populations [8] and decline rapidly from late childhood through adolescence [9].”
BackgroundSelf-citationAdolescents’ healthy lifestyle
Marques, A., Loureiro, N., Avelar‐Rosa, B., Naia, A., & de Matos, M. G. (2018) · Jornal de Pediatria · doi:10.1016/j.jped.2018.09.002 · Cited by 83
“4 comportamentos 19,6 (18,4, 20,8) 13,2 (12,1, 14,4) 7,2 (6,1, 8,4) < 0,001 -12,4 (-13,0, -11,8) 5 comportamentosa 4,4 (3,2, 5,7) 2,0 (0,8, 3,2) 0,8 (-0,3, 2,0) < 0,001 -1,5 (-1,7, -1,3)”
A comparison of 10 accelerometer non-wear time criteria and logbooks in children
Aadland, E., Andersen, L. B., Anderssen, S. A., & Resaland, G. K. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5212-4 · Cited by 79
“Yet, with increasing age, overall SED increase [34], the time spent in longer bouts of SED increase [8, 14, 15], and the number of breaks in SED time decrease [14, 16].”
BackgroundSelf-citationElmesmari, R., Reilly, J. J., Martin, A., & Paton, J. Y. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0179429 · Cited by 81
“A recent pooling of international accelerometry data from nearly 21,000 healthy children and adolescents showed typically very low levels of adherence to the 60 minutes/day recommendation for MVPA [57], so it is perhaps not surprising that levels of MVPA among those with chronic disease were also found to be generally…”
BackgroundSelf-citationReilly, J. J., Hughes, A. R., Janssen, X., Hesketh, K. R., Livingstone, S., Hill, C. M., Kipping, R., Draper, C. E., Okely, A. D., & Martin, A. (2019) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2019-0139 · Cited by 67
Self-citationTrost, S. G. (2020) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-020-00929-4 · Cited by 64
Bourke, M., Haddara, A., Loh, A., Carson, V., Breau, B., & Tucker, P. (2023) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-023-01450-0 · Cited by 78
“Research has consistently shown that children are most active in their preschool years before becoming progressively less active around 6 years of age and onwards [100, 101, 105].”
BackgroundResultLampinen, E., Eloranta, A., Haapala, E. A., Lindi, V., Väistö, J., Lintu, N., Karjalainen, P., Kukkonen-Harjula, K. T., Laaksonen, D. E., & Lakka, T. A. (2017) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2017.1294619 · Cited by 81
“Previous studies have shown that boys are more active than girls (Cooper et al., 2015; Pellegrini, Blatchford, Kato, & Baines, 2004; Seabra, Mendonça, et al., 2013; Seabra, Seabra, et al., 2013).”
BackgroundResultJago, R., Solomon-Moore, E., Macdonald-Wallis, C., Sebire, S. J., Thompson, J. L., & Lawlor, D. A. (2017) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-017-0492-0 · Cited by 74
“2% in total physical activity with each additional year of age [8].”
BackgroundInfluentialSolomon-Moore, E., Toumpakari, Z., Sebire, S. J., Thompson, J. L., Lawlor, D. A., & Jago, R. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019732 · Cited by 67
Gehricke, J., Chan, J. G. M., Farmer, J. G., Fenning, R. M., Steinberg-Epstein, R., Misra, M., Parker, R. A., & Neumeyer, A. M. (2019) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101490 · Cited by 75
Andersen, E., Borch-Jenssen, J., Øvreås, S., Ellingsen, H., Jørgensen, K. A., & Moser, T. (2017) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.06.003 · Cited by 72
“In the analysis of accelerometer data, epoch periods with a value of zero for 60 min (with allowance for two exceptions above zero) or longer were interpreted as “accelerometer not worn” and removed from the analyses (Cooper et al., 2015).”
MethodResultNyberg, G., Kjellenberg, K., Fröberg, A., & Lindroos, A. K. (2020) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.15251 · Cited by 87
“16 In the present study, the average sedentary time was 619 minutes, which is higher than the study conducted by Ekelund et al, 17 who reported an average of 354 minutes of sedentary time in 20 871 children and adolescents.”
ResultSchmutz, E. A., Haile, S. R., Leeger‐Aschmann, C. S., Kakebeeke, T. H., Zysset, A. E., Messerli‐Bürgy, N., Stülb, K., Arhab, A., Meyer, A. H., Munsch, S., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-018-0670-8 · Cited by 70
“Since the transition from preschool to primary school is commonly thought to have a marked impact on PA behavior [38], we did not mention studies that included children who had entered formal schooling at follow-up.”
BackgroundSelf-citationPhysical activity mediates the relationship between outdoor time and mental health
Bélanger, M. F., Gallant, F., Doré, I., O’Loughlin, J. L., Sylvestre, M., Nader, P. A., Larouche, R., Gunnell, K. E., & Sabiston, C. M. (2019) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.101006 · Cited by 76
Collaborators, O. B. O. T. I. C. A. D. (., van Ekris, E., Wijndaele, K., Altenburg, T. M., Atkin, A. J., Twisk, J. W. R., Andersen, L. B., Janz, K. F., Froberg, K., Northstone, K., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-020-00960-5 · Cited by 59
Self-citationSchneller, M. B., Duncan, S., Schipperijn, J., Nielsen, G., Mygind, E., & Bentsen, P. (2017) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4430-5 · Cited by 66
“This is likely a consequence of the strict inclusion criteria and should be considered in the interpretation of the results [43], especially when it comes to older and overweight children who are generally considered less physically active than younger and normal weight children [31, 32].”
BackgroundResultGroup-based physical activity trajectories in children transitioning from elementary to high school
Pate, R. R., Schenkelberg, M. A., Dowda, M. C., & McIver, K. L. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6630-7 · Cited by 54
“Discussion Previous studies have shown that physical activity tends to decrease with increasing age during childhood and adolescence [5, 6, 9, 10].”
BackgroundSelf-citationLeeger‐Aschmann, C. S., Schmutz, E. A., Zysset, A. E., Kakebeeke, T. H., Messerli‐Bürgy, N., Stülb, K., Arhab, A., Meyer, A. H., Munsch, S., Jenni, O. G., et al. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6837-7 · Cited by 54
Self-citationJoensuu, L., Syväoja, H. J., Kallio, J., Kulmala, J., Kujala, U. M., & Tammelin, T. (2018) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2018.1457081 · Cited by 63
“Theminimumamount of adequate data was set as 500 min day−1 (between 7 am and 11 pm) (Cooper et al., 2015) for at least two weekdays and one weekend day.”
Physical activity among Norwegian preschoolers varies by sex, age, and season
Nilsen, A. K. O., Anderssen, S. A., Ylvisåker, E., Johannessen, K., & Aadland, E. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13405 · Cited by 63
Self-citationPrince, S. A., Roberts, K. C., Melvin, A., Butler, G., & Thompson, W. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09234-y · Cited by 74
Noonan, R. J., Boddy, L. M., Kim, Y., Knowles, Z. R., & Fairclough, S. J. (2016) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2016.1255347 · Cited by 52
“…Browne, & Harrington, 2014; Wake et al., 2014), and the wealth of existing international data obtained from hip-worn ActiGraph accelerometers (Cooper et al., 2015; Corder et al., 2016; Sherar et al., 2011), it is important to understand whether PA estimates derived from GAwrist and AGhip are…”
BackgroundOwen, M. B., Kerner, C., Taylor, S. L., Noonan, R. J., Newson, L., Kosteli, M., Curry, W. B., & Fairclough, S. J. (2018) · Children · doi:10.3390/children5060067 · Cited by 56
“With the well-established declines in adolescent girls’ PA levels [4,6], this finding was encouraging, as the intervention prevented the anticipated decline in PA. Providing choice and autonomy has been well established as a successful approach influencing youths’ PA enjoyment and engagement…”
BackgroundTelford, R. M., OLIVE, L. S., Cochrane, T., Davey, R., & Telford, R. D. (2016) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-016-0388-4 · Cited by 72
“In any case, our findings, taken in conjunction with well-established findings that boys are more physically active than girls overall [1, 18], and during PE lessons [25], add weight to the premise that gender differences be carefully considered when designing PA interventions.”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationKontostoli, E., Jones, A., Pearson, N., Foley, L. S., Biddle, S., & Atkin, A. J. (2021) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13263 · Cited by 73
“Changes in sedentary behavior mirror the well-documented reduction in physical activity during childhood.(19,30,33,34) Given evidence that sedentary behavior tracks moderately from childhood to adulthood,(35,36) age-related increases in overall sedentary time, as captured by device-based measurement, likely reflect ch…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialLevels of physical activity during physical education lessons in Sweden
Fröberg, A., Raustorp, A., Pagels, P., Larsson, C. L., & Boldemann, C. (2016) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.13551 · Cited by 60
“From a gender perspective, previous data have also suggested that boys obtained a somewhat higher %MVPA on a daily basis than girls (3).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialCzenczek‐Lewandowska, E., Leszczak, J., Baran, J., Weres, A., Wyszyńska, J., Lewandowski, B., Dąbrowski, M., & Mazur, A. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16183498 · Cited by 58
“The study group consisted of 286 children with T1D fulfilling the inclusion criteria: Ages from 6 to 18 years, T1D diagnosed at least one year before the start of the study, informed consent signed by the parent and adolescents aged over 16 years, or confirmed orally by the children below 16 years, a record of physica…”
MethodSutherland, R., Campbell, E. M., Nathan, N., Wolfenden, L., Lubans, D. R., Morgan, P. J., Gillham, K. E., Oldmeadow, C. J., Searles, A., Reeves, P., et al. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6965-0 · Cited by 48
“Despite the widely accepted benefits of PA during adolescence, less than 10% of adolescents globally (including Australia) accumulate sufficient PA to accrue the associated health benefits [8].”
BackgroundCox, A., Fairclough, S. J., Kosteli, M., & Noonan, R. J. (2019) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-019-01215-5 · Cited by 63
“Furthermore, adolescent boys are under-represented in the literature relative to girls [77].”
BackgroundCorrelates of compliance with recommended levels of physical activity in children
Gomes, T. N., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Hedeker, D., Fogelholm, M., Standage, M., Onywera, V., Lambert, E. V., Tremblay, M. S., Chaput, J.-P., Tudor-Locke, C., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-16525-9 · Cited by 55
Chen, S., Liu, Y., Hong, J., Tang, Y., Cao, Z., Zhuang, J., Zhu, Z., & Chen, P. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-6167-1 · Cited by 53
“guidelines, a significant decrease in PA [7] and an increase in SED [8] have been observed over time.”
BackgroundMoore, S. A., Cumming, S. P., Balletta, G., Ramage, K., Eisenmann, J. C., Baxter-Jones, A. D. G., Jackowski, S. A., & Sherar, L. B. (2020) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.1080/03014460.2020.1805006 · Cited by 48
Self-citationJohnstone, A., McCrorie, P., Cordovil, R., Fjørtoft, I., Iivonen, S., Jidovtseff, B., Lopes, F., Reilly, J. J., Thomson, H., Wells, V., et al. (2022) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2021-0760 · Cited by 66
Self-citationBuchan, D. S., McLellan, G., Donnelly, S., & Arthur, R. (2019) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2019.1664536 · Cited by 42
“Unfortunately, recommendations of 60 minutes per day for children may be unattainable for many individuals (Cooper et al., 2015; Hallal et al., 2012).”
BackgroundDemetriou, Y., Gillison, F., & McKenzie, T. L. (2017) · Advances in Physical Education · doi:10.4236/ape.2017.72017 · Cited by 53
“This is supported by accelerometer data from over 27,000 children and adolescents (aged 3 to 18) from 20 studies in ten countries which showed that only 9% of the boys and 2% of the girls met the WHO recommendations (Cooper et al., 2015).”
MethodJago, R., Macdonald-Wallis, C. M., Solomon-Moore, E., Janice, L. T., Lawlor, D. A., & Simon, J. S. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017588 · Cited by 47
“with age, while sedentary time increases.(6) 8–11 Strategies to increase children’s physical activity are needed.”
BackgroundMcLellan, G., Arthur, R., & Buchan, D. S. (2018) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2018.1461322 · Cited by 51
“Especially given the wealth of hip- (Cooper et al., 2015; Katzmarzyk et al., 2015) and wrist-mounted (Troiano,”
BackgroundNilsen, A. K. O., Anderssen, S. A., Resaland, G. K., Johannessen, K., Ylvisåker, E., & Aadland, E. (2019) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100837 · Cited by 50
Self-citationTeenage recommendations to improve physical activity for their age group: a qualitative study
James, M., Todd, C., Scott, S. N., Stratton, G., McCoubrey, S., Christian, D. L., Halcox, J., Audrey, S., Ellins, E. A., Anderson, S., et al. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5274-3 · Cited by 64
“It is estimated that 80% of teenagers worldwide are not sufficiently active [5].”
BackgroundChanges in Physical Activity Patterns from Childhood to Adolescence: Genobox Longitudinal Study
Llorente‐Cantarero, F. J., Aguilar-Gómez, F. J., Anguita‐Ruiz, A., Rupérez, A. I., Vázquez‐Cobela, R., Flores‐Rojas, K., Aguilera, C. M., González‐Gil, E. M., Gil‐Campos, M., Bueno, G., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17197227 · Cited by 48
Physical activity interventions for the mental health of children: A systematic review
Hale, G. E., Colquhoun, L., Lancastle, D., Lewis, N., & Tyson, P. J. (2022) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.13048 · Cited by 57
Jago, R., Salway, R., Lawlor, D. A., Emm-Collison, L., Heron, J., Thompson, J. L., & Sebire, S. J. (2018) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-018-0735-8 · Cited by 51
“A valid day was defined as at least 500 min of data, after excluding intervals of ≥60 min of zero counts allowing up to 2 min of interruptions [4].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialAlliott, O., Ryan, M., Fairbrother, H., & van Sluijs, E. M. F. (2021) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13374 · Cited by 55
“1 | BACKGROUND Globally physical activity levels of 11- to 17-year-olds are low,(1) with less than one in 10 adolescents meeting the physical activity guidelines of 60 min per day.(1,2) Low physical activity levels during adolescence, defined as 10- to 19-years-olds in line with the World Health Organization (WHO), ar…”
BackgroundSelf-citationSyväoja, H. J., Kankaanpää, A., Kallio, J., Hakonen, H., Kulmala, J., Hillman, C. H., Pesonen, A.-K., & Tammelin, T. H. (2018) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2017-0135 · Cited by 50
Jago, R., Salway, R., House, D., Walker, R. A. J., Emm-Collison, L., Sansum, K. M., Breheny, K., Reid, T., Churchward, S., Williams, J. G., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-023-01441-1 · Cited by 47
“However, a number of studies have shown that large proportions of children and young people [6, 7] as well as adults [8–10] do not meet these recommendations.”
BackgroundMethodSchneller, M. B., Schipperijn, J., Nielsen, G., & Bentsen, P. (2017) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-017-0534-7 · Cited by 54
“PA is generally lower for girls compared to boys, for overweight compared to normal weight children, and it declines with age [43, 44].”
BackgroundMcLellan, G., Arthur, R., Donnelly, S., & Buchan, D. S. (2019) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2019.02.005 · Cited by 52
Goodman, A., Fridman-Rojas, I., Woodcock, J., Aldred, R., Berkoff, N., Morgan, M., Abbas, A., & Lovelace, R. (2019) · Journal of Transport & Health · doi:10.1016/j.jth.2019.01.008 · Cited by 41
Self-citationPindus, D. M., Drollette, E. S., Raine, L. B., Kao, S., Khan, N. A., Westfall, D. R., Hamill, M., Shorin, R. J., Calobrisi, E., John, D., et al. (2019) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2019.02.003 · Cited by 51
“However, it is also important to understand the relationship between daily PA and cognitive control in the absence of an intervention because of the intermittency of children’s PA and low levels of MVPA in the general population of children.(1,11) Observational studies complement experimental studies and can help to i…”
BackgroundTaylor, S. L., Noonan, R. J., Knowles, Z. R., Owen, M. B., McGrane, B., Curry, W. B., & Fairclough, S. J. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15051011 · Cited by 47
“These potential confounding covariates were selected based on previous research which has deemed them to be influential to the outcomes and depending on the outcome, included gender [1,64], SES [65,66], body size [67,68], CRF [69,70], PA self-efficacy [31], PA enjoyment [31], accelerometer wear time, and whole weekday…”
BackgroundMethodda Costa, M. P., Severo, M., Araújo, J., & Vilela, S. (2024) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2024.107279 · Cited by 47
“In addition, a substantial decrease in the time spent on physical activities has been described (Cooper et al., 2015).”
Factors related with public open space use among adolescents: a study using GPS and accelerometers
Hecke, L. V., Verhoeven, H., Clarys, P., Dyck, D. V., de Weghe, N. V., Baert, T., Deforche, B. I., & Cauwenberg, J. V. (2018) · International Journal of Health Geographics · doi:10.1186/s12942-018-0123-2 · Cited by 48
Mertens, L., Cauwenberg, J. V., Veitch, J., Deforche, B. I., & Dyck, D. V. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0212920 · Cited by 47
Metadata
- Authors
- Cooper, A. R., Goodman, A., Page, A. S., Sherar, L. B., Esliger, D. W., van Sluijs, E. M., Andersen, L. B., Anderssen, S., Cardon, G., Davey, R., Froberg, K., Hallal, P., Janz, K. F., Kordas, K., Kreimler, S., Pate, R. R., Puder, J. J., Reilly, J. J., Salmon, J., Sardinha, L. B., Timperio, A., & Ekelund, U.
- Affiliations
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (GB)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- University of Bristol (GB)
- Loughborough University (GB)
- University of Southern Denmark (DK)
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences (NO)
- Ghent University (BE)
- University of Canberra (AU)
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas (BR)
- University of Iowa (US)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CH)
- University of Strathclyde (GB)
- Deakin University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Cooper, Ashley R.
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
- Published
- 2015-09-17
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 113-113
- ISSN
- 1479-5868 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4574095
- OpenAlex
- W2143709617
- Semantic Scholar
- ae7064ed7f3723aad9b0f8279bcd885e364dee03
- Cited by
- 828
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 86 · 2022: 91 · 2021: 106 · 2020: 119 · 2019: 108 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 37.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde) (acceptedVersion)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- University of Canberra Research Portal (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Loughborough University Research Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council (G0701877)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems
- Keywords
- physical activity, sedentary behavior, youth, children, adolescents, accelerometer-measured activity, sex differences, age differences, overweight and obesity, cross-national variation, light physical activity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Body Weight, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Family, Female, Humans, Male, Motor Activity, Obesity, Time Factors, Databases, Factual, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Internationality, Overweight, Sedentary Behavior, Self Report, Accelerometry
About these checks
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